IELTS Speaking collocations: 5 mavzu bo‘yicha 50 ta ibora va misol

Collocation — ingliz tilida odatda birga keladigan so‘zlar juftligi: heavy traffic, make progress, meet a deadline. IELTS Speakingda ular yakka “qiyin so‘z”dan foydaliroq, chunki nutqni tabiiy va aniq qiladi. Quyida Speakingda ko‘p so‘raladigan beshta mavzu bo‘yicha 50 ta collocation, har biri uchun o‘zbekcha ma’no va O‘zbekiston hayotidan misol gap bor.

Oldingi versiyada biz “daunting challenge — Band 7.5+” kabi yorliqlar qo‘ygan edik. Bu noto‘g‘ri edi: bitta ibora bandni belgilamaydi. Rasmiy band descriptorlarning mazmuniga ko‘ra, 7-bandda nomzod kamroq uchraydigan va idiomatik so‘zlarni ishlatadi, uslub va collocationni his qiladi, ba’zan noo‘rin tanlov qilishi mumkin. Ya’ni gap so‘zlar sonida emas, ularni to‘g‘ri joyda ishlatishda.

Lug‘at mezoni qanday baholanishi va o‘zbekchadan so‘zma-so‘z o‘tadigan xatolar (give an exam, take rest) haqida lexical resource sahifasida yozganmiz. Bu sahifa — mavzu bo‘yicha ishchi ro‘yxat.

1. Texnologiya va internet

#	Collocation	Ma’nosi	Misol gap
1	spend too much time on	…ga ortiqcha vaqt sarflamoq	I probably spend too much time on my phone, especially on Telegram channels at night.
2	keep in touch with	…bilan aloqani uzmaslik	Video calls help me keep in touch with my cousins who work in Korea.
3	keep up with	ortda qolmaslik	My parents find it hard to keep up with new apps, so I usually set them up.
4	a user-friendly app	foydalanish oson ilova	Most banking apps are fairly user-friendly now, so I rarely visit a branch.
5	pay bills online	to‘lovlarni onlayn qilmoq	These days I pay almost all my bills online, even for gas and electricity.
6	screen time	ekran oldida o‘tgan vaqt	I started checking my screen time, and the numbers were a bit embarrassing.
7	a double-edged sword	ham foydali, ham zararli narsa	Social media is a double-edged sword: it’s great for news, but it eats up hours.
8	go viral	tez tarqalib ketmoq	A video about a small food stall in Chorsu went viral last year.
9	rely heavily on	…ga juda tayanmoq	Many students rely heavily on online translators, which isn’t always helpful.
10	raise privacy concerns	shaxsiy ma’lumot xavfsizligi haqida xavotir uyg‘otmoq	Apps that ask for all your contacts raise privacy concerns.

2. Shahar, uy va sayohat

#	Collocation	Ma’nosi	Misol gap
11	a bustling city	gavjum, hayot qaynagan shahar	Tashkent feels like a bustling city in the evenings, especially near Amir Temur Square.
12	get stuck in traffic	tirbandlikda qolib ketmoq	I often get stuck in traffic on the way to university, so I leave early.
13	public transport	jamoat transporti	For me, the metro is the most reliable public transport in the city.
14	within walking distance	piyoda yetib boriladigan masofada	There’s a bazaar within walking distance of my flat.
15	the cost of living	yashash xarajatlari	The cost of living in the capital is much higher than in my hometown.
16	peace and quiet	tinchlik, osoyishtalik	At weekends we go to the mountains near Chimgan for some peace and quiet.
17	historic sites	tarixiy obidalar	Samarkand is full of historic sites, so it’s busy with tourists all year.
18	off the beaten track	sayyohlar kam boradigan joyda	I prefer places off the beaten track, like small villages in the Nurata mountains.
19	green spaces	yashil hududlar, bog‘lar	I wish our district had more green spaces where children could play.
20	move to a bigger city	kattaroq shaharga ko‘chmoq	Many young people move to a bigger city after school to find work.

3. Ta’lim va ish

#	Collocation	Ma’nosi	Misol gap
21	get a degree in	…bo‘yicha diplom olmoq	I’m getting a degree in computer science at a university in Tashkent.
22	attend lectures	ma’ruzalarga qatnashmoq	In my first year I attended every lecture, but now I’m more selective.
23	fall behind	ortda qolib ketmoq	If you miss a week of classes, it’s very easy to fall behind.
24	meet a deadline	muddatga ulgurmoq	At work I have to meet tight deadlines, especially at the end of the month.
25	do an internship	amaliyot o‘tamoq	I did an internship at a bank last summer, and it was eye-opening.
26	work-life balance	ish va shaxsiy hayot muvozanati	Working from home has improved my work-life balance.
27	a heavy workload	og‘ir ish yoki o‘qish yuklamasi	Final-year students usually have a heavy workload.
28	make progress	oldinga siljimoq	I make progress faster when I practise speaking every day.
29	earn a living	tirikchilik qilmoq	My uncle earns a living by driving a taxi.
30	run a business	biznes yuritmoq	My parents run a small business selling building materials.

4. Atrof-muhit

#	Collocation	Ma’nosi	Misol gap
31	air pollution	havo ifloslanishi	In winter, air pollution in big cities gets noticeably worse.
32	reduce plastic waste	plastik chiqindini kamaytirmoq	Bringing your own bag to the bazaar is an easy way to reduce plastic waste.
33	a water shortage	suv tanqisligi	Many farmers worry about water shortages in the summer months.
34	save energy	energiyani tejamoq	We try to save energy by switching off the air conditioner when we go out.
35	plant trees	daraxt ekmoq	Every spring our mahalla organises a hashar to plant trees.
36	renewable energy	qayta tiklanuvchi energiya	I think we should invest more in renewable energy, especially solar power.
37	climate change	iqlim o‘zgarishi	People often link hotter summers to climate change.
38	raise awareness	xabardorlikni oshirmoq	Schools can raise awareness about recycling from an early age.
39	take action	chora ko‘rmoq	Governments need to take action, but individuals can make small changes too.
40	have an impact on	…ga ta’sir qilmoq	Cars have a huge impact on air quality in large cities.

Atrof-muhit mavzusidagi Part 3 savollari va namuna javoblar environment sahifasida.

5. Fikr bildirish va javobni bog‘lash

Bu guruh mavzuga bog‘liq emas, lekin har javobda kerak bo‘ladi. Ular fikr o‘rnini bosmaydi — faqat fikrni boshlash va bog‘lashga yordam beradi.

#	Ibora	Ma’nosi	Misol gap
41	to be honest	rostini aytsam	To be honest, I don’t cook very often.
42	it depends on	…ga bog‘liq	It depends on the season. In summer I go out much more.
43	as far as I know	bilishimcha	As far as I know, my hometown still doesn’t have a proper cinema.
44	I’d say	menimcha (yumshoq fikr)	I’d say the biggest problem in my city is traffic.
45	that’s a tough question	qiyin savol ekan	That’s a tough question. I’ve never really thought about it.
46	on the other hand	boshqa tomondan	On the other hand, living in a village is much cheaper.
47	the main reason is	asosiy sabab shuki	The main reason is that my family lives nearby.
48	once in a while	vaqti-vaqti bilan	Once in a while I go to the theatre, but not regularly.
49	have a lot in common	umumiy jihatlari ko‘p	My best friend and I have a lot in common, especially our taste in films.
50	look back on	ortga nazar tashlab eslamoq	When I look back on my school years, I remember the teachers more than the lessons.

Idiomlar haqida alohida ehtiyotkorlik kerak: over the moon yoki a piece of cake kabi klishelar har javobga qo‘shilsa, yodlangan eshitiladi. Qaysi idiom tabiiy va qaysi xavfli ekani idiomlarni to‘g‘ri ishlatish sahifasida.

Oldin va keyin: bitta Part 3 javobi

Savol (mashq uchun): Should people use public transport more often?

Oldin: Yes, I think public transport is good. Cars make the air dirty. Also, cars are expensive. In Tashkent there are many cars. So people should use metro and buses.

Keyin: I’d say yes, at least in big cities. The main reason is that cars have a huge impact on air quality, and in Tashkent air pollution gets quite bad in winter. It’s also about money: with the cost of living going up, a metro ride is far cheaper than petrol and parking. On the other hand, it isn’t realistic for everyone. If you live in a new district with no metro nearby, you can easily get stuck in traffic on a bus for an hour.

Ikkinchi javobda murakkab so‘z yo‘q. Farq shundaki, fikr aniqroq va so‘zlar bir-biriga tabiiy bog‘langan. Bundan tashqari, u fikrni rivojlantiradi va masalaning boshqa tomonini ham ko‘rsatadi.

Ro‘yxatdan nutqqa: 15 daqiqalik faollashtirish

Ro‘yxatni yodlash bilan collocation nutqda paydo bo‘lmaydi. Har kuni shu tartibni bajaring:

3 daqiqa: bitta jadvaldan beshta ibora tanlang. Faqat sizning hayotingizga to‘g‘ri keladiganlarini oling.
5 daqiqa: har biri bilan o‘zingiz haqingizda bitta gap ayting, ovoz chiqarib. Misolni takrorlamang, o‘z gapingizni tuzing.
5 daqiqa: shu mavzuda bitta Part 1 va bitta Part 3 savoliga javob bering va yozib oling. Iboralarni majburan tiqmang: ikki-uchtasi tabiiy chiqsa yetarli.
2 daqiqa: yozuvni tinglang. Qaysi ibora chiqdi, qaysi biri chiqmadi — ertaga shunisidan boshlaysiz.

Mashq: bo‘sh joyni to‘ldiring

Har bir gapga ro‘yxatdagi mos iborani qo‘ying. Kerak bo‘lsa, fe’l shaklini o‘zgartiring.

1. I missed two weeks of classes when I was ill, so I ____ and had to study at weekends.
2. My flat is great because the metro is ____.
3. She ____ by teaching English online to students in other cities.
4. I don’t buy new gadgets often, but ____ I treat myself to something.
5. The project was hard, but we managed to ____ and submit it on Friday.
6. Our neighbours ____ a small bakery near the bazaar.
7. People worry about ____ when apps collect too much personal data.
8. When I ____ my first job, I realise how much I learned there.

Javoblar:

1. fell behind
2. within walking distance
3. earns a living
4. once in a while
5. meet the deadline
6. run
7. privacy
8. look back on

Beshinchi gapda aniq bir loyiha haqida gap ketyapti, shuning uchun a deadline emas, the deadline. Yettinchi gapda raise privacy concerns ham qo‘llanishi mumkin: …because apps that collect too much data raise privacy concerns.

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