CEFR B1, B2 va C1 farqi: har daraja nima qila oladi

B1 darajasida siz tanish mavzularda (ish, o‘qish, oila, sayohat) mustaqil gaplasha olasiz va tajriba yoki rejangizni oddiy bog‘langan gaplarda aytasiz. B2 da murakkab va mavhum mavzularda ham fikrni afzallik va kamchiliklar bilan asoslab, suhbatdoshingizni qiynamasdan ravon gaplashasiz. C1 da esa uzun, qiyin matnlardagi yashirin ma’noni tushunasiz, so‘z qidirmasdan gapirasiz va tilni o‘qish yoki ish uchun moslashuvchan ishlatasiz.

Bu tavsiflar Yevropa Kengashining (Council of Europe) Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) tizimiga asoslangan. Quyida ular o‘zbek tilida qayta ifodalangan, so‘zma-so‘z tarjima emas. Asl matnni self-assessment grid sahifasida o‘qishingiz mumkin.

CEFR o‘zi nima?

CEFR — imtihon emas, til bilishni tavsiflovchi umumiy shkala. U oltita darajadan iborat: A1, A2 (boshlang‘ich foydalanuvchi), B1, B2 (mustaqil foydalanuvchi), C1, C2 (malakali foydalanuvchi). Har bir daraja “bu odam til bilan nima qila oladi” degan “can do” tavsiflar bilan beriladi. Grammatika kitobining qaysi bobini o‘tganingiz daraja emas.

Muhim nuqta: turli ko‘nikmalarda daraja har xil bo‘lishi mumkin. Masalan, reading B2 atrofida, speaking esa B1 da bo‘lishi mumkin: maktab va kurslarda o‘qish ko‘pincha gapirishdan ko‘proq mashq qilinadi.

Uch daraja bir jadvalda

Speaking: bir savolga uch darajadagi javob

Savol (mashq uchun): Do you prefer working from home or in an office? Why?

B1 javob:

I prefer working in an office. At home I have a lot of distractions, for example my little brother is always noisy. In the office I can talk with my colleagues and ask questions when I have a problem. But sometimes working from home is good, because I don’t spend time in traffic. I think two days at home is OK.

B1 belgilari: shaxsiy va aniq misol, oddiy bog‘lovchilar (because, but, for example), fikr bor, lekin tahlil qisqa. So‘z boyligi kundalik: good, OK, a lot of.

B2 javob:

On balance, I’d rather work in an office, mainly because I find it easier to concentrate there. At home it’s tempting to check my phone or do housework, whereas in the office the routine keeps me focused. That said, remote work clearly has its advantages. I’d save over an hour a day on commuting, which matters a lot in a city like Tashkent. So ideally I’d like a mix, maybe three days in the office and two at home.

B2 belgilari: ikki tomonni tortishtiradi (whereas, that said), aniq xulosa beradi, so‘zlar aniqroq (tempting, routine, commuting). Javob tuzilgan, lekin hali asosan shaxsiy tajriba atrofida.

C1 javob:

Honestly, it depends on the kind of work. For anything that needs deep concentration, like writing code or preparing a report, I’m far more productive at home, where nobody interrupts me. But I’ve noticed that the informal side of office life, such as overhearing a conversation or asking a quick question over coffee, is surprisingly hard to replace online, particularly for new employees who are still learning how things work. So I wouldn’t frame it as a choice between the two. The more interesting question is which tasks actually benefit from people being together.

C1 belgilari: savolni qayta shakllantiradi (I wouldn’t frame it as…), shaxsiy tajribadan umumiy xulosaga o‘tadi, nuans va ehtiyotkorlik bor (surprisingly, particularly), so‘zlar aniq va tabiiy birikmalarda (deep concentration, the informal side of office life).

E’tibor bering: C1 javob B2 dan “qiyin so‘zlar” bilan emas, fikrning aniqligi va moslashuvchanligi bilan farq qiladi.

Writing: bir mavzuda uch daraja

Topshiriq (mashq uchun): Should public transport be free in big cities? Bir paragraf.

B1:

I think public transport should be free. Many students and old people don’t have much money, and the bus is expensive for them. If the bus is free, more people will use it and there will be less cars on the road.

Pozitsiya va sabab bor, gaplar oddiy. Less cars xato (to‘g‘risi fewer cars), lekin ma’noni buzmaydi: B1 matnda bunday xatolar tabiiy.

B2:

Making public transport free would bring clear benefits, particularly for students and pensioners on low incomes. It could also persuade some drivers to leave their cars at home, which would reduce congestion. However, the lost income from tickets would have to be covered by taxes, and if services became overcrowded, their quality might fall. On balance, I believe reduced fares for certain groups would be a more realistic option.

Afzallik va kamchilik tortishtirilgan, shart gaplar (would, could, if … became) to‘g‘ri, xulosa aniq.

C1:

Free public transport is often presented as a simple way to cut traffic, but its effect on car use is less certain than it might seem. Price is only one reason people drive; journey time, comfort and reliability matter just as much. A city that abolished fares without improving frequency might simply fill its buses with people who previously walked, while drivers stayed in their cars. Free travel therefore makes most sense as part of a wider strategy rather than as a stand-alone measure.

Umumiy fikrni shubha ostiga oladi, sabablar zanjiri bor, so‘zlar aniq (abolished fares, stand-alone measure), uslub akademik va bir tekis.

Har daraja uchun “can do” misollar

B1 — siz qila olasiz:

• Mehmonxona qabulxonasida xonadagi muammoni tushuntirish va yechim so‘rash.
• Hamkasbingizga dam olish kunlaringiz va kelgusi rejalaringizni aytib berish.
• Ko‘rgan filmingiz syujetini va sizga nima yoqqanini gapirib berish.
• Do‘stingizga Toshkentdagi yangi ishingiz haqida oddiy email yozish.

B2 — siz qila olasiz:

• Universitet seminarida muhokamaga qo‘shilib, o‘z fikringizni dalil bilan himoya qilish.
• Ish suhbatida nega aynan shu lavozimga mosligingizni misollar bilan tushuntirish.
• Masofaviy ishning afzallik va kamchiliklari haqida essay yozish.
• Rasmiy shikoyat xatini mos ohangda yozish.

C1 — siz qila olasiz:

• IT loyihangiz taqdimotini o‘tkazib, kutilmagan savollarga tayyorgarliksiz javob berish.
• Muzokarada ohangni o‘zgartirib, qat’iy lekin muloyim qarshi taklif aytish.
• Bir mavzuda ham rasmiy hisobot, ham norasmiy xabar yozib, uslubni o‘quvchiga moslash.
• Uzun maqoladagi muallifning yashirin munosabatini (kinoya, shubha) sezish.

Mashq: tavsifni darajaga moslang

Quyidagi 9 ta tavsif Yevropa Kengashi tavsiflarining qayta ifodasi. Har biriga B1, B2 yoki C1 ni yozing.

1. Film syujetini gapirib berib, unga munosabatingizni ayta olasiz.
2. Dolzarb masala bo‘yicha fikringizni turli variantlarning afzallik va kamchiliklari bilan tushuntira olasiz.
3. Yozish uslubini o‘quvchiga moslay olasiz.
4. Do‘stingizga tajriba va taassurotlaringiz haqida oddiy xat yoza olasiz.
5. Tanish vaziyatdagi muhokamada faol qatnashib, fikringizni himoya qila olasiz.
6. Murakkab mavzuni kichik mavzularga bo‘lib, batafsil taqdim etib, mos xulosa bilan yakunlay olasiz.
7. Oila, hobbi, ish, sayohat haqidagi suhbatga tayyorgarliksiz qo‘shila olasiz.
8. So‘z qidirayotganingiz sezilmasdan ravon va o‘z-o‘zidan gapira olasiz.
9. Biror fikr foydasiga yoki qarshisiga sabab keltiruvchi essay yoza olasiz.

Javoblar: 1 — B1; 2 — B2; 3 — C1; 4 — B1; 5 — B2; 6 — C1; 7 — B1; 8 — C1; 9 — B2.

Self-check: qaysi darajadasiz?

Har bir gapga halol javob bering: Ha (ko‘p hollarda qila olaman), Qisman yoki Yo‘q. Speaking va writing uchun alohida belgilang.

B1 bloki:

• Kunim, ishim yoki o‘qishim haqida 1 daqiqa to‘xtamasdan gapira olaman.
• O‘tgan hafta nima bo‘lganini to‘g‘ri o‘tgan zamonda aytib bera olaman.
• Rejam yoki qarorimga 2–3 ta sabab ayta olaman.
• Tanish mavzuda 120–150 so‘zlik xat yoki email yoza olaman.

B2 bloki:

• Tanish bo‘lmagan, lekin umumiy mavzuda (texnologiya, ta’lim, ekologiya) 2 daqiqa fikr bildira olaman.
• Suhbatdoshim bilan rozi bo‘lmasam, buni muloyim aytib, dalil keltira olaman.
• Whereas, although, on the other hand kabi bog‘lovchilarni o‘ylamasdan ishlataman.
• Afzallik va kamchilikni tortishtirib, xulosa bilan tugaydigan essay yoza olaman.

C1 bloki:

• Kutilmagan, mavhum savolga ham pauzasiz, tuzilgan javob bera olaman.
• Probably, it seems, to some extent kabi ifodalar bilan fikrimning ishonchlilik darajasini aniq ko‘rsataman.
• Bitta fikrni rasmiy va norasmiy uslubda ikki xil ifodalay olaman.
• Xatolarim kam va ular tushunishga xalaqit bermaydi.

Qanday o‘qish kerak: bir blokdagi 4 ta gapdan kamida 3 tasiga “Ha” desangiz, o‘sha ko‘nikmada shu darajada ishlashingiz ehtimoli yuqori. Keyingi blokda ko‘p “Qisman” bo‘lsa, aynan shu gaplar sizning keyingi maqsadingiz. Bu norasmiy o‘z-o‘zini baholash, sertifikat emas.

Taxminni tekshirish uchun yozuv qiling: yuqoridagi speaking savoliga telefoningizga 90 soniya javob bering va javobingizni uch namunaning qaysi biriga yaqinligini solishtiring. Batafsilroq test kerak bo‘lsa, A1 dan C1 gacha darajani aniqlash sahifasidagi amaliy tekshiruvdan foydalaning.

O‘zbek o‘quvchilar qayerda to‘xtab qoladi

• B1 da qolib ketish. O‘zi haqida yaxshi gapiradi, lekin mavzu shaxsiydan umumiyga o‘tganda (Why do people…?) jumlalar qisqaradi. Yechim: har kuni bitta umumiy savolga sabab va misol bilan javob berish. Batafsil reja: B1 dan B2 ga.
• Yodlangan qoliplar. In my opinion, I think that it is very important… B2 ko‘rinishini beradi, lekin savolga javob bermaydi.
• B2 dan C1 ga to‘siq. Xatolar kam, lekin fikr bir xil ohangda: nuans, ehtiyotkorlik va uslub almashinuvi yo‘q. Rus tilidan o‘tgan depend from, discuss about kabi xatolar ham shu bosqichda “qotib” qoladi. Reja: B2 dan C1 ga.
• Faqat reading’ga ishonish. Reading B2 bo‘lsa ham, speaking o‘z-o‘zidan B2 bo‘lmaydi. Ko‘nikmalarni alohida o‘lchang.

Milliy sertifikat va IELTS bilan bog‘liqligi

Milliy chet tili sertifikati bo‘yicha rasmiy ma’lumotni Bilim va malakalarni baholash agentligi e’lon qiladi. Agentlikning test formatlari sahifasida multilevel test B1, B2 va C1 darajalarini qamrab olishi hamda tinglab tushunish, o‘qish, yozish va gapirish bo‘limlaridan iborat ekani ko‘rsatilgan. Ball chegaralari, vaqt, savollar soni, sanalar va to‘lov o‘zgarishi mumkin, shuning uchun ularni har safar o‘sha sahifadan va uzbmb.uz saytidan tekshiring.

IELTS natijasini CEFR darajasiga taqqoslash jadvallari bor, lekin ular taxminiy va qabul qiluvchi tashkilot talabi ustun turadi. Qaysi sertifikat sizga kerakligini IELTS yoki CEFR sahifasida tahlil qilganmiz.

BandMate haqida

BandMate asosan gapirish mashqi uchun: Bandi bilan ovozli suhbat, darslar, talaffuz bo‘yicha fikr va IELTS Speaking mock testi. Yuqoridagi self-check’dagi B2 va C1 gaplarini, masalan fikrni asoslash yoki mavhum savolga tuzilgan javob berishni, har kuni ovoz chiqarib mashq qilish mumkin. Ilova sizga rasmiy CEFR darajasi yoki sertifikat bermaydi. Yozma ko‘nikmalar va rasmiy daraja uchun imtihon kerak.

Manbalar

• Council of Europe: The CEFR levels
• Council of Europe: Self-assessment grid (Table 2)
• Council of Europe: Global scale (Table 1)
• Bilim va malakalarni baholash agentligi: chet tili test formatlari
• IELTS: IELTS and the CEFR

BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling