B2 darajadagi lug‘at alohida “qiyin so‘z”lardan emas, birga keladigan iboralardan (collocation) iborat. Ularni yozishda ham, gapirishda ham o‘ylanib qolmasdan ishlata olish kerak. Quyida besh mavzu bo‘yicha 40 ta ibora berilgan. Har birining o‘zbekcha ma’nosi va O‘zbekiston hayotidan olingan misol gapi bor. Oxirida o‘zbek o‘rganuvchilar ko‘p qiladigan lug‘at xatolari va javobli mashq keltirilgan.
Bu ro‘yxat rasmiy “B2 so‘zlar ro‘yxati” emas. Mavzular Speaking va Writing’da tez-tez uchraydigan hayotiy sohalardan tanlangan. Alohida so‘zning CEFR darajasini bilmoqchi bo‘lsangiz, Cambridge’ning English Vocabulary Profile bazasidan tekshiring.
1. Ta’lim
| Ibora | Ma’nosi | Misol gap |
|---|---|---|
| tuition fees | o‘qish to‘lovi, kontrakt | My parents pay my tuition fees in two instalments. |
| meet a deadline | muddatda ulgurmoq | I stayed up late to meet the deadline for my course project. |
| fall behind (with) | ortda qolmoq | I fell behind with maths when I missed two weeks of classes. |
| gain practical experience | amaliy tajriba orttirmoq | Internships help students gain practical experience before they graduate. |
| take an exam | imtihon topshirmoq | I’m going to take the national English exam in December. |
| drop out of | o‘qishni tashlab ketmoq | He dropped out of college to work in his father’s shop. |
| make progress in | …da o‘sish qilmoq | I’ve made real progress in listening since I started using podcasts. |
| a well-rounded education | har tomonlama ta’lim | A well-rounded education includes sport and art, not only exams. |
2. Ish va IT
| Ibora | Ma’nosi | Misol gap |
|---|---|---|
| apply for a position | lavozimga ariza topshirmoq | I applied for a junior developer position at a company in IT Park. |
| work remotely | masofadan ishlamoq | My cousin works remotely for a design studio in Germany. |
| a steady income | barqaror daromad | Many graduates prefer a steady income to a risky start-up. |
| job security | ish joyining barqarorligi | Government jobs are often chosen for their job security. |
| take on responsibility | mas’uliyatni o‘z zimmasiga olmoq | In my second year, I took on more responsibility in the team. |
| a steep learning curve | tez o‘rganishni talab qiladigan davr | The first month was a steep learning curve because everything was in English. |
| meet client expectations | mijoz kutganini qondirmoq | We rewrote the app twice to meet the client’s expectations. |
| be promoted to | …ga ko‘tarilmoq | She was promoted to team lead after only a year. |
3. Texnologiya
| Ibora | Ma’nosi | Misol gap |
|---|---|---|
| rely heavily on | juda ko‘p tayanmoq | Many students rely heavily on translation apps. |
| screen time | ekran oldida o‘tkaziladigan vaqt | I set a limit on my screen time after midnight. |
| access information | ma’lumotga ega bo‘lmoq | Villages now access information as quickly as big cities. |
| raise privacy concerns | maxfiylik bo‘yicha xavotir tug‘dirmoq | Apps that record your voice raise privacy concerns. |
| keep up with | ortda qolmaslik, yangilikdan xabardor bo‘lmoq | It’s hard to keep up with new programming tools. |
| a reliable connection | ishonchli internet aloqasi | Online lessons need a reliable connection. |
| cut down on | kamaytirmoq | I cut down on social media before my exams. |
| be addicted to | …ga qaram bo‘lmoq | Some teenagers are addicted to short videos. |
4. Shahar va atrof-muhit
| Ibora | Ma’nosi | Misol gap |
|---|---|---|
| heavy traffic | tirband yo‘l harakati | There’s always heavy traffic near Chorsu in the evening. |
| public transport | jamoat transporti | I use public transport because parking in the centre is difficult. |
| commute to work | ishga qatnamoq | I commute to work by metro, which takes about 25 minutes. |
| air pollution | havo ifloslanishi | Air pollution gets worse in winter when people heat their homes. |
| green spaces | yashil hududlar, bog‘lar | New housing areas need more green spaces for children. |
| reduce waste | chiqindini kamaytirmoq | Our mahalla started sorting plastic to reduce waste. |
| affordable housing | hamyonbop uy-joy | Young families struggle to find affordable housing in the capital. |
| rapid growth | tez o‘sish | The rapid growth of the city has created new jobs and new problems. |
5. Sog‘liq va turmush tarzi
| Ibora | Ma’nosi | Misol gap |
|---|---|---|
| a balanced diet | muvozanatli ovqatlanish | A balanced diet is hard when you eat fast food every day. |
| get enough sleep | yetarlicha uxlamoq | I don’t get enough sleep during exam season. |
| stay in shape | jismonan chiniqqan bo‘lmoq | I play football on weekends to stay in shape. |
| cope with stress | stressni yengmoq | Walking in the park helps me cope with stress. |
| a sedentary lifestyle | kam harakatli turmush tarzi | Office workers often have a sedentary lifestyle. |
| mental health | ruhiy salomatlik | Schools should talk more openly about mental health. |
| work-life balance | ish va shaxsiy hayot muvozanati | Remote work can improve your work-life balance if you set clear hours. |
| prevent disease | kasallikning oldini olmoq | Regular check-ups help prevent disease. |
Iborani faol lug‘atga o‘tkazish: 4 kunlik sikl
Ro‘yxatni o‘qish iborani tanish qiladi, lekin gapirayotganda uni esga tushirmaydi. Har bir mavzuni shu tartibda ishlang:
- 1-kun, 15 daqiqa. Sakkiz iboraning har biriga o‘z hayotingizdan bitta gap yozing. Misoldagi gapni ko‘chirmang.
- 2-kun, 10 daqiqa. Ro‘yxatni yoping. Mavzu bo‘yicha savolga bir daqiqa gapiring, masalan: How has technology changed the way you study? Yozuvni tinglab, nechta ibora ishlatganingizni sanang.
- 4-kun, 10 daqiqa. Boshqa savolda qayta sinab ko‘ring: Should parents limit their children’s screen time? Birinchi kuni esga tushmagan iboralarni endi ongli ravishda qo‘shing.
- Keyingi hafta. Beshta mavzudan tasodifiy savol oling. Kamida to‘rtta iborani tayyorlanmasdan ishlata olsangiz, ular faol lug‘atga o‘tgan.
Takrorlash oraliqlari haqida batafsil spaced repetition qo‘llanmasida o‘qing. Kengroq mavzular ro‘yxati CEFR vocabulary topics maqolasida bor.
O‘zbek o‘rganuvchilarning lug‘at xatolari
Bu xatolarning ko‘pi o‘zbekcha yoki ruscha iborani so‘zma-so‘z tarjima qilishdan kelib chiqadi.
| Xato | To‘g‘ri | Sababi |
|---|---|---|
| make a photo | take a photo | ruscha “сделать фото” |
| do a mistake | make a mistake | do/make farqi |
| give an exam | take / sit an exam | “imtihon topshirmoq”ni so‘zma-so‘z tarjima qilish |
| I passed the exam, but I don’t know my result yet | I took the exam… | pass “muvaffaqiyatli o‘tmoq” degani |
| strong rain, big traffic | heavy rain, heavy traffic | ruscha “сильный дождь” |
| open / close the light | turn on / turn off the light | “chiroqni och” |
| learn at university | study at university | learn ko‘nikma uchun, study o‘quv jarayoni uchun |
| in the internet | on the internet | ruscha “в интернете” |
Mashq: bo‘sh joyni to‘ldiring
Har bir gapga yuqoridagi ro‘yxatdan bitta ibora qo‘ying. Kerak bo‘lsa fe’l shaklini o‘zgartiring.
- After I changed jobs, I finally had time to ______ and cook at home.
- The new metro line should reduce ______ on the ring road.
- She ______ with her studies when she started working full-time.
- We need to ______ if we want the app to launch next week.
- Face recognition in shops can ______ among customers.
- I ______ by bus, but it takes almost an hour.
- Freelancers often don’t have ______, so they save money every month.
- He ______ senior engineer last spring.
- It’s difficult to ______ all the changes in artificial intelligence.
- Sitting at a desk for ten hours a day leads to ______.
Javoblar: 1 — get enough sleep (yoki stay in shape); 2 — heavy traffic; 3 — fell behind; 4 — meet the deadline; 5 — raise privacy concerns; 6 — commute to work; 7 — a steady income; 8 — was promoted to; 9 — keep up with; 10 — a sedentary lifestyle.
Sakkiz va undan ko‘p to‘g‘ri javob bo‘lsa, keyingi bosqichga o‘ting: har bir to‘ldirilgan gapni o‘zingiz haqingizdagi yangi gapga aylantirib, ovoz chiqarib ayting.
BandMate bilan
BandMateda Bandi bilan ovozli suhbatda ta’lim, ish yoki shahar mavzusini tanlab, 2-kun va 4-kun mashqlarini qilishingiz mumkin. Ilova suhbatdan keyin grammatika va talaffuz bo‘yicha fikr bildiradi, darslar esa yangi iboralarni takrorlashga yordam beradi. Iboraning ishlatilishini tanlash baribir sizning ishingiz: sun’iy intellekt fikri rasmiy baho emas.
