IELTS Listening Section 4: ma’ruza transkripti va note completion

IELTS Listening Section 4 bu bitta ma’ruzachining akademik mavzudagi monologi. Unda 31–40-savollar bor va ular amalda ko‘pincha konspekt (note completion) ko‘rinishida beriladi. Bu qismda yutadigan ko‘nikma: ma’ruzachi yangi bo‘limga o‘tganini eshitish va bo‘sh joyga qaysi turdagi so‘z kerakligini oldindan bilish.

Quyida ma’ruza signallari jadvali, qadamma-qadam tayyorgarlik, mashq uchun yozilgan to‘liq ma’ruza, 10 ta savol va har bir javob izohi bor. Ma’ruza matni mashq uchun yozilgan, u rasmiy IELTS materiali emas.

Section 4 formati

Rasmiy formatga ko‘ra, to‘rtinchi qismda akademik mavzuda faqat bir kishi gapiradi. Yozuv bir marta eshittiriladi. Bo‘sh joy to‘ldirish savollarida so‘z chegarasi beriladi, masalan, NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER, va chegaradan ko‘p yozilgan javob uchun ball berilmaydi.

Section 3 bilan solishtirganda farq shunday:

Ma’ruzachi bir fikrni ikki marta aytmaydi, suhbatdoshi yo‘q, u to‘xtab savol ham bermaydi. Shu sababli bitta bo‘sh joyda qotib qolish keyingi ikki-uchtasini yo‘qotishga olib keladi.

Ma’ruza signallari

Konspekt sarlavhalari ma’ruzachining tuzilishiga mos keladi. Signalni eshitsangiz, ko‘zingizni keyingi sarlavhaga o‘tkazing.

Audio boshlanishidan oldin: 45 soniyalik reja

1. Sarlavhalarni o‘qing. Ular ma’ruza rejasi. Masalan, Shape, Building material, Making ice, Storage bo‘lsa, ma’ruzachi shu tartibda gapiradi.
2. Har bo‘sh joyning grammatik turini yozing. Oldida a bo‘lsa birlikdagi ot, two yoki several bo‘lsa ko‘plik, more/less bo‘lsa ot yoki sifat. Bo‘sh joy tepasiga kichik “n”, “pl”, “adj” deb belgilang.
3. So‘z chegarasini aylana ichiga oling. ONE WORD ONLY va TWO WORDS bir test ichida almashishi mumkin.
4. Kalit so‘zning sinonimini o‘ylang. Konspektda resists heat bo‘lsa, ma’ruzada heat can’t get through aytilishi mumkin.

Mashq ma’ruzasi: savollar 31–40

Topshiriq. Konspektni to‘ldiring. Har bir javob uchun ko‘pi bilan IKKI SO‘Z yozing.

Yakhchals: ancient ice houses

Shape

• 31. The part above the ground is a tall, ________ shaped structure.
• 32. The main storage space is located ________.

Building material

• 33. A mortar called sarooj contained sand, clay, lime, ash and ________.
• 34. This material does not let ________ or water pass through.

Making ice

• 35. Water arrived through underground ________ called qanats.
• 36. On winter nights it was poured into shallow ________.
• 37. A high ________ on the south side kept the water in shade.

Storage and use

• 38. Melted water ran into a ________ at the bottom and froze again.
• 39. Modern architects study yakhchals to design buildings that use less ________.
• 40. The topic of the next lecture: ________.

Transkript (mashq uchun yozilgan):

Today I’m going to talk about a kind of building that allowed people in hot, dry regions to keep ice through the summer long before electricity existed. In Persian these buildings are called yakhchals, which literally means “ice pits”.

Let’s start with their shape. What you see from the outside is a very tall structure shaped like a cone, or sometimes a dome with a stepped surface. But that’s only half of the building. The actual storage space is underground, which is where temperatures stay lowest.

Turning now to the building material. The walls were made with a special mortar called sarooj. It was a mixture of sand, clay, lime and ash, and many descriptions also mention goat hair, which helped to hold everything together. Some accounts add egg whites as well, but that’s less certain. What’s important is the result: sarooj is extremely resistant to heat, and water can’t get through it either.

So where did the ice come from? The water was brought from the mountains through underground channels called qanats. In winter, on the coldest nights, it was let into shallow pools next to the yakhchal. Now, you might expect these pools to be in the open, but in fact builders put up a high wall on the south side, so the pools stayed in shade during the day and the ice formed more quickly.

Once the ice was thick enough, workers cut it into blocks and carried it inside. Of course, some ice always melted. However, the melted water didn’t go to waste. It ran down into a trench at the bottom of the pit, where it simply froze again.

To sum up, yakhchals were a clever combination of shape, materials and water management. That’s why modern architects are studying them: they’re interested in buildings that stay cool while using far less energy. In our next session, we’ll look at another traditional cooling system from the same region, the windcatcher.

Avval o‘zingiz yeching, keyin javoblarni tekshiring. Eng yaxshisi, transkriptni kimgadir ovoz chiqarib, oddiy tezlikda o‘qiting va o‘zingiz faqat savollarga qarang.

Javoblar:

• 31 — cone. Shaped like a cone, or sometimes a dome. Ikkala shakl ham aytildi; or sometimes ikkinchisi kamroq uchrashini bildiradi. Konspektda a tall ________ shaped qolipi bor, cone asosiy javob.
• 32 — underground. The actual storage space is underground. Below ground ham ma’noni beradi, lekin ma’ruzadagi so‘zni yozish xavfsizroq.
• 33 — goat hair. Ikki so‘z, chegaraga sig‘adi. Egg whites tuzoq: that’s less certain deb shubha bildirildi.
• 34 — heat. Resistant to heat, and water can’t get through it = does not let heat or water pass through.
• 35 — channels. Ko‘plik shakli muhim: channels called qanats ko‘plikda. Channel deb yozish xato.
• 36 — pools. Shallow pools aynan eshitiladi. Yana ko‘plik.
• 37 — wall. You might expect… but in fact noto‘g‘ri taxminni rad etadi va javobni beradi.
• 38 — trench. However, the melted water didn’t go to waste signalidan keyin keladi.
• 39 — energy. Far less energy. Electricity boshida boshqa kontekstda aytilgan, u bu yerga mos emas.
• 40 — windcatcher yoki the windcatcher. In our next session oxirgi savol signali. Chegarada ikki so‘z bo‘lgani uchun artikl bilan yozish ham sig‘adi.

8–10 ta to‘g‘ri bo‘lsa, rasmiy namuna testlardagi to‘liq Section 4 ga o‘ting. 7 tadan kam bo‘lsa, xatolarni pastdagi jadval bo‘yicha turlang.

O‘zbek nomzodlarning Section 4 dagi xatolari

Ko‘plik -s haqida alohida gapirish kerak. O‘zbek tilida “ikkita kanal” deymiz, son bilan ot birlikda qoladi. Ingliz tilida esa two channels. Tinglashda so‘z oxiridagi -s juda qisqa eshitiladi, shuning uchun uni grammatikadan kelib chiqib tekshiring. Imlo xatolarining kengroq ro‘yxati IELTS Listening spelling xatolari sahifasida.

Mini-mashq: signalning vazifasi

Har bir jumlada ma’ruzachi nima qilyapti? A yangi bo‘lim, B misol, C eski qarashni rad etish, D xulosa.

• 1. It was long believed that the walls were painted white for decoration, but recent studies suggest a practical purpose.
• 2. Moving on to the question of cost…
• 3. Take the city of Yazd, for instance.
• 4. So, overall, the evidence points in one direction.
• 5. Let’s now consider how the water was transported.

Javoblar: 1 — C, 2 — A, 3 — B, 4 — D, 5 — A.

Haqiqiy audio bilan haftalik ish

Section 4 ni faqat test yechib emas, uzunroq ma’ruzalar bilan ham mashq qiling. Haftada ikki-uch marta 5–7 daqiqalik ilmiy-ommabop video yoki podkastni tanlang va quyidagi tartibda ishlang:

1. Videoni ko‘rmasdan faqat eshiting va qog‘ozga 4–5 ta sarlavha hamda har biriga 2–3 kalit so‘z yozing.
2. Subtitrni yoqib qayta ko‘ring va o‘tkazib yuborgan signallarni belgilang.
3. Konspektingizdan foydalanib, ma’ruzani 1 daqiqada inglizcha qisqacha aytib bering.

Uchinchi qadam tinglash va gapirishni bog‘laydi: akademik so‘zni o‘zingiz aytsangiz, keyingi safar uni tezroq taniysiz. Undan oldingi qism, talabalar muhokamasi uchun IELTS Listening Section 3 qo‘llanmasiga qarang. Rasmiy formatga yaqin audio uchun IELTS tashkilotlarining bepul namuna testlaridan foydalaning; boshqa bo‘limlar IELTS sahifasida.

BandMate nimaga yordam beradi

BandMate IELTS Listening testini o‘tkazmaydi. Yuqoridagi uchinchi qadamni, ya’ni eshitgan mavzuni o‘z so‘zlaringiz bilan aytib berishni esa Bandi bilan ovozli suhbatda mashq qilishingiz mumkin: u savol beradi, siz tushuntirasiz, ilova talaffuz bo‘yicha fikr bildiradi. IELTS Speaking mock testi ham bor. AI fikri rasmiy band emas.

Manbalar

• IELTS: Academic Listening testining rasmiy formati va savol turlari

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