IELTS Listening sentence completion: grammatika va so‘z chegarasi

Sentence completion savolida sizga yozuv mazmunini qisqa bayon qiladigan gaplar beriladi va har bir gapdagi bo‘shliqni audioda eshitgan so‘z yoki raqam bilan to‘ldirasiz. To‘g‘ri javob gapga grammatik jihatdan mos tushadi, ko‘rsatmadagi so‘z chegarasidan oshmaydi va to‘g‘ri yoziladi. Gaplar yozuvni so‘zma-so‘z takrorlamaydi, shuning uchun siz ma’noni kuzatasiz, bo‘shliqqa esa faqat eshitgan so‘zingizni yozasiz.

Forma to‘ldirishda asosiy qiyinchilik ism, raqam va harflash bo‘lsa (u haqda form completion sahifasi), sentence completion’da ikki narsa hal qiladi: bo‘shliq atrofidagi grammatika va gap bilan yozuv o‘rtasidagi parafraz. Quyida ikkalasi uchun usul, tahlil qilinadigan namunaviy ma’ruza va ikki javobli mashq bor. Ma’ruza mashq uchun yozilgan, u rasmiy IELTS materiali emas.

Rasmiy qoidalar: nimaga tayanamiz

IELTS’ning rasmiy Listening formati bo‘yicha test 4 qism va 40 savoldan iborat, taxminan 30 daqiqa davom etadi, yozuvlar faqat bir marta eshittiriladi va har bir to‘g‘ri javob 1 ball beradi. Sentence completion topshirig‘i uchun muhim qoidalar:

Bo‘shliqlar yozuvdagi ma’lumot bilan to‘ldiriladi.
Ko‘rsatmadagi so‘z chegarasi majburiy. Rasmiy namunada NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER keltirilgan; chegaradan oshgan javob ball olmaydi.
They’re kabi qisqartirilgan shakllar tekshirilmaydi, check-in kabi defisli so‘z bitta so‘z hisoblanadi.

Imlo ham baholanadi. IDP’ning imlo bo‘yicha maqolasiga ko‘ra noto‘g‘ri yozilgan javob to‘g‘ri deb hisoblanmaydi. British Council esa britancha va amerikancha imlo ikkalasi qabul qilinishini yozadi: colour ham, color ham to‘g‘ri, asosiysi so‘z xatosiz bo‘lsin.

Amaliy testlarda sentence completion ko‘pincha ma’ruza yoki talabalar muhokamasi bilan birga keladi. Bunday matnlar tuzilishi IELTS Listening Section 4 sahifasida tahlil qilingan.

Bo‘shliq atrofidagi so‘zlar javob turini aytib beradi

Audio boshlanishidan oldin har bir gapni bo‘shliqdan keyingi so‘zlar bilan birga o‘qing. O‘zbek tilida kesim gap oxirida turadi va biz ma’noni oxirgi so‘zdan kutamiz; ingliz gapida esa bo‘shliqdan keyingi of the soil yoki per cent javobning yarmini oldindan aytib qo‘yadi.

Gapdagi signal	Kutiladigan javob	Misol
a / an + ____ + nuqta	birlikdagi sanaladigan ot	They joined a ____. → cooperative
two, several, many + ____	ko‘plikdagi ot	She interviewed several ____. → farmers
a lack of, less, much + ____	sanalmaydigan ot	a lack of ____ → land
a / the + ____ + ot	sifat yoki birikmaning birinchi qismi	a ____ method → traditional
can, must, to + ____	fe’lning bosh shakli	Minerals can ____ the pipes. → block
was / were / became + ____	sifat yoki ot	The fruit was more ____. → uniform
____ + per cent, metres, kilos	raqam	____ per cent → 40
in + ____ (vaqt ma’nosida)	yil, oy yoki fasl	in ____ → 2019

Har bir bo‘shliq yoniga qalam bilan bitta belgi qo‘ying: O (ot), Ko‘ (ko‘plik), S (sifat), F (fe’l), R (raqam). Audio paytida bu belgi tanlovni toraytiradi: a strong ____ yonida O turgan bo‘lsa, hot sifatini yozishga qo‘lingiz bormaydi.

Gap va yozuv: parafrazni ushlash

Savollardagi gaplar audio tartibida keladi, lekin boshqa so‘zlar bilan. Kalit so‘zni kutib o‘tirsangiz, u umuman eshitilmasligi mumkin. Uning o‘rniga sinonimni yoki xuddi shu fikrning boshqacha aytilishini kuting.

Savoldagi gap	Yozuvda eshitiladi	Javob
The main aim was to reduce ____.	what we really wanted was to cut down on water use	water use
The project was delayed by ____.	we couldn’t start on time because the permits took ages	permits
Participants were mostly ____.	the majority of the people who took part were pensioners	pensioners
The speaker recommends keeping a ____.	my advice would be to write everything down in a diary	diary

Javob so‘zining o‘zi deyarli har doim audioda aynan aytiladi; parafraz faqat uning atrofida bo‘ladi. Agar siz yozmoqchi bo‘lgan so‘z gapga grammatik mos kelmasa, ko‘pincha noto‘g‘ri joyni tanlagansiz yoki so‘z oxiridagi -s, -ed tovushini eshitmagansiz. Boshqa odamning gapini tuzatish, fikr o‘zgarishi kabi tuzoqlar Listening distractors sahifasida alohida ko‘rilgan.

So‘z chegarasi: gapning o‘zida turgan so‘zni takrorlamang

Sentence completion’dagi eng tipik chegara xatosi — gapda allaqachon bosilgan so‘zni javobga qo‘shib yozish.

Gap (TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER)	Audioda	To‘g‘ri	Xato va sababi
They checked the ____ of the soil.	the moisture of the soil	moisture	moisture of soil — gapdagi so‘z takrorlandi
The team covered the beds with plastic ____.	plastic sheets	sheets	plastic sheets — plastic gapda bor
Water use fell by ____ per cent.	about forty per cent	40	about 40 — about ortiqcha
Visitors should bring a ____.	a packed lunch	packed lunch	a packed lunch — 3 so‘z
The course lasts ____.	eighteen months	18 months	one and a half years — boshqa shakl, 5 so‘z
Results were checked by a ____.	a long-term study	long-term study	long term study — defissiz 3 so‘z bo‘lib qoladi

Javobni yozib bo‘lgach, butun gapni ichingizda o‘qing: Water use fell by 40 per cent. Gap grammatik to‘g‘ri va tabiiy eshitilsa, javob joyida.

O‘zbekcha fikrlash qayerda xalaqit beradi

Ko‘plik shakli. O‘zbekchada “bir nechta fermer” deymiz, ot birlikda qoladi. She interviewed several farmer degan javob xato: farmers.
Artikl bilan chegaradan oshish. O‘zbek va rus tillarida artikl yo‘q, shuning uchun uni eshitganimizdek yozib yuboramiz. NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS ko‘rsatmasida the harvest season uch so‘z bo‘ladi.
So‘z oxiridagi undoshlar. O‘zbek tinglovchi mixed va mix, blocks va block farqini ko‘pincha sezmaydi, chunki o‘zbek tilida so‘z oxiridagi undoshlar to‘dasi kam. Bo‘shliq oldidagi grammatika (two ____, was ____) bu yerda sug‘urta vazifasini bajaradi.
Tanish so‘zni “to‘g‘rilash”. Audioda pensioners eshitildi, lekin o‘quvchi old people deb yozadi, chunki fikr o‘zbekcha “qariyalar” orqali o‘tdi. Ma’no to‘g‘ri, lekin bu eshitilgan so‘z emas va chegara ham buziladi.

Mashq 1: namunaviy ma’ruza

Complete the sentences below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.

Avval gaplarni o‘qing va har bir bo‘shliqqa javob turini belgilang. Keyin transkriptni do‘stingizga ovoz chiqarib o‘qiting yoki o‘zingiz bir marta o‘qing va to‘xtamasdan javob yozing.

1. Because of a lack of ____, the group tested fewer methods than planned.
2. The field was divided into ____ plots.
3. Before planting, the students checked the ____ of the soil in each plot.
4. One student recorded the water for each plot every ____.
5. Some young plants were damaged by a strong ____.
6. The drip plots used about ____ per cent less water.
7. The fruit from the drip plots was more ____ in size.
8. Minerals in the water can ____ the small holes in the pipes.
9. The students suggested that farmers share equipment through a ____.

Transkript:

Today I want to tell you about a small field experiment carried out by a group of agriculture students near Fergana. Their question was simple: can farmers grow the same amount of tomatoes with less water? At first the group planned to compare three irrigation methods, but they soon realised they didn’t have enough land, so in the end they compared just two: traditional furrow irrigation and drip irrigation.
They divided a field into sixteen plots. Half of them received water through channels between the rows, the traditional way, and the other half through thin plastic pipes that take water directly to the roots. Before planting, the students measured the moisture of the soil in every plot, because they wanted all the plots to start in the same condition.
The experiment ran from May to September. Every morning one student was responsible for recording how much water each plot received. I should say that the weather was a real challenge. July was unusually hot, and in the second week a strong wind damaged some of the young plants, so two plots had to be removed from the results.
So what did they find? The drip plots used around forty per cent less water. Many people expect the harvest to fall when you reduce water, but in fact the drip plots produced slightly more fruit. The tomatoes were also more uniform in size, which matters a lot to wholesale buyers.
The main disadvantage was cost. The pipes have to be bought, and they need regular cleaning, because minerals in the water can block the small holes. So the students’ recommendation was that farmers should share equipment through a cooperative, rather than each family buying its own.

Mashq 1 javoblari

1 — land. A lack of dan keyin sanalmaydigan ot. Three va two raqamlari shu gap atrofida aytiladi, lekin savol sababni so‘rayapti.
2 — 16. Raqam bilan yozing.
3 — moisture. Of the soil gapda bor, uni takrorlamang.
4 — morning. Every dan keyin birlik. Mornings xato.
5 — wind. Hot va heat distractor: a strong ____ ot talab qiladi va zararni shamol keltirgan.
6 — 40. Per cent gapda bosilgan. Around yozilmaydi.
7 — uniform. More ____ in size sifat talab qiladi.
8 — block. Can dan keyin fe’lning bosh shakli; blocks xato.
9 — cooperative (co-operative ham to‘g‘ri imlo). A dan keyin birlikdagi ot; equipment gapda bor.

9 tadan 8–9 tasi to‘g‘ri bo‘lsa, real Part 3 va Part 4 yozuvlariga o‘ting. Xatolaringizni turga ajrating: grammatika, chegara, imlo yoki distractor. Imlo xatolari ko‘p bo‘lsa, spelling xatolari ro‘yxati bilan ishlang.

Mashq 2: qaysi javob ball oladi?

Ko‘rsatma hamma bandlar uchun bir xil: NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER. Har bir yozilgan javob to‘g‘rimi yoki yo‘qmi? Xato bo‘lsa, to‘g‘ri variantni yozing.

1. The museum closes at ____ on Sundays. Yozilgan javob: half past five
2. Students must submit two ____ by Friday. Yozilgan javob: essay
3. The speaker describes the method as ____. Yozilgan javob: cost-effective
4. The research was paid for by a local ____. Yozilgan javob: bussiness
5. Each group will present its findings in the ____. Yozilgan javob: final week
6. The survey was sent to about ____ households. Yozilgan javob: two hundred

Mashq 2 javoblari

1 — xato. Uch so‘z. 5.30 deb yozing.
2 — xato. Two dan keyin ko‘plik: essays.
3 — to‘g‘ri. Defisli so‘z bitta so‘z hisoblanadi.
4 — xato. Imlo: business.
5 — to‘g‘ri. Ikki so‘z, the gapda bor.
6 — to‘g‘ri, chegara ichida. Lekin 200 deb yozish qisqaroq va imlo xavfini yo‘qotadi.

Ma’ruzani gapirib qayta aytish: BandMate

BandMate ilovasi IELTS Listening testini o‘tkazmaydi, lekin sentence completion uchun foydali bitta ko‘nikmani mashq qilishga yordam beradi: eshitgan matnni o‘z so‘zlaringiz bilan qayta aytish. Yuqoridagi ma’ruzani o‘qib bo‘lgach, Bandi bilan suhbatda uni bir daqiqada qayta hikoya qiling va moisture, uniform, cooperative kabi so‘zlarni ishlating. Ilova talaffuz bo‘yicha fikr beradi, jumladan so‘z oxiridagi tovushlar haqida. Bu fikr taxminiy, rasmiy IELTS bandi emas.

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