Skimming bu matnni tez ko‘zdan kechirib, har bir paragraf nima haqida ekanini bilib olish. Scanning esa aniq bir narsani, masalan, ism, sana, raqam yoki terminni izlab, qolgan hamma narsani o‘tkazib yuborish. IELTS Reading’da ikkalasi javobni topish uchun kerak, lekin javobni tasdiqlash uchun topilgan jumlani baribir diqqat bilan o‘qiysiz.
Quyida ikki usul farqi jadvalda, qadamma-qadam tartib, mashq uchun yozilgan matn va taymer bilan bajariladigan ikki topshiriq javoblari bilan berilgan. Matn va undagi ism-raqamlar mashq uchun o‘ylab topilgan, ular rasmiy IELTS materiali emas.
Nega bu IELTS’da kerak
IELTS’ning rasmiy Reading formati bo‘yicha Academic Reading’da uch bo‘lim, jami 2 150–2 750 so‘z va 40 savol bor, vaqt 60 daqiqa. Oddiy hisob: har bo‘limga taxminan 20 daqiqa, uning ichida 800–900 so‘zli matn va 13–14 savol. Har bir so‘zni ikki-uch marta o‘qisangiz, vaqt yetmaydi. Skimming va scanning o‘qishni to‘xtatmaydi, balki diqqatli o‘qishni kerakli ikki-uch jumlaga yo‘naltiradi.
Farqi bir jadvalda
| Skimming | Scanning | |
|---|---|---|
| Savol | “Bu paragraf nima haqida?” | “X qayerda yozilgan?” |
| Nimaga qaraysiz | Sarlavha, paragraf boshi, burilish so‘zlari | Katta harf, raqam, birlik, noyob so‘z |
| Tezlik | Bir paragrafga 10–20 soniya | Bitta narsa uchun 20–40 soniya |
| Natija | Paragraf chetida 2–4 so‘zli belgi | Barmoq yoki qalam kerakli jumlada |
| Qaysi savollarga | Matching headings, umumiy multiple choice | Sana, ism, raqam, sentence completion |
| Nimani qilmaydi | Detalni tasdiqlamaydi | Ma’noni tushuntirmaydi |
Oxirgi qator eng muhimi. Ko‘p nomzod kalit so‘zni topishi bilan javobni yozadi. To‘g‘ri tartib: scanning bilan jumlani toping, keyin shu jumlani va undan keyingisini sekin o‘qing.
Skimming: 90 soniyalik tartib
- Sarlavha va kirish jumlasini o‘qing. Matn mavzusi va yo‘nalishi.
- Har paragrafning birinchi jumlasini o‘qing, qolganini ko‘z bilan tez “siljiting”. However, but, not everything kabi burilish so‘zini ko‘rsangiz, o‘sha jumlani ham o‘qing.
- Paragraf chetiga 2–4 so‘z yozing: “start”, “early problems”, “growth”, “school”.
- To‘xtamang. Notanish so‘z ustida qolmang, lug‘atga qaramang.
Scanning: nimani izlash oson
Scanning’dan oldin savoldan izlanadigan narsaning ko‘rinishini aniqlang. Ko‘z so‘zni emas, shaklni tezroq topadi.
| Savolda | Matnda qanday ko‘rinadi |
|---|---|
| Kim? | Katta harf bilan ism: Margaret Ellis |
| Qachon? | Raqam, oy yoki kun: 2021, March, Thursday |
| Qancha? | Raqam va birlik: six square metres, forty tonnes |
| Necha marta? | So‘z bilan yozilgan son: twice, a quarter, a dozen |
| Termin | Kursiv, qo‘shtirnoq yoki qavs ichidagi so‘z |
Diqqat: IELTS’da savol kalit so‘zi matnda ko‘pincha boshqacha aytiladi. Savolda How big, matnda about six square metres; savolda leave, matnda step down. Shu sababli sinonimga emas, javobning ko‘rinishiga qarab izlang: o‘lcham so‘ralsa, birlik izlang.
Mashq matni: The Riverside Community Garden
A In spring 2019, a group of residents in Millbrook asked the town council for permission to turn an empty car park beside the river into a vegetable garden. The council agreed to a two-year trial, on condition that the group paid for its own tools and seeds.
B The first season was difficult. The ground under the old car park was poor, and volunteers had to bring in around forty tonnes of soil. Only eleven people came to the opening day, and by August most of the lettuce had been eaten by rabbits. A low fence, built the following winter, solved the problem.
C Numbers grew steadily after that. By 2021 the garden had 64 registered members, and the council extended the agreement for a further ten years. Plots are now shared: each family pays a small annual fee and receives a bed of about six square metres.
D The organisers are proudest of the teaching programme. Every Thursday afternoon, pupils from two nearby primary schools spend an hour at the garden, where a retired biology teacher, Margaret Ellis, leads sessions on composting and insects. More than three hundred children have taken part so far.
E Not everything has gone to plan. A rainwater collection system installed in 2022 cost twice the original estimate, and a planned café was abandoned when the group could not find a volunteer to run it. Some members also complain that decisions are taken by a small committee without enough discussion.
F Over the next five years, the group hopes to add a greenhouse and to open the garden to the public at weekends. It is also looking for a new chairperson, since the current one, David Okafor, will step down in March.
1-topshiriq: skimming, 90 soniya
Taymerni 90 soniyaga qo‘ying. Matnni skimming bilan ko‘rib chiqing, keyin matnga qaytmasdan javob bering: qaysi paragraf (A–F) asosan quyidagi haqida?
- 1. disappointments in recent years
- 2. hopes for the future
- 3. how the project began
- 4. work with local children
Javoblar: 1 — E (Not everything has gone to plan), 2 — F (Over the next five years… hopes), 3 — A (asked the town council for permission), 4 — D (pupils… teaching programme).
1-savolda B ham muammolar haqida, lekin u birinchi mavsum, ya’ni boshlanish davri. In recent years so‘zi E ni ajratadi. Skimming bilan ham shu farqni ko‘rish mumkin, agar paragraf boshidagi vaqt belgilariga qarasangiz: The first season va 2022.
2-topshiriq: scanning, 3 daqiqa
Taymerni 3 daqiqaga qo‘ying. Har bir savolga qisqa javob yozing. Avval izlanadigan narsaning ko‘rinishini aniqlang, keyin izlang.
- 5. How much soil did volunteers bring in?
- 6. In which year did the council extend the agreement?
- 7. What is the size of each family’s bed?
- 8. On which day do schoolchildren visit the garden?
- 9. Who leads the sessions on insects?
- 10. How did the real cost of the rainwater system compare with the estimate?
- 11. In which month will the current chairperson leave?
Javoblar:
- 5 — about forty tonnes. Ko‘rinish: raqam va birlik. Raqam so‘z bilan yozilgan, 40 izlagan ko‘z uni o‘tkazib yuboradi.
- 6 — 2021. Tuzoq: matnda to‘rtta yil bor. Extended so‘zi aynan C paragrafidagi jumlada.
- 7 — about six square metres. Ko‘rinish: birlik. Savoldagi size matnda yo‘q.
- 8 — Thursday. Hafta kuni katta harf bilan, tez topiladi.
- 9 — Margaret Ellis. Matndagi ikki ismdan biri. Insects uni tasdiqlaydi.
- 10 — it was twice as much / double. Cost twice the original estimate. So‘z bilan yozilgan son.
- 11 — March. Savoldagi leave = matndagi step down.
3 daqiqada 7 tadan 6–7 ta to‘g‘ri bo‘lsa, scanning yaxshi ishlayapti. 5 va 10 da xato qilgan bo‘lsangiz, ko‘zingiz faqat raqamlarni izlayapti: so‘z bilan yozilgan sonlarni ham qidirishni mashq qiling.
O‘zbek o‘quvchilari nimada qiynaladi
- Har bir so‘zni ichida talaffuz qilish. Maktabda ovoz chiqarib o‘qishga o‘rganganlar skimming paytida ham har bir so‘zni “eshitadi”. Tezlikni oshirish uchun ko‘zni bir so‘z emas, so‘z guruhi bo‘yicha siljitishni mashq qiling.
- Tarjima qilish. Skimming paytida jumlani o‘zbekchaga o‘girish kerak emas. Faqat “bu paragraf nima qiladi” degan savolga javob izlang.
- So‘z bilan yozilgan sonlar. Twice, a third, a dozen, half a million, a decade kabi so‘zlar raqam emas, lekin miqdor bildiradi. Scanning’da ularni ham izlang.
- Sana formatlari. Matnda the 1990s, in the mid-nineteenth century, two years later bo‘lishi mumkin. Aniq yil yo‘q joyda javob hisob-kitob talab qilishi mumkin.
Haftalik mashq: kuniga 10 daqiqa
- Skimming (4 daqiqa). Istalgan inglizcha yangiliklar yoki ilmiy-ommabop maqolani oling. Har paragrafga 15 soniya bering va chetga 2–4 so‘z yozing. So‘ng maqolani to‘liq o‘qib, belgilaringiz to‘g‘rimi, tekshiring.
- Scanning (3 daqiqa). Shu maqoladan beshta ism, raqam yoki sanani tanlang va ularni savolga aylantiring. Ertasi kuni taymer bilan izlang.
- Tasdiqlash (3 daqiqa). Topgan har bir jumlani sekin o‘qing va savolga to‘liq javob berayotganini tekshiring.
Skimming matching headings savolida eng ko‘p kerak bo‘ladi: IELTS Reading matching headings sahifasida to‘liq mashq bor. Scanning esa ma’lumot qaysi paragrafda ekanini topishda kerak: matching information. Butun testni 60 daqiqaga sig‘dirish uchun IELTS Reading’da vaqtni boshqarish qo‘llanmasiga qarang.
BandMate nimaga yordam beradi
BandMate IELTS Reading testini o‘tkazmaydi va o‘qish tezligini o‘lchamaydi. Skimming’dan keyin paragraf mazmunini qisqa aytish esa gapirish ko‘nikmasi ham: o‘qigan maqolangizni Bandi bilan ovozli suhbatda 30 soniyada tushuntirib berishni mashq qilishingiz mumkin. Ilova talaffuz bo‘yicha fikr beradi va IELTS Speaking mock testini ham taklif qiladi. AI fikri rasmiy band emas.
