Summary completion savolida sizga matnning bir qismi qisqacha mazmun ko‘rinishida beriladi va undagi bo‘sh joylarni to‘ldirasiz. To‘g‘ri javob uchun summarydagi gapni matndagi ayni joy bilan bog‘laysiz, bo‘sh joyga qanday so‘z turkumi kerakligini aniqlaysiz va so‘z chegarasini buzmaysiz. Quyida ikkala variant ham bor: matndan so‘z ko‘chirish va ro‘yxatdan tanlash, tahlil qilingan misol va javobli mashq bilan.
Misol matnlar mashq uchun yozilgan, ular rasmiy IELTS materiali emas.
Savol qanday tuzilgan
IELTS’ning rasmiy Reading formati bo‘yicha Academic Reading 60 daqiqa davom etadi, uchta matn va 40 ta savoldan iborat. Summary, note, table va flow-chart completion bir oilaga kiradi. Rasmiy tavsifga ko‘ra javob so‘zlari matndan olinadi yoki berilgan ro‘yxatdan tanlanadi. Javoblar matndagi tartibda kelmasligi mumkin, lekin odatda matnning bitta qismidan olinadi.
Ikki xil ko‘rinish:
- Matndan so‘z olish. Ko‘rsatmada ONE WORD ONLY yoki NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS kabi chegara bo‘ladi. So‘zni matndagi shaklida ko‘chirasiz, o‘zingiz o‘zgartirmaysiz.
- Ro‘yxatdan tanlash. A–H kabi harflangan so‘zlar ro‘yxati beriladi, siz faqat harf yozasiz. Ro‘yxatdagi so‘zlar ko‘pincha matnda umuman uchramaydi: ular matndagi fikrning sinonimi bo‘ladi.
Birinchi turda asosiy xavf so‘z chegarasi va imlo, ikkinchi turda esa matnda ko‘rgan so‘zingizga o‘xshash, lekin ma’nosi boshqa variantni tanlab qo‘yish.
To‘rt qadamli usul
- Summaryning sarlavhasi va birinchi gapini o‘qing. U matnning qaysi qismi haqida ekanini aytadi. Shu qismni tez toping, butun matnni qayta o‘qimang.
- Har bo‘sh joy uchun so‘z turkumini yozing. Bo‘sh joy oldidagi a/an/the, predlog, sifat va keyingi fe’lga qarang. Bo‘sh joy yoniga qalam bilan kichik belgi qo‘ying: n (ot), adj (sifat), v (fe’l), pl (ko‘plik).
- Summarydagi kalit so‘zning matndagi paraphraseni toping. Summary store heat desa, matnda absorb sunlight bo‘lishi mumkin. So‘z emas, ma’no bo‘yicha qidiring.
- Javobni gapga qo‘yib, butun gapni o‘qing. Grammatika to‘g‘ri, ma’no matn bilan bir xil va so‘z chegarasi buzilmagan bo‘lsa, javob tayyor.
Uchinchi qadamda skanerlash tezligi muhim. Bu ko‘nikmani alohida skimming va scanning mashqlarida ishlang.
Tahlil qilingan misol: shahar issiqligi
Matn A (mashq uchun yozilgan):
In summer, the centre of a large city can be noticeably warmer than the surrounding countryside. This effect, known as the urban heat island, is caused mainly by materials such as asphalt and concrete, which absorb sunlight during the day and release it slowly at night. Planners have tried several ways to reduce it. Painting roofs white reflects some sunlight, but the method works best on low buildings and does little for the streets below. Street trees appear to offer wider benefits. Their leaves block direct sunlight before it reaches the pavement, and they also release water vapour, a process which cools the surrounding air. However, trees need years to grow, and young trees planted in narrow streets often die because their roots have too little space. For this reason, some cities now build underground soil "cells" beneath pavements, allowing roots to spread without damaging the road surface.
Savollar 1–4. Summaryni to‘ldiring. Har bir javob uchun matndan ONE WORD ONLY oling.
City centres become hotter than rural areas because materials like asphalt and concrete store heat and give it back at (1) ______. White roofs are most effective on (2) ______ buildings. Trees cool streets by providing shade and by releasing water (3) ______. Young trees in narrow streets often fail because their (4) ______ cannot spread, so some cities put soil cells under pavements.
Paraphrase xaritasi
| Summarydagi ifoda | Matndagi ifoda | Bo‘sh joyga nima kerak | Javob |
|---|---|---|---|
| store heat and give it back at (1) | absorb sunlight … release it slowly at night | at dan keyin ot | night |
| most effective on (2) buildings | works best on low buildings | ot oldida sifat | low |
| releasing water (3) | release water vapour | water bilan birikadigan ot | vapour |
| their (4) cannot spread | their roots have too little space | their dan keyin ot, ma’noga ko‘ra ko‘plik | roots |
Har bir javobning sababi
- 1 — night. Slowly ham shu gapda turibdi, lekin at slowly grammatik jihatdan noto‘g‘ri. Predlogdan keyin ot kerak.
- 2 — low. Summarydagi most effective matndagi works best ning paraphrasei. Tall yoki high matnda yo‘q, o‘zingizdan so‘z qo‘shmang.
- 3 — vapour. Matnda britancha imlo bor. Imloni o‘zgartirmang, harfma-harf ko‘chiring: vapor yoki vaper deb yozish xavfini olmang.
- 4 — roots. Their roots have too little space va cannot spread bir ma’no. Root deb birlikda yozsangiz, ma’no matndan uzoqlashadi. O‘zbek o‘quvchilar ko‘plik -s ni tushirib qoldirishga moyil, chunki o‘zbekchada “ko‘p daraxt” deymiz, “ko‘p daraxtlar” shart emas. Ingliz tilida esa bu shakl xato hisoblanadi.
E’tibor bering: summary matndagi oxirgi gapni ham qamrab olgan (soil cells), lekin u yerda bo‘sh joy yo‘q. Summaryning bo‘sh joysiz qismlari sizga matnda qayerda ekaningizni ko‘rsatadi.
O‘zbek o‘quvchilar ko‘p yo‘qotadigan joylar
- So‘z shaklini o‘zgartirish. Matnda predictable bo‘lsa-yu, gapga predictability mosroq tuyulsa, uni o‘zingiz yasamang. Matndan olish turida so‘z shaklini aynan ko‘chirasiz; agar matndagi shakl gapga tushmasa, noto‘g‘ri joyni topgansiz.
- Artikl belgisini o‘qimaslik. O‘zbek va rus tillarida artikl yo‘q, shuning uchun bo‘sh joy oldidagi an ko‘zdan qochadi. An dan keyin unli tovush bilan boshlanadigan so‘z keladi: bu variantlarni ikki baravar kamaytiradi.
- So‘z chegarasini oshirish. NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS bo‘lsa, the dry season uch so‘z. Ko‘pincha the ni tashlab yuborish mumkin, chunki u summaryda allaqachon turibdi.
- Rus tilidagi soxta do‘stlar. Word list turida actual (haqiqiy), accurate (aniq), sympathetic (hamdard) kabi so‘zlarni ruscha актуальный, аккуратный, симпатичный ma’nosida tanlab qo‘yish oson. So‘z ma’nosini kontekstdan tekshirish usullari kontekstdan so‘z ma’nosini topish sahifasida bor.
- Umumiy bilim bilan javob berish. Siz Toshkentdagi yozgi issiqni yaxshi bilasiz, ammo javob faqat matndan olinadi. Mantiqan to‘g‘ri, lekin matnda yo‘q so‘z xato.
Mashq: ro‘yxatdan tanlash varianti
Matn B (mashq uchun yozilgan):
When online shopping grew rapidly, many city centres became crowded with delivery vans. Some companies are now testing cargo bicycles for the final part of the journey. Parcels are brought by lorry to a small depot near the centre, where they are loaded onto bicycles with large boxes at the front or rear. The bicycles cannot carry heavy furniture, but they are well suited to small parcels and food orders. Riders can use cycle lanes and stop close to the door, so they spend less time searching for parking. Early trials suggest that this makes delivery times more predictable during rush hour. The idea has limits. In hilly areas, electric motors are essential, and in winter some riders find the work physically demanding. Although the bicycles themselves are cheaper than vans, several firms report that the hardest part is finding a depot: central districts simply have very few empty buildings. Even so, city authorities that want cleaner air have shown interest, and a few have offered reduced rents to companies willing to open depots.
Savollar 5–9. Summaryni to‘ldiring. Har bir bo‘sh joy uchun A–H ro‘yxatidan bitta harf tanlang.
Cargo bicycles are used for the (5) ______ stage of deliveries. They collect parcels from a depot and are suitable for (6) ______ items. Because riders do not need to look for parking, delivery times become more (7) ______. However, the main difficulty for companies is often the (8) ______ of central premises, and some local governments have responded with (9) ______ support.
| Harf | So‘z |
|---|---|
| A | final |
| B | light |
| C | reliable |
| D | cost |
| E | financial |
| F | heavy |
| G | availability |
| H | faster |
Avval o‘zingiz yeching. Har javob uchun matndagi dalil so‘zini tagiga chizing, keyin kalit bilan solishtiring.
Javoblar va dalillar
- 5 — A (final). The final part of the journey → the final stage. Bu yerda matndagi so‘z ro‘yxatda ham bor, bunday holat kam uchraydi, lekin bo‘ladi.
- 6 — B (light). Small parcels and food orders yengil yuklar. F (heavy) chalg‘ituvchi: matnda heavy furniture bor, ammo velosiped uni tashiy olmaydi.
- 7 — C (reliable). More predictable → more reliable. H (faster) ham tabiiy eshitiladi, lekin matnda tezlik haqida gap yo‘q, faqat oldindan aytib bo‘ladiganlik haqida gap bor. Bu Not Given tipidagi tuzoq.
- 8 — G (availability). Very few empty buildings bo‘sh bino kamligi, ya’ni mavjudligi muammosi. D (cost) tuzoq: matn narxni tilga oladi, lekin velosipedlar vanlardan arzon ekanini aytadi, depo narxini asosiy muammo demaydi.
- 9 — E (financial). Reduced rents → moliyaviy yordam.
5 tadan 5 tasi to‘g‘ri bo‘lsa, haqiqiy test bilan mashqqa o‘ting. 3 tadan kam bo‘lsa, xato qilgan har bir savol uchun paraphrase xaritasini yuqoridagi jadval kabi to‘ldiring: summarydagi ifoda, matndagi ifoda, kerakli so‘z turkumi.
Vaqt va tartib
Summary completion ko‘pincha bitta matnga tegishli savollarning bir qismi bo‘ladi. Umumiy qoida sifatida bir guruh savol uchun ajratgan vaqtingizdan oshsangiz, bo‘sh joyni belgilab keyingi savolga o‘ting va oxirida qayting. Qaytishni unutmaslik uchun savol raqami yoniga yulduzcha qo‘ying. Uchta matnga 60 daqiqani qanday bo‘lish mumkinligi IELTS Reading vaqtni boshqarish sahifasida batafsil ko‘rsatilgan.
Oxirgi daqiqada bo‘sh qolgan joyga taxminiy javob yozing. Har bir to‘g‘ri javob bir ball beradi, xato javob uchun esa ball ayirilmaydi, shuning uchun bo‘sh qoldirishdan foyda yo‘q.
Uyda mashq qilish uchun kichik vazifa
Ingliz tilidagi istalgan ilmiy-ommabop maqoladan 150–200 so‘zlik paragraf oling. Uni o‘z so‘zlaringiz bilan to‘rt gaplik summary qilib yozing va har gapda bitta so‘zni bo‘sh qoldiring. Ikki kundan keyin o‘z summaryingizni matnga qaramasdan emas, matn bilan solishtirib to‘ldiring. Bu mashq sizni savol tuzuvchi qanday paraphrase qilishini ichkaridan ko‘rishga o‘rgatadi.
Boshqa savol turlari va umumiy tayyorgarlik uchun IELTS bo‘limiga qarang.
BandMate haqida qisqacha
BandMate IELTS Reading testini o‘tkazmaydi va Reading bo‘yicha ball bermaydi. Ilova gapirishga qurilgan: Bandi bilan ovozli suhbat, darslar, talaffuz bo‘yicha fikr va IELTS Speaking mock test. Summary completion uchun eng foydali qismi paraphrase ko‘nikmasi. Bandi bilan o‘qigan matningizni o‘z so‘zlaringiz bilan qayta aytib bersangiz, predictable → reliable kabi almashuvlarni tezroq payqaysiz. AI fikri rasmiy baho emas.
