Sentence completion savolida gapning bo‘sh joyini matndan olingan so‘z bilan to‘ldirasiz. Javob ikki shartga javob berishi kerak: ma’no matnga mos bo‘lishi va gap grammatik jihatdan to‘g‘ri chiqishi. So‘zlar soni ko‘rsatmadagi chegaradan oshsa, javob to‘g‘ri bo‘lsa ham ball berilmaydi.
Quyida bo‘shliq grammatikasini aniqlash jadvali, mashq uchun yozilgan Samarqand qog‘ozi haqidagi matn, 8 ta savol va tipik noto‘g‘ri javoblar tahlili bor. Matn rasmiy IELTS materiali emas.
Format va word limit
IELTS’ning rasmiy Reading formati bo‘yicha sentence completion topshirig‘ida gaplarni matndan olingan so‘zlar bilan to‘ldirasiz va so‘z chegarasi beriladi, masalan, NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER. Test 60 daqiqa, 40 savol.
Chegarani qanday o‘qish kerak:
| Ko‘rsatma | Mumkin | Mumkin emas |
|---|---|---|
| ONE WORD ONLY | pulp | the pulp |
| NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS | water mill, trade | a water mill (uch so‘z) |
| ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER | 8th, pulp, 8th century | eighth century AD |
| NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS | cheaper imported paper | To‘rt va undan ko‘p so‘z |
Ikki qoida o‘zgarmaydi: so‘zlar matndan olinadi, ularning shakli o‘zgartirilmaydi. Matnda glossy bo‘lsa, glossiness yozish mumkin emas. Amalda gaplar ko‘pincha matn tartibida keladi, lekin buni kafolat deb hisoblamang.
Bo‘shliq qanday so‘z kutayotganini aniqlash
Matnga qarashdan oldin har bir gapni o‘qing va bo‘sh joy ustiga qanday so‘z kerakligini yozing. Bu javobni topgandan keyin tekshirishni ham osonlashtiradi.
| Bo‘shliq atrofida | Kutilayotgan so‘z | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| a / an ______ | Birlikdagi ot | a stone |
| two / several / many ______ | Ko‘plikdagi ot | several workshops |
| the ______ of | Ot | the surface of |
| was / were ______ | Sifat yoki -ed shakli | was polished |
| very / more ______ | Sifat | more durable |
| in the ______ century | Tartib son | in the 8th century |
| by ______ (o‘tgan zamon majhul) | Bajaruvchi ot | by Chinese prisoners |
O‘zbek nomzodlar uchun eng xavfli qator birinchisi. O‘zbek tilida artikl yo‘q, shuning uchun a ni ko‘z sezmaydi, holbuki u “bu yerga birlikdagi ot kerak” degan aniq signal. Rus tilida ham artikl yo‘qligi xuddi shu odatni kuchaytiradi.
Mashq matni: The paper of Samarkand
A Paper was invented in China, but by around the eighth century it was also being made in Samarkand. According to a popular story, the technique was taught by Chinese prisoners captured after a battle in 751. Many historians now treat this story with caution and suggest that papermaking may have arrived earlier through trade along the routes linking China with Central Asia.
B Whatever its origins, Samarkand paper soon gained a reputation across the Islamic world. Writers and copyists valued it for its smooth and glossy surface, which allowed ink to flow evenly and made the paper last. For several centuries it was one of the most respected writing materials in the region. Production declined much later, when cheaper imported paper became widely available, and the traditional method was almost forgotten.
C In recent decades, a workshop in the village of Konigil, near Samarkand, has revived the craft. There, the bark of young mulberry branches is soaked in water and boiled until it becomes soft. It is then beaten into a pulp by heavy wooden hammers, which are driven by a water mill on a nearby canal. The pulp is mixed with water, and each sheet is lifted out on a fine mesh before being pressed and dried.
D The final stage explains the paper’s famous shine. When the sheets are dry, craftspeople polish each one by hand with a smooth stone, pressing firmly until the surface becomes hard and bright. The work is slow, and a single sheet passes through many hands. Visitors to the workshop can watch every stage, which has made the village a popular stop for tourists travelling between Samarkand’s historic sites.
Savollar 1–8. Gaplarni to‘ldiring. Har bir javob uchun matndan NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER oling.
- 1. Paper was being produced in Samarkand by about the ______ century.
- 2. A well-known story says that papermaking was taught by ______.
- 3. Some historians believe the technique came earlier as a result of ______.
- 4. Copyists liked Samarkand paper because it had a smooth and ______ surface.
- 5. Traditional production fell when ______ paper became easy to buy.
- 6. After being soaked and boiled, mulberry bark is beaten into a ______.
- 7. The hammers in the Konigil workshop are powered by a ______.
- 8. Each dry sheet is polished by hand using a ______.
Javoblar va dalillar
Avval o‘zingiz yeching.
- 1 — eighth (yoki 8th). By around the eighth century. Bo‘shliqdan keyin century allaqachon bor, uni qayta yozmang.
- 2 — Chinese prisoners. Taught by Chinese prisoners captured after a battle in 751. Ikki so‘z, chegara ichida. Prisoners yolg‘iz ham ma’noni beradi, lekin matnda aniqroq javob bor.
- 3 — trade. May have arrived earlier through trade. As a result of = through.
- 4 — glossy. Its smooth and glossy surface. Gapdagi smooth and aynan matndan.
- 5 — cheaper imported yoki imported. When cheaper imported paper became widely available. Bo‘shliqdan keyin paper bor, shuning uchun uni qo‘shmang.
- 6 — pulp. Beaten into a pulp. Oldidagi a birlikdagi otni kutadi.
- 7 — water mill. Driven by a water mill. Driven = powered. Wooden hammers tuzoq: ular gapning boshida allaqachon bor.
- 8 — stone yoki smooth stone. Polish each one by hand with a smooth stone.
Tipik noto‘g‘ri javoblar
| Savol | Noto‘g‘ri javob | Nega noto‘g‘ri |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | eighth century | Gapda century bor, natijada “eighth century century” bo‘ladi |
| 2 | the Chinese prisoners | Uch so‘z, chegaradan oshdi |
| 2 | Chinese prisoner | Matnda ko‘plik; bitta harf javobni yo‘qqa chiqaradi |
| 4 | glossiness | So‘z shakli o‘zgartirilgan va grammatikaga mos emas |
| 6 | pulps | A dan keyin ko‘plik bo‘lmaydi |
| 7 | water | Ma’no to‘liq emas va a water grammatik noto‘g‘ri |
| 8 | polishing stone | Bu birikma matnda yo‘q |
8 tadan 7–8 tasi to‘g‘ri bo‘lsa, rasmiy namuna testlarga o‘ting. Xatolaringiz asosan jadvaldagi turlarda bo‘lsa, muammo tushunishda emas, tekshirishda: javobni yozgach, butun gapni bo‘shliq bilan birga ichingizda o‘qib chiqing.
Uch daqiqalik tekshiruv tartibi
Javob varag‘iga yozishdan oldin har bir javobni shu uch savol bilan tekshiring:
- So‘zlarni sanadimmi? Artikl ham so‘z hisoblanadi.
- Gap grammatik to‘g‘rimi? Bo‘shliqni to‘ldirib, butun gapni o‘qing: by a water mill — to‘g‘ri, by a water — noto‘g‘ri.
- So‘z matndagi shakldami va imlosi to‘g‘rimi? Matndan ko‘chirilgan so‘zda imlo xatosi uchun bahona yo‘q, lekin u baribir tez-tez uchraydi.
Sentence completion va summary completion bir-biriga yaqin: ikkinchisida bo‘shliqlar bitta matnda to‘plangan. U haqda IELTS Reading summary completion sahifasida o‘qing. Kalit so‘zning sinonimini matndan tez topish uchun skimming va scanning mashqlari foydali. Milliy sertifikat imtihonidagi Reading bo‘limi uchun CEFR Multilevel Reading strategiyasiga qarang.
BandMate nimaga yordam beradi
BandMate IELTS Reading testini o‘tkazmaydi. Ammo artiklni sezish, ya’ni a va the dan keyin nima kelishini bilish, gapirishda ham kerak va aynan o‘zbek o‘quvchisi ko‘p qoqiladigan joy. Bandi bilan ovozli suhbat va ilova darslarida gapirib, grammatika hamda talaffuz bo‘yicha fikr olishingiz mumkin. IELTS Speaking mock testi ham bor; AI fikri rasmiy band emas.
