IELTS uchun lug‘atni alohida “qiyin so‘zlar” bilan emas, mavzuga bog‘langan birikmalar bilan yig‘ing: fall behind, live within your means, take after. Speaking va Writing’da lug‘at (lexical resource) to‘rt baholash mezonidan biri, va u yerda so‘zning o‘zidan ko‘ra uni to‘g‘ri sherigi bilan ishlatish ko‘proq ko‘rinadi. Quyida imtihonda tez-tez uchraydigan 12 mavzu bo‘yicha 72 ta birikma bor, har biri o‘zbekcha tarjima va misol gap bilan.
Bu ro‘yxat saytdagi boshqa lug‘at sahifalarini takrorlamaydi. Akademik so‘zlar (curriculum, emissions, urban sprawl) IELTS vocabulary by topic sahifasida bor. Bu yerda esa asosan kundalik, lekin aniq birikmalar: ular Part 1 va Part 2 da tabiiy eshitiladi, Part 3 va Writing’da esa fikrni aniq qiladi.
1. Ta’lim
| Birikma | Tarjima | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| enrol on a course | kursga yozilmoq | I enrolled on an evening coding course. |
| meet a deadline | ishni muddatida topshirmoq | I rarely miss a deadline at university. |
| fall behind | ortda qolmoq | I fell behind after missing two weeks. |
| hands-on experience | amaliy tajriba | Internships give students hands-on experience. |
| a steep learning curve | boshida ko‘p o‘rganishni talab qiladigan | My first month at IT Park had a steep learning curve. |
| broaden your horizons | dunyoqarashni kengaytirmoq | Studying abroad broadens your horizons. |
2. Ish
| Birikma | Tarjima | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| climb the career ladder | martaba pog‘onalaridan ko‘tarilmoq | She climbed the career ladder quickly at the bank. |
| be snowed under | ishga ko‘milib qolmoq | I’m snowed under with reports this week. |
| take on responsibility | mas’uliyatni o‘z zimmasiga olmoq | Young staff want to take on more responsibility. |
| work overtime | qo‘shimcha soat ishlamoq | Accountants often work overtime in December. |
| hand in your notice | ishdan ketish haqida ariza bermoq | He handed in his notice after six years. |
| a nine-to-five job | odatiy kunduzgi ish | I don’t want a nine-to-five job forever. |
3. Texnologiya
| Birikma | Tarjima | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| tech-savvy | texnikani yaxshi biladigan | My grandmother is surprisingly tech-savvy. |
| a digital footprint | internetdagi raqamli iz | Everything you post adds to your digital footprint. |
| a data breach | ma’lumotlarning sizib chiqishi | The shop lost customers after a data breach. |
| go offline | internetdan uzilmoq | I go offline for an hour before bed. |
| scroll through | ekranni aylantirib ko‘rmoq | I scroll through Telegram channels on the metro. |
| be glued to your phone | telefondan ko‘z uzmaslik | Teenagers seem glued to their phones. |
4. Atrof-muhit
| Birikma | Tarjima | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| a carbon footprint | uglerod izi | Flying increases your carbon footprint. |
| go to waste | isrof bo‘lmoq | Too much bread goes to waste after weddings. |
| a heatwave | jazirama davri | Older people suffer most during a heatwave. |
| drip irrigation | tomchilatib sug‘orish | Drip irrigation saves water on farms. |
| dispose of rubbish | chiqindini tashlab yo‘q qilmoq | People should dispose of rubbish properly in the mountains. |
| an eco-friendly alternative | ekologik toza muqobil | Cloth bags are an eco-friendly alternative to plastic. |
5. Sog‘liq
| Birikma | Tarjima | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| stay in shape | jismoniy formani saqlamoq | I cycle to stay in shape. |
| cut down on | kamaytirmoq | I’m trying to cut down on sugar. |
| have a check-up | tibbiy ko‘rikdan o‘tmoq | I have a check-up once a year. |
| take a toll on | …ga salbiy ta’sir qilmoq | Night shifts take a toll on your health. |
| recover from | …dan tuzalmoq | It took me a week to recover from the flu. |
| a fitness routine | muntazam mashq tartibi | My fitness routine is short but regular. |
6. Shahar va uy-joy
| Birikma | Tarjima | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| rent a flat | kvartira ijaraga olmoq | Many students rent a flat near the metro. |
| on the outskirts | shahar chekkasida | We live on the outskirts, near Sergeli. |
| a lively neighbourhood | gavjum, jonli mahalla | Chilanzar is a lively neighbourhood. |
| commute to work | ishga qatnamoq | I commute to work by metro. |
| a high-rise building | ko‘p qavatli bino | New high-rise buildings are replacing old houses. |
| run-down | eskirgan, qarovsiz | Some old courtyards are quite run-down. |
7. Sayohat
| Birikma | Tarjima | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| a direct flight | to‘g‘ridan-to‘g‘ri reys | Is there a direct flight from Tashkent to Seoul? |
| book in advance | oldindan bron qilmoq | Train tickets to Samarkand often sell out, so book in advance. |
| get around | joydan-joyga yurmoq | It’s easy to get around Bukhara on foot. |
| travel light | kam yuk bilan sayohat qilmoq | I always travel light, with one backpack. |
| the low season | mavsumdan tashqari vaqt | Hotels are cheaper in the low season. |
| a day trip | bir kunlik sayohat | We took a day trip to Chimgan. |
8. Pul va xarid
| Birikma | Tarjima | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| live within your means | daromadga yarasha yashamoq | Students have to live within their means. |
| save up for | …ga pul yig‘moq | I’m saving up for a laptop. |
| impulse buying | o‘ylamasdan xarid qilish | Online sales encourage impulse buying. |
| pay in instalments | bo‘lib-bo‘lib to‘lamoq | Many people buy phones and pay in instalments. |
| a good deal | foydali xarid | I got a good deal on these shoes. |
| be on a tight budget | puli cheklangan bo‘lmoq | I’m on a tight budget this month. |
9. Ovqat
| Birikma | Tarjima | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| a home-cooked meal | uyda pishirilgan ovqat | Nothing beats a home-cooked meal. |
| eat out | tashqarida (kafeda) ovqatlanmoq | We eat out on Fridays. |
| have a sweet tooth | shirinlikka o‘ch bo‘lmoq | My brother has a real sweet tooth. |
| processed food | qayta ishlangan oziq-ovqat | Processed food is cheap but not very healthy. |
| follow a recipe | retsept bo‘yicha pishirmoq | I followed my mother’s recipe for plov. |
| portion size | porsiya hajmi | Portion sizes at weddings are enormous. |
10. Oila va munosabatlar
| Birikma | Tarjima | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| bring up children | bola tarbiyalamoq | My grandparents helped bring us up. |
| take after | …ga tortmoq (fe’l-atvorda) | I take after my father; we’re both quiet. |
| a close-knit family | ahil, bir-biriga yaqin oila | I come from a close-knit family. |
| fall out with | …bilan urishib qolmoq | I fell out with my cousin over something silly. |
| look up to | …ni o‘rnak qilib hurmat qilmoq | I’ve always looked up to my older sister. |
| spend quality time with | …bilan mazmunli vaqt o‘tkazmoq | Parents need to spend quality time with their kids. |
11. Media va yangiliklar
| Birikma | Tarjima | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| go viral | tez tarqalib ketmoq | The video went viral overnight. |
| follow the news | yangiliklarni kuzatib bormoq | I follow the news on a few Telegram channels. |
| breaking news | shoshilinch xabar | Breaking news interrupted the football match. |
| a clickbait headline | chalg‘ituvchi sarlavha | I ignore clickbait headlines. |
| fact-check a story | xabarni tekshirmoq | Journalists should fact-check every story. |
| a news outlet | axborot nashri | Several news outlets reported the same mistake. |
12. San’at, madaniyat va bo‘sh vaqt
| Birikma | Tarjima | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| take up a hobby | yangi mashg‘ulot boshlamoq | I took up photography last year. |
| a live performance | jonli ijro | I prefer live performances to recordings. |
| have an eye for | …ni nozik his qilmoq | She has an eye for colour. |
| a traditional craft | an’anaviy hunarmandchilik | Rishtan pottery is a traditional craft. |
| keep traditions alive | an’analarni saqlab qolmoq | Festivals help keep traditions alive. |
| unwind after work | ishdan keyin charchoqni yozmoq | I unwind after work by playing the dutar. |
Tarjimadan chiqadigan 6 ta xato birikma
| Noto‘g‘ri (o‘zbekchadan so‘zma-so‘z) | To‘g‘ri | Izoh |
|---|---|---|
| We often eat outside. | We often eat out. | Eat outside — ochiq havoda ovqatlanish |
| My parents grew me up. | My parents brought me up. | Grow up o‘zingiz haqida: I grew up in Andijan. |
| I bought it with nasiya. | I paid for it in instalments. | “Nasiya” inglizcha instalments |
| I stayed behind from lessons. | I fell behind with my lessons. | Ortda qolish — fall behind |
| I live in the outside of the city. | I live on the outskirts of the city. | Predlog on |
| I look like my mother in character. | I take after my mother. | Look like faqat tashqi ko‘rinish uchun |
Birikmani nutqqa olib chiqish: 12 kunlik aylanma
Ro‘yxatni yod olish uni nutqqa olib chiqmaydi. Har kuni bitta mavzuni oling va shu uch qadamni bajaring (jami 15 daqiqa):
- Part 1 gapi (5 daqiqa). Oltita birikmadan har biri bilan o‘zingiz haqingizda rost gap tuzing va ovoz chiqarib ayting. I’m on a tight budget, so I rarely eat out.
- Part 2 hikoyasi (5 daqiqa). Shu mavzudan uchta birikmani bitta bir daqiqalik hikoyaga joylang va telefoningizga yozib oling.
- Part 3 fikri (5 daqiqa). Bitta umumiy savolga javob bering: Why do young people fall behind at university? Javobda kamida ikkita birikma va bitta qarama-qarshi fikr bo‘lsin.
12 kundan keyin birinchi mavzuga qayting va faqat 3-qadamni takrorlang. Qaysi birikmalar o‘zi tilga kelayotganini belgilang, kelmayotganlarini keyingi aylanmaga qoldiring. Lug‘at qanday baholanishi va band 7 dagi farq lexical resource band 7 sahifasida tushuntirilgan; Writing uchun esa Writing lexical resource sahifasiga qarang.
Mashq: gapni birikma bilan to‘ldiring
Har bir gap uchun yuqoridagi jadvallardan mos birikmani tanlang va kerak bo‘lsa shaklini o‘zgartiring.
- 1. I was ill for three weeks and ______ with my coursework.
- 2. She doesn’t buy things she can’t afford; she really ______.
- 3. My son ______ his grandfather: they both love fixing things.
- 4. Hotels in Samarkand are much cheaper in ______.
- 5. I’m ______ with work this week, so I can’t meet you.
- 6. Before you share a shocking post, you should ______ it.
- 7. I’ve decided to ______ on fast food and fizzy drinks.
- 8. Thousands of tonnes of food ______ every year.
- 9. He ______ after ten years and started his own business.
- 10. Craft schools in Margilan help ______ silk weaving.
Javoblar
- 1. fell behind
- 2. lives within her means
- 3. takes after
- 4. the low season
- 5. snowed under
- 6. fact-check
- 7. cut down
- 8. go to waste
- 9. handed in his notice
- 10. keep … alive (keep the tradition of silk weaving alive)
8 va undan ko‘p to‘g‘ri bo‘lsa, birikmalarni taniyapsiz. Endi ularni gapirishda sinang: tanish so‘z bilan faol so‘z o‘rtasidagi masofa aynan gapirishda yopiladi. Shu mavzularda B1–B2 darajadagi qo‘shimcha birikmalar CEFR vocabulary topics sahifasida.
Birikmalarni suhbatda sinash: BandMate
BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan ovozli suhbatda bugungi mavzuni tanlab, birikmalarni savol-javob ichida ishlatib ko‘rishingiz mumkin; ilova IELTS Speaking mock testini ham taklif qiladi va talaffuz bo‘yicha fikr beradi. Suhbatdan keyin qaysi birikmalar sizda tabiiy chiqqanini ko‘ring. AI fikri taxminiy, rasmiy IELTS bandi emas.
