IELTS’da grammatika alohida test emas. U Writing va Speaking’da “Grammatical Range and Accuracy” mezoni bilan baholanadi va har bir ko‘nikma ballining to‘rtdan bir qismini beradi. Band 7 uchun ikki narsa kerak: xilma-xil murakkab gaplar (range) va xatosiz gaplarning ko‘pligi (accuracy). Eng kerakli mavzular: ergash gapli qo‘shma gaplar, relative clause, shart gaplar, passive, Task 1 uchun zamonlar, taqqoslash, artikllar va sanaladigan/sanalmaydigan otlar. Quyida 12 ta mavzu ustuvorlik tartibida, har biri IELTS’ning qayerida kerakligi va o‘zbek o‘quvchisining tipik xatosi bilan.
Mezon nimani baholaydi
IELTS’ning rasmiy Writing mezonlari hujjatida grammatika mezoni to‘rtta narsani o‘lchaydi: tuzilmalar xilma-xilligi va o‘rinliligi (sodda, bog‘langan va murakkab gaplar), shu gaplarning aniqligi, xatolarning zichligi va ular ma’noga qanchalik xalaqit berishi, tinish belgilari. Oddiy tilda: band 6 da sodda va murakkab gaplar aralash, xatolar bor, lekin ma’noni kamdan-kam buzadi. Band 7 da murakkab tuzilmalar xilma-xil va erkinroq, ko‘p gaplar umuman xatosiz.
Demak, ikkita tuzoq bor. Birinchisi: faqat sodda gaplar bilan yozish — xato kam, lekin range past. Ikkinchisi: har gapga inversiya va uch qavatli shart tiqish — range bor, lekin xato ko‘payadi va accuracy tushadi.
12 ta mavzu: ustuvorlik jadvali
| № | Mavzu | IELTS’ning qayerida | Tipik xato → to‘g‘ri variant |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Artikllar a/an/the | Hamma joyda | Government should invest… → The government should invest… |
| 2 | Sanaladigan/sanalmaydigan, moslik | Hamma joyda | many informations → a lot of information |
| 3 | Task 1 zamonlari | Writing Task 1 | The number increase in 2010. → The number increased in 2010. |
| 4 | Taqqoslash va miqdor | Task 1, Speaking Part 3 | more higher → much higher |
| 5 | Ergash gapli qo‘shma gaplar | Task 2, Part 3 | Although it is expensive, but… → Although it is expensive, … |
| 6 | Relative clause | Task 2, Part 2 | people which → people who |
| 7 | Shart gaplar | Task 2, Part 3 | If I will have time… → If I have time… |
| 8 | Passive | Task 1 jarayon/xarita, Task 2 | The rice washed first. → The rice is washed first. |
| 9 | Modal fe’llar va ehtiyotkor fikr | Task 2, Part 3 | This is 100% the best way. → This could be the most effective way. |
| 10 | Gerund va infinitive | Hamma joyda | avoid to eat → avoid eating |
| 11 | Ot so‘z birikmalari (nominalisation) | Task 1, Task 2 | It increased quickly → There was a rapid increase in… |
| 12 | Hikoya zamonlari | Speaking Part 2 | When I come there, I see… → When I got there, I saw… |
1–4-mavzular — accuracy poydevori: band 5.5–6 dan chiqish uchun. 5–8 — range: band 6 → 6.5. 9–12 — nozik boshqaruv: 6.5 → 7. Shu tartibda o‘rganing: murakkab gap ichidagi artikl xatosi ham xato.
Murakkab gaplar: bitta fikr, ikki qism
Ergash gap sabab, qarama-qarshilik, shart yoki vaqtni ko‘rsatadi. IELTS’da eng foydali bog‘lovchilar: although, while, whereas, because, since, unless, once, so that.
- Band 6 uslubi: Public transport is cheap. Many people still drive. They think it is more comfortable.
- Band 7 uslubi: Although public transport in Tashkent is cheap, many people still drive because they find it more comfortable.
O‘zbek o‘quvchisining tuzog‘i: o‘zbek tilidagi “garchi… bo‘lsa-da, lekin…” qolipi inglizchaga Although…, but… bo‘lib o‘tadi. Inglizchada bitta bog‘lovchi yetadi: yo although, yo but.
Yana bir farq — so‘z tartibi. O‘zbekcha fe’l oxirida keladi, inglizchada ergash gap ichida ham tartib “ega + fe’l + to‘ldiruvchi”: because the government has not built enough roads, because enough roads the government has not built emas.
Relative clause: aniqlik qo‘shish
Who odamlar uchun, which narsalar uchun, whose egalik uchun, where joy uchun. Vergulli (non-defining) turi qo‘shimcha ma’lumot beradi va ko‘pincha band 7 esselarda uchraydi:
- Samarkand, which attracts thousands of tourists every year, has invested heavily in hotels.
- Students whose parents read to them tend to enjoy books more.
Tipik xato: that ni vergul bilan ishlatish: Tashkent, that is the capital, … — vergulli relative clause’da that ishlatilmaydi, which kerak. Batafsil qoidalar: Relative clauses o‘zbekcha.
Shart gaplar: taxmin va oqibat
Task 2’da yechim taklif qilganda va Part 3’da faraz qilganda kerak bo‘ladi:
| Tur | Qachon | IELTS misoli |
|---|---|---|
| First | Real ehtimol | If cities build more cycle lanes, fewer people will drive. |
| Second | Faraz, hozir/kelajak | If I were the mayor, I would ban cars from the city centre. |
| Third | O‘tmishdagi faraz | If I had started speaking practice earlier, I would have felt calmer. |
| Mixed | O‘tmish sababi, hozirgi natija | If I had studied abroad, I would speak better English now. |
Band 7 ga yaqinlashtiradigan variantlar: unless, provided that, as long as. Masalan: Online courses work well, provided that learners are self-disciplined.
Tipik xato: shart qismida will: If people will recycle more… To‘g‘risi: If people recycle more, the city will be cleaner. Barcha turlar va mashqlar: shart gaplar (conditionals).
Passive: kim qilgani muhim bo‘lmaganda
Writing Task 1’dagi jarayon (process) va xarita (map) topshiriqlarida passive deyarli majburiy: The cotton is harvested, cleaned and then spun into thread. Xaritada: A new car park was built next to the hospital.
Task 2’da passive fikrni umumlashtiradi: It is often argued that…, Children should be taught financial skills at school.
Tipik xato: yordamchi fe’lni tushirib qoldirish: The houses built in 1990. (Uylar 1990-yilda qurdimi?) To‘g‘risi: The houses were built in 1990. Qoida va shakllar jadvali: Passive voice o‘zbekcha.
Qolgan to‘rtta nozik mavzu
Task 1 zamonlari. O‘tgan yillar ma’lumoti — Past Simple (rose, fell, peaked). Hozirgacha davom etgan o‘zgarish — Present Perfect (has doubled since 2015). Prognoz — is expected to, is predicted to: The figure is expected to reach 40% by 2030.
Taqqoslash. Much / considerably / slightly higher than, twice as many… as, the largest share. More higher yoki more bigger degan qo‘sh daraja — tipik xato.
Ehtiyotkor fikr (hedging). Band 7 esse kategorik bo‘lmaydi: This may lead to…, It could be argued that…, tend to. “100%” va always har gapda bo‘lsa, argument zaif ko‘rinadi.
Nominalisation. Fe’lni otga aylantirish yozuvni ixcham qiladi: Prices rose sharply → There was a sharp rise in prices. Me’yorida ishlating: har gapda emas, paragrafda bir-ikki marta.
Speaking’dagi grammatika boshqacha
Speaking’da murakkab gap yozilgandek uzun bo‘lishi shart emas. What I like most about my neighbourhood is that…, I’ve been learning English since I was twelve, If I had more free time, I’d… — tabiiy eshitiladigan tuzilmalar. Imtihonchi xatoni qanday baholashi haqida: Speaking’da grammatika qanday baholanadi. Writing tomoni uchun namuna esse va sakkiz tuzilma: Writing grammar range and accuracy.
Mashq: tuzating va o‘zgartiring
A. Xatoni tuzating.
- 1. Although the museum is free, but few people visit it.
- 2. The number of tourists increase since 2019.
- 3. If the government will reduce taxes, businesses will grow.
- 4. The bridge built in 1985.
- 5. Teachers give students many advices.
- 6. Bukhara, that is famous for its old buildings, attracts many visitors.
B. Ko‘rsatilgan tuzilma bilan qayta yozing.
- 7. Prices increased quickly in 2022. (There was…)
- 8. I did not prepare. I felt nervous. (third conditional)
- 9. Many people say that remote work is less productive. (It is…)
- 10. My friend’s father is a doctor. My friend helped me. (whose)
- 11. Buses are cheap. Taxis are faster. (whereas)
- 12. You will improve. You must practise every day. (provided that yoki as long as)
Javoblar
- 1. Although the museum is free, few people visit it. (yoki: The museum is free, but few people visit it.)
- 2. The number of tourists has increased since 2019.
- 3. If the government reduces taxes, businesses will grow.
- 4. The bridge was built in 1985.
- 5. Teachers give students a lot of advice.
- 6. Bukhara, which is famous for its old buildings, attracts many visitors.
- 7. There was a rapid increase in prices in 2022.
- 8. If I had prepared, I would not have felt nervous.
- 9. It is often said that remote work is less productive.
- 10. My friend, whose father is a doctor, helped me.
- 11. Buses are cheap, whereas taxis are faster.
- 12. You will improve provided that you practise every day.
Grammatikani gapirishda sinab ko‘rish
Qoidani bilish va uni tez gapda ishlatish — ikki xil ko‘nikma. BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan IELTS Speaking uslubidagi savollarga javob berib, shart gaplar va murakkab tuzilmalarni jonli nutqda sinab ko‘rasiz, ilova grammatika va talaffuz bo‘yicha fikr beradi. Bu mashq bahosi, rasmiy IELTS balli emas.
Manbalar
2026-yil 1-oktabrda tekshirilgan.
- IELTS Writing: asosiy baholash mezonlari (PDF)
- IELTS: ball hisoblash tafsilotlari
- IELTS Academic Writing: namunaviy javoblar va imtihonchi izohlari (PDF)
