Relative clauses o‘zbekcha: who, which, that, whose, where

Relative clause — otdan keyin kelib, u haqida qo‘shimcha ma’lumot beradigan gap bo‘lagi: the man who lives next door, the phone that I bought. O‘zbekchada bu vazifani -gan, -digan sifatdoshlari bajaradi: qo‘shnida yashaydigan odam, men sotib olgan telefon.

Asosiy farq so‘z tartibida: o‘zbekchada izoh otdan oldin keladi, inglizchada esa keyin, va boshida who, which, that kabi so‘z turadi. Quyida qaysi so‘zni qachon tanlash, vergul qoidasi, o‘zbek o‘rganuvchilar qiladigan 10 ta xato va javobli mashq.

Qaysi so‘z nimaga

So‘z	Nima uchun	Misol
who	odam	the teacher who helped me
which	narsa, hayvon	the book which I borrowed
that	odam yoki narsa (faqat vergulsiz gapda)	the film that we watched
whose	egalik (-ning)	the girl whose father is a doctor
where	joy	the café where we met
when	vaqt	the day when I passed my exam
whom	odam, rasmiy uslubda yoki predlogdan keyin	the manager to whom I wrote

Kundalik nutqda that eng ko‘p ishlatiladi, whom esa deyarli faqat rasmiy yozuvda. Whom o‘rniga og‘zaki nutqda who yoki hech narsa ishlatiladi: the man (who) I met.

-gan sifatdoshidan inglizchaga: 4 qadam

O‘zbekcha birikma: kecha men ko‘rgan film.

Asosiy otni toping: film.
Uni birinchi qo‘ying: the film.
Mos so‘zni qo‘shing: that (yoki which).
Qolganini oddiy inglizcha tartibda yozing: ega + fe’l + qolgani: I watched yesterday.

Natija: the film that I watched yesterday.

O‘zbekcha	Inglizcha
Toshkentda yashaydigan akam	my brother who lives in Tashkent
men o‘qigan kitob	the book (that) I read
otasi shifokor bo‘lgan qiz	the girl whose father is a doctor
biz tanishgan kafe	the café where we met
men tug‘ilgan yil	the year (when) I was born
menga yordam bergan odam	the person who helped me
ishlamay qolgan telefon	the phone that stopped working

Qachon who/which/that tushirib qoldiriladi

Agar relative so‘z gapda to‘ldiruvchi bo‘lsa, uni tushirish mumkin, va og‘zaki nutqda ko‘pincha tushiriladi:

The book (that) I bought is great. — I bought the book: kitob to‘ldiruvchi.
The people (who) we met were very kind.

Agar u ega bo‘lsa, tushirib bo‘lmaydi:

The man who called you is here. — The man called you: odam ega. The man called you is here — xato.

Tekshirish usuli: who/which/that dan keyin darhol fe’l kelsa (who called), u ega va qolishi shart. Keyin boshqa ega kelsa (that I bought), tushirish mumkin.

Vergul bilanmi yoki vergulsiz

Defining (vergulsiz) — qaysi odam yoki narsa ekanini aniqlaydi, olib tashlasangiz ma’no buziladi:

Students who study every day improve faster. — Hamma talabalar emas, faqat har kuni o‘qiydiganlar.

Non-defining (vergul bilan) — qo‘shimcha ma’lumot, olib tashlasangiz ham kim haqida gap ketayotgani aniq:

My sister, who is a doctor, lives in Samarkand. — Opam bitta, “shifokor” shunchaki qo‘shimcha ma’lumot.

Non-defining gapda uchta qoida: vergul shart, that ishlatilmaydi, relative so‘z tushirib qoldirilmaydi.

Xato: My father that is 60 still works.
To‘g‘ri: My father, who is 60, still works.

Bu farq ma’noni ham o‘zgartiradi. My brother who lives in London is a programmer — bir nechta akam bor, Londondagisi dasturchi. My brother, who lives in London, is a programmer — bitta akam bor.

Which butun gapga ham ishora qila oladi: He passed the exam on his first try, which surprised everyone. Bu yerda which — imtihondan o‘tgani, butun voqea.

Predlog qayerga qo‘yiladi

Og‘zaki nutqda predlog oxirda turadi, rasmiy yozuvda relative so‘zdan oldin:

Og‘zaki: This is the flat (that) I told you about.
Rasmiy: This is the flat about which I told you.
Og‘zaki: the city I grew up in — yoki the city where I grew up.

The city where I grew up in — xato: where o‘zi “unda” ma’nosini beradi, in ortiqcha.

O‘zbek o‘rganuvchilar ko‘p qiladigan 10 ta xato

Xato	To‘g‘ri	Sabab
the yesterday I watched film	the film I watched yesterday	O‘zbekcha so‘z tartibi
The man which lives here…	The man who lives here…	Odam uchun which
The book that I read it was boring.	The book that I read was boring.	Ortiqcha it
The girl who her father is a doctor	The girl whose father is a doctor	Egalik uchun whose
The man called you is here.	The man who called you is here.	Ega bo‘lgan who tushirilgan
People who lives here…	People who live here…	Fe’l people ga moslashadi
The place which I live	The place where I live / which I live in	Predlog yoki where yo‘q
The city where I was born in	The city where I was born	Ortiqcha in
My mother, that works at a school, …	My mother, who works at a school, …	Vergulli gapda that yo‘q
My father who is 60 still works.	My father, who is 60, still works.	Vergul unutilgan

Uchinchi xato (that I read it) ayniqsa yozuvda ko‘p uchraydi. Relative so‘z allaqachon o‘sha otni almashtirgan, shuning uchun it, him, her qayta qo‘yilmaydi.

Speaking va Writing’da foydasi

Relative clause qisqa, uzuq gaplarni bitta ravon gapga birlashtiradi. Solishtiring:

I have a friend. His name is Aziz. He works in IT. He helped me with my CV.

My friend Aziz, who works in IT, helped me with my CV.

IELTS Speaking Part 2’da joy yoki odamni tasvirlaganda bu juda qulay: a place where I can relax, a teacher who changed my attitude to maths. Misollar uchun Part 2 place cue card sahifasini ko‘ring. Writing’da murakkab gaplar qanday baholanishi Grammar Range and Accuracy qo‘llanmasida tushuntirilgan.

Mashq: 10 ta gap

A. Bo‘sh joyga who, which, whose, where yoki when qo‘ying.

That’s the shop ______ I bought my laptop.
I have a neighbour ______ dog barks all night.
The teacher ______ taught us last year has moved to Seoul.
Do you remember the day ______ we first met?
Our flat, ______ is on the ninth floor, has a great view.

B. Ikki gapni bitta gapga birlashtiring.

6. I met a woman. She speaks five languages.
7. This is the phone. I told you about it.
8. My cousin lives in Namangan. He is a dentist. (bitta amakivachcha)

C. Xatoni tuzating.

9. The car which I bought it last year is already broken.
10. Students who wants to take the exam must register online.

Javoblar:

1 — where; 2 — whose; 3 — who (yoki that); 4 — when (yoki that, yoki hech narsa); 5 — which; 6 — I met a woman who speaks five languages. 7 — This is the phone (that) I told you about. 8 — My cousin, who lives in Namangan, is a dentist. 9 — The car (which) I bought last year is already broken. 10 — Students who want to take the exam must register online.

8-gapda vergul shart, chunki amakivachcha bitta va “Namanganda yashaydi” qo‘shimcha ma’lumot. Agar bir nechta amakivachchangiz bo‘lsa va aynan Namangandagisini ajratmoqchi bo‘lsangiz, vergulsiz yozasiz.

Kundalik mashq

Har kuni atrofingizdagi uchta narsani relative clause bilan tasvirlang: the bus that I take to work, the colleague who sits next to me, the café where I have lunch. Keyin ularni to‘liq gapga aylantiring. Grammatikaning keyingi mavzularini qaysi tartibda o‘rganish kerakligi grammatikani nimadan boshlash sahifasida.

BandMate bilan mashq

BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan sevimli joyingiz, do‘stingiz yoki ishxonangiz haqida ovozli suhbat qilib, relative clause’larni gapirganda ishlatishni mashq qilishingiz mumkin. IELTS Speaking mock rejimida Part 2 kartochkalariga javob berasiz va AI fikrini olasiz; bu fikr o‘rganish uchun, rasmiy band emas.

BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling