Ingliz tili grammatikasini gap tartibi va to be (am, is, are) fe’lidan boshlang, keyin present simple, savol va inkor, so‘ng o‘tgan zamon va kelajakka o‘ting. 12 zamon jadvalini birinchi haftada yodlash shart emas: dastlabki o‘nta mavzu bilan siz o‘zingiz, kuningiz, o‘tmishingiz va rejalaringiz haqida gapira olasiz. Quyida 15 bosqichli tartib, har birining sababi va o‘zbek o‘quvchisi uchun eng xavfli xato.
Nega o‘zbek tilida so‘zlashuvchi uchun tartib muhim
Ingliz tili o‘zbek tilidan bir nechta asosiy joyda farq qiladi. Aynan shu farqlar birinchi o‘rinda turadi, chunki ular har gapda uchraydi.
| O‘zbek tilida | Ingliz tilida | Natija |
|---|---|---|
| Fe’l gap oxirida: Men non sotib oldim | Fe’l egadan keyin: I bought bread | Gap tartibi birinchi mavzu bo‘lishi kerak |
| “Bo‘lmoq” ko‘pincha aytilmaydi: Men talabaman | To be majburiy: I am a student | I student xatosi |
| Savol -mi qo‘shimchasi bilan | Savol uchun do / does / did yoki tartib almashadi | You like tea? xatosi |
| Artikl yo‘q | A, an, the deyarli har gapda | Artikllar erta, lekin bosqichma-bosqich |
| “U” — erkak ham, ayol ham | He / she farqlanadi | Suhbatda he va she aralashadi |
| Ko‘makchilar so‘zdan keyin: uyda, stol ustida | Predloglar oldinda: at home, on the table | in / on / at alohida mashq talab qiladi |
Rus tilini biladiganlar ham artikl va to be bo‘yicha xuddi shu qiyinchilikka duch keladi, chunki rus tilida ham ular yo‘q.
15 bosqichli o‘rganish tartibi
| № | Mavzu | Nega aynan shu yerda | Tekshiruv gapi |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Gap tartibi (SVO) va to be | Har gapning skeleti | I am a nurse. The shop is closed. |
| 2 | Olmoshlar va egalik: I / my, he / his, she / her | O‘zingiz va oilangiz haqida gapirish uchun | She is my sister. Her name is Dilnoza. |
| 3 | Present simple va he / she bilan -s | Odatlar, ish, kun tartibi | He works in a bank. |
| 4 | Savol va inkor: do / does, don’t / doesn’t | Suhbat — bu savol-javob | Do you live in Tashkent? |
| 5 | Ko‘plik, there is / there are, some / any | Atrofni tasvirlash | There are two parks near my house. |
| 6 | A / an / the asoslari | Deyarli har otda kerak | I have a car. The car is old. |
| 7 | Present continuous | Hozir sodir bo‘layotgan ish, odatdan farqi | I’m cooking now. |
| 8 | Past simple (to‘g‘ri va noto‘g‘ri fe’llar) | Voqea aytib berish | Yesterday I went to the bazaar. |
| 9 | Kelajak: going to, will, reja uchun present continuous | Rejalar va va’dalar | I’m going to visit Bukhara. |
| 10 | Modal fe’llar: can, could, should, have to | Iltimos, maslahat, majburiyat | Could you help me? You should rest. |
| 11 | Predloglar: in / on / at (vaqt va joy) | Sana, vaqt va manzil | on Monday, at 5 o’clock, in May |
| 12 | Taqqoslash: -er / more, the most | Tanlov va fikr | The metro is faster than the bus. |
| 13 | Present perfect | Tajriba va hozirgacha davom etayotgan holat | I’ve worked here for two years. |
| 14 | Shart gaplar: 0, 1, 2 | Sabab-natija, taxmin | If it rains, we’ll stay at home. |
| 15 | Passive, relative clauses, reported speech | Rasmiy matn va murakkab gap | The house was built in 1990. |
1–7-bosqichlar taxminan A1, 8–12 — A2, 13–15 — B1 darajasiga to‘g‘ri keladi. Bu qat’iy chegaralar emas, lekin kitob tanlashda yo‘l ko‘rsatadi.
Bosqichlar bo‘yicha izoh
1–4: gap skeleti
Dastlabki to‘rt mavzu birga ishlaydi. To be bilan “kim, nima, qanday” (I am tired), present simple bilan “nima qilaman” (I work) aytiladi. Eng ko‘p xato ikkalasini aralashtirish: I am work yoki She is live in Samarkand. Qoida oddiy: gapda asosiy fe’l bo‘lsa, am / is / are kerak emas.
Savol tuzish alohida mashq talab qiladi, chunki o‘zbekcha savol tartibni o‘zgartirmaydi. Where you work? emas, Where do you work? Bu mavzuni ingliz tilida savol tuzish sahifasida batafsil ko‘ring.
5–7: atrof va hozirgi payt
Artikllarni to‘liq o‘rganish uchun oylar kerak, lekin asosiy qoidani erta boshlang: birlikdagi sanaladigan ot yolg‘iz turmaydi — a car, the car, my car. Batafsil tushuntirish a, an, the qoidalari sahifasida.
Present continuous’ni present simple bilan solishtirib o‘rganing: I work in a bank (doimiy), I’m working from home this week (vaqtinchalik). Bu juftlik present simple va present continuous farqi sahifasida misollar bilan berilgan.
8–12: hikoya, reja va fikr
O‘tgan zamonda asosiy qiyinchilik — noto‘g‘ri fe’llar. Hammasini birdan yodlamang: eng ko‘p ishlatiladigan 30–40 tasini gap ichida o‘rganing. Kelajak uchun going to va will farqini bir haftada tushunish mumkin, shall esa boshlang‘ich bosqichda deyarli kerak emas.
13–15: B1 ga o‘tish
Present perfect o‘zbek va rus tilida to‘g‘ridan-to‘g‘ri mos shaklga ega emas, shuning uchun uni o‘tgan zamon puxta bo‘lgandan keyin o‘rganing. Passive, relative clauses va reported speech rasmiy yozuv va murakkab hikoya uchun kerak, lekin kundalik suhbatni ularsiz ham boshlash mumkin.
Birinchi oy uchun namuna jadval
Noldan boshlayotgan bo‘lsangiz, dastlabki to‘rt hafta taxminan shunday ko‘rinishi mumkin. Har hafta oxirida jadvaldagi vazifani telefonga yozib oling.
| Hafta | Bosqichlar | Hafta oxiridagi vazifa |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1–2 | O‘zingiz va oilangizni 6 gapda tanishtirish: I am…, My brother is… |
| 2 | 3 | Ish kuningizni 6–8 gapda aytish: I get up at 7. I work in… |
| 3 | 4 | Do‘stingizga 8 ta savol berish va unga o‘zingiz javob berish |
| 4 | 5–6 | Uyingiz yoki mahallangizni tasvirlash: There is a park near my house. The park is big. |
To‘rtinchi hafta oxirida 1–6-bosqichlarni aralashtirib gapira olsangiz, present continuous va o‘tgan zamonga o‘tishga tayyorsiz.
Nimani keyinga qoldirsa bo‘ladi
- Future perfect continuous kabi kam ishlatiladigan zamonlar.
- Inversiya (Hardly had I…) va third conditional’ning murakkab turlari.
- Shall ning barcha ishlatilishi.
- Barcha 12 zamonni jadval shaklida yodlash. Zamonlar tizimini keyinroq bir butun ko‘rish uchun 12 zamon xaritasi foydali.
Har mavzuni qanday o‘rganish kerak
- Qoidani 5 daqiqada o‘qing — o‘zbekcha izohli qisqa tushuntirish yetadi.
- O‘zingiz haqingizda 8–10 ta gap yozing. Kitobdagi mashqdan oldin yoki keyin, lekin albatta o‘z hayotingizdan.
- Qo‘shni mavzu bilan solishtiring: present simple’ni continuous bilan, past simple’ni present perfect bilan.
- Bir daqiqa gapiring va yozib oling. Faqat shu mavzudagi shaklni to‘g‘ri ishlatganingizni tekshiring.
- Tinglash yoki o‘qishda toping: mavzudagi shaklni kamida uchta real gapda uchratib, belgilab qo‘ying.
Boshlang‘ich bosqichda bitta mavzuga taxminan bir hafta ajrating. Oldingi mavzu gapirganda o‘ylamasdan chiqmasa, yangi mavzuga o‘tishni bir necha kun kechiktiring.
Mashq: xatoni toping va bosqich raqamini ayting
Har gapda kamida bitta xato bor. Uni tuzating va qaysi bosqichga tegishli ekanini yozing.
- I student at the university.
- She live in Namangan.
- You like plov?
- I have car.
- Look! It rains outside.
- Yesterday I go to work by metro.
- My brother is more tall than me.
- I can to swim.
- I have seen him yesterday.
- My mother is teacher. He works at a school.
Javoblar:
- I am a student at the university. — 1 va 6-bosqich.
- She lives in Namangan. — 3-bosqich.
- Do you like plov? — 4-bosqich.
- I have a car. — 6-bosqich.
- Look! It’s raining outside. — 7-bosqich.
- Yesterday I went to work by metro. — 8-bosqich.
- My brother is taller than me. — 12-bosqich.
- I can swim. — 10-bosqich (can dan keyin to kelmaydi).
- I saw him yesterday. — 13-bosqich (aniq o‘tgan vaqt bilan present perfect ishlatilmaydi).
- My mother is a teacher. She works at a school. — 6 va 2-bosqich.
Qaysi bosqichda ko‘proq xato qilgan bo‘lsangiz, o‘sha yerdan qayta boshlang.
BandMate bilan mashq
BandMate darslari grammatikani darajangizga mos tartibda beradi va o‘zbekcha yoki ruscha izoh bilan tushuntiradi. Bandi bilan ovozli suhbatda o‘rgangan shaklingizni darhol gapda ishlatasiz, ilova esa jumla va talaffuz bo‘yicha fikr bildiradi. Ilova grammatika kitobini to‘liq almashtirmaydi, lekin qoidani nutqqa o‘tkazish uchun kunlik amaliyot beradi.
BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling
