Present Simple va Present Continuous farqi: 10 ta mashq bilan

Present Simple odat, doimiy holat va umumiy faktni bildiradi: I work in a bank. Present Continuous ayni paytda yoki shu kunlarda vaqtincha davom etayotgan harakatni bildiradi: I’m working from home this week. O‘zbekchada bu farq taxminan “ishlayman” va “ishlayapman” farqiga to‘g‘ri keladi.

Lekin moslik to‘liq emas: ba’zi fe’llar inglizchada deyarli hech qachon -ing olmaydi, kelajak reja esa ko‘pincha Continuous bilan aytiladi. Quyida ikkala zamon shakli, ma’no jadvali, o‘zbek o‘rganuvchilar ko‘p qiladigan xatolar va javobli mashq.

Shakl jadvali

Ikki kichik qoida:

• Present Simple’da he, she, it bilan fe’lga -s qo‘shiladi: works, goes, watches, studies. Does bor joyda -s yo‘qoladi: Does she work? (not Does she works?).
• -ing imlosi: make → making (-e tushadi), sit → sitting, run → running (undosh ikkilanadi), lie → lying.

Ma’no bo‘yicha taqqoslash

Oxirgi qator ko‘p chalkashlik tug‘diradi. What do you do? — kasbingiz nima? What are you doing? — hozir nima qilyapsiz? IELTS Speaking Part 1’dagi Do you work or are you a student? savoli ham Present Simple bilan beriladi; bunday savollarga javob namunalari Part 1 work va study sahifasida.

Signal so‘zlar

• Present Simple: always, usually, often, sometimes, never, every day, on Mondays, twice a week.
• Present Continuous: now, right now, at the moment, today, this week, these days, currently, Look! Listen!

Signal so‘z yordam beradi, lekin ma’no asosiy. These days I usually walk to work — these days bor, lekin usually odatni ko‘rsatadi va gap to‘g‘ri.

-adi va -yapti: qayerda mos keladi, qayerda yo‘q

Mos keladigan joy. Men har kuni metro bilan ishga boraman → I go to work by metro every day. Hozir metroda ketyapman → I’m on the metro now yoki I’m going to work now.

Mos kelmaydigan joylar:

1. Holat fe’llari. O‘zbekchada tushunyapman, bilyapman, yoqyapti tabiiy eshitiladi. Inglizchada: I understand (not I’m understanding), I know, I like it.
2. Kelajak reja. O‘zbekcha Ertaga Dilnoza bilan uchrashaman deydi. Inglizchada kelishib qo‘yilgan reja uchun Continuous tabiiyroq: I’m meeting Dilnoza tomorrow.
3. “-dan beri”. Uch yildan beri ingliz tilini o‘rganyapman — bu inglizchada Present Continuous emas, Present Perfect Continuous: I’ve been learning English for three years. Bu farq Present Perfect va Past Simple sahifasida batafsil.

Rus tilida continuous shakli umuman yo‘q (Я читаю ham “o‘qiyman”, ham “o‘qiyapman”), shuning uchun rus maktabida o‘qiganlar ko‘pincha I read a book now deydi. To‘g‘risi: I’m reading a book now.

Stative fe’llar: -ing olmaydiganlar

Bu fe’llar harakat emas, holatni bildiradi va odatda Present Simple’da qoladi, hatto “hozir” ma’nosida ham:

Ba’zi fe’llar ikki ma’noga ega va ma’nosiga qarab ikkala zamonda ishlatiladi:

• I think it’s expensive. (fikrim) — I’m thinking about changing jobs. (o‘ylab yuribman)
• I have a car. (egalik) — I’m having lunch. (ovqatlanyapman)
• I see what you mean. (tushunaman) — I’m seeing the doctor tomorrow. (uchrashaman)
• This soup tastes great. (ta’mi) — She’s tasting the soup. (tatib ko‘ryapti)

Reklama va qo‘shiqlarda ba’zan I’m loving it kabi shakllar eshitiladi. Bu ataylab qilingan uslub; oddiy suhbatda I love it deng.

O‘zbek o‘rganuvchilar ko‘p qiladigan 10 ta xato

I am agree ayniqsa ko‘p uchraydi: ruscha Я согласен va o‘zbekcha “roziman” sifatdek eshitiladi. Inglizchada agree oddiy fe’l: I agree, I don’t agree, Do you agree?

Mashq: to‘g‘ri shaklni yozing

Qavsdagi fe’lni Present Simple yoki Present Continuous shaklida yozing.

1. My father ______ (work) at a hospital in Yunusobod.
2. Be quiet, please. The baby ______ (sleep).
3. ______ you ______ (understand) this rule?
4. I ______ (not / usually / have) breakfast on weekdays.
5. Look at those clouds. It ______ (get) dark.
6. We ______ (fly) to Istanbul on Friday. The tickets are already booked.
7. This bag ______ (belong) to my sister.
8. She ______ (study) for her IELTS exam these days, so she rarely goes out.
9. The bank ______ (open) at 9 a.m. on weekdays.
10. I ______ (think) about buying a new phone, but I ______ (not / know) which one.

Javoblar:

1 — works; 2 — is sleeping; 3 — Do … understand; 4 — don’t usually have; 5 — is getting; 6 — are flying; 7 — belongs; 8 — is studying; 9 — opens; 10 — am thinking / don’t know.

10-gapda ikkala zamon bitta gapda: think “o‘ylab yuribman” ma’nosida Continuous, know esa stative va Simple’da qoladi. Shu gapni to‘g‘ri yozgan bo‘lsangiz, farqni tushungansiz.

Gapirishda sinab ko‘ring

Ikki daqiqalik mashq: avval oddiy ish kuningizni Present Simple bilan ayting (I get up at seven, I take the metro…), keyin shu hafta nima boshqacha bo‘layotganini Present Continuous bilan ayting (This week I’m working from home because…). Telefoningizga yozib oling va har bir fe’l to‘g‘ri zamonda ekanini tekshiring.

Savol tuzishda do/does va am/is/are qachon kerakligi savol tuzish qo‘llanmasida alohida ko‘rib chiqilgan. Zamonlarni qaysi tartibda o‘rganish kerakligi esa grammatikani nimadan boshlash sahifasida.

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