Ingliz tilida savol tuzish uchun yordamchi fe’lni egadan oldinga chiqarasiz: You are tired → Are you tired? Gapda yordamchi fe’l bo‘lmasa, uni qo‘shasiz: present simple’da do/does, past simple’da did. Savol so‘zi (what, where, why) bo‘lsa, u eng boshida turadi.
O‘zbek tilida savol boshqacha tuziladi: so‘z tartibi o‘zgarmaydi, oxiriga -mi qo‘shiladi yoki savol so‘zi gap ichida qoladi. Ingliz tilida esa tartib o‘zgaradi. O‘zbek o‘quvchilarining deyarli barcha savol xatolari shu farqdan kelib chiqadi.
Asosiy formula
| Savol so‘zi | Yordamchi fe’l | Ega | Asosiy fe’l | Qolgan qism |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| — | Do | you | live | in Tashkent? |
| Where | do | you | live? | — |
| — | Does | she | work | on Saturdays? |
| What time | did | the lesson | start? | — |
| — | Can | I | pay | by card? |
| Why | are | they | laughing? | — |
| How long | have | you | worked | here? |
Ingliz o‘qituvchilari bu tartibni ko‘pincha QASI deb eslab qoladi: Question word, Auxiliary, Subject, Infinitive.
O‘zbekcha va inglizcha tartib
| O‘zbekcha | So‘zma-so‘z (xato) | To‘g‘ri inglizcha |
|---|---|---|
| Siz talabamisiz? | You are student? | Are you a student? |
| Qayerda yashaysiz? | Where you live? | Where do you live? |
| U inglizcha gapiradimi? | She speaks English? | Does she speak English? |
| Kecha nima qildingiz? | What you did yesterday? | What did you do yesterday? |
| Bu qancha turadi? | How much it costs? | How much does it cost? / How much is it? |
| Metro qayerda ekanini ayta olasizmi? | Can you tell where is the metro? | Can you tell me where the metro is? |
Og‘zaki nutqda You’re a student? kabi ko‘tariluvchi ohangli savol ham uchraydi, lekin u odatda hayrat yoki tasdiqlash uchun ishlatiladi. Oddiy savol uchun to‘liq shaklni o‘rganing.
1. Be bilan savollar
Am, is, are, was, were o‘zi yordamchi fe’l vazifasini bajaradi. Uni egadan oldinga chiqaring, do qo‘shmang.
- She is at home. → Is she at home?
- They were late. → Were they late?
- It was expensive. → Was it expensive?
- You are going to the bazaar. → Are you going to the bazaar?
Xato: Do you are tired? Be bor joyda do kerak emas.
2. Do, does, did bilan savollar
Oddiy fe’l (work, live, like, go) bo‘lsa va boshqa yordamchi yo‘q bo‘lsa, do qo‘shiladi.
- Do — I, you, we, they bilan: Do you like tea?
- Does — he, she, it bilan: Does he drive to work?
- Did — o‘tgan zamonda hamma shaxs bilan: Did they call you?
Eng muhim qoida: does va did dan keyin asosiy fe’l qo‘shimchasiz keladi. -s va o‘tgan zamon shakli yordamchi fe’lga o‘tib ketadi.
- She works here. → Does she work here? (works emas)
- You went to Samarkand. → Did you go to Samarkand? (went emas)
3. Modal fe’llar bilan savollar
Can, could, will, would, should, may, must egadan oldinga chiqadi, do ishlatilmaydi.
- Can you help me?
- Could you speak more slowly, please?
- Should I bring my passport?
- Would you like some tea?
- Will it rain tomorrow?
Could you…? va Would you…? iltimos uchun Can you…? dan muloyimroq eshitiladi. Notanish odamga, masalan bank xodimiga, shularni ishlating.
4. Continuous va perfect zamonlarda
Bu zamonlarda yordamchi fe’l allaqachon bor: am/is/are yoki have/has. Faqat uni oldinga chiqarasiz.
- He is working now. → Is he working now?
- You have finished. → Have you finished?
- She has been to London. → Has she been to London?
5. Wh-savollar
Savol so‘zi boshida, keyin oddiy savol tartibi davom etadi.
| Savol so‘zi | Ma’nosi | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| What | nima | What do you do? (kasbingiz nima?) |
| Where | qayerda, qayerga | Where did you study? |
| When | qachon | When does the shop open? |
| Why | nega | Why are you learning English? |
| Who | kim | Who do you live with? |
| Which | qaysi (tanlovdan) | Which line goes to Chilonzor? |
| How | qanday | How did you get here? |
| How much / many | qancha | How much is this? How many people came? |
| How long | qancha vaqt | How long have you lived here? |
| How often | qanchalik tez-tez | How often do you go to the gym? |
Predlog odatda oxirida qoladi: Who do you live with? Where are you from? What are you looking for? O‘zbekcha tartibga qarab predlogni tashlab ketmang.
6. Ega haqidagi savollar: do kerak emas
Agar who yoki what gapning egasi haqida so‘rasa, do/does/did ishlatilmaydi va tartib o‘zgarmaydi.
- Who called you? (Sizga kim qo‘ng‘iroq qildi?) — Who did call you? emas.
- What happened? — What did happen? emas.
- Who lives in this flat?
Solishtiring: Who did you call? — Siz kimga qo‘ng‘iroq qildingiz? Bu yerda you ega, who esa to‘ldiruvchi, shuning uchun did kerak.
7. Bilvosita savollar
Could you tell me…?, Do you know…? dan keyin oddiy gap tartibi qaytadi.
- Where is the metro? → Could you tell me where the metro is?
- What time does it open? → Do you know what time it opens?
- Is he at home? → Do you know if he is at home?
Bu shakl notanish odamga murojaat qilganda juda foydali va muloyim eshitiladi.
Yes/no savollarga javob
Savolga faqat yes yoki no bilan emas, yordamchi fe’l bilan javob bering: Do you like it? — Yes, I do. Did she come? — No, she didn’t. Can you swim? — Yes, I can. Yes, I like deyish xato.
Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar
| Xato | To‘g‘ri |
|---|---|
| Where you work? | Where do you work? |
| Does she works here? | Does she work here? |
| Did you went there? | Did you go there? |
| What means this word? | What does this word mean? |
| How many it costs? | How much does it cost? |
| Why you didn’t come? | Why didn’t you come? |
| Do you can help me? | Can you help me? |
Mashq: savol tuzing
A qism. Ajratilgan qism haqida savol tuzing.
- She lives in Bukhara.
- They are tired. (ha/yo‘q savoli)
- He started work at nine.
- I can speak three languages.
- We have lived here for five years.
- Anvar broke the window.
- She goes to the gym twice a week.
- You watched a comedy last night.
B qism. Xatoni tuzating.
- 9. Where you are from?
- 10. Does your brother plays football?
- 11. Can you tell me where is the bank?
- 12. Who did win the match?
Javoblar: 1 — Where does she live? 2 — Are they tired? 3 — What time did he start work? yoki When did he start work? 4 — How many languages can you speak? 5 — How long have you lived here? 6 — Who broke the window? 7 — How often does she go to the gym? 8 — What did you watch last night? 9 — Where are you from? 10 — Does your brother play football? 11 — Can you tell me where the bank is? 12 — Who won the match?
10–12 ta to‘g‘ri bo‘lsa, qoidani tushungansiz. Endi uni nutqqa ko‘chiring: har kuni suhbatda kamida uchta savol bering.
Savolni suhbatda ishlatish
Savol berishni bilish suhbatni bir tomonlama intervyudan ikki tomonlama suhbatga aylantiradi. Javobingizdan keyin What about you? yoki bitta aniq savol qo‘shing: I work in a bank. How about you, where do you work? Suhbatni boshlash uchun tayyor savollar inglizcha conversation starters sahifasida. Savol tuzish grammatikaning qaysi bosqichiga to‘g‘ri kelishini ingliz tili grammatikasi: nimadan boshlash sahifasida ko‘rasiz. Present simple va continuous farqi chalkash bo‘lsa, avval present simple va present continuous farqi qo‘llanmasini ko‘ring, chunki Do you work? va Are you working? ma’nosi farq qiladi.
BandMate bilan savol berishni mashq qilish
BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan ovozli suhbat paytida faqat javob bermay, o‘zingiz ham savol bering: Bandi javob beradi va suhbat davom etadi. Darslarda savol tuzilishi bosqichma-bosqich takrorlanadi, o‘zbekcha yoki ruscha tushuntirish bilan. Og‘zaki savolda tartib xatosi yozuvdagidan ko‘proq chiqadi, shuning uchun uni ovoz chiqarib mashq qilish muhim.
Manbalar
- British Council LearnEnglish: Grammar — darajalar bo‘yicha grammatika tushuntirishlari va mashqlar.
- Cambridge Dictionary — so‘z va misol gaplar.
