Inglizcha darak gapda so‘zlar qat’iy tartibda turadi: Ega + Fe’l + To‘ldiruvchi, keyin joy, oxirida vaqt. My grandmother pours tea for the guests every morning. O‘zbekchada fe’l gap oxiriga boradi: Buvim har kuni ertalab mehmonlarga choy quyadi. Inglizchada esa fe’l egadan keyin darhol keladi.
Buni SOV → SVO deb ataladi: o‘zbekcha Subject–Object–Verb, inglizcha Subject–Verb–Object. Tartib xatolarining ko‘pchiligi shu farqdan kelib chiqadi.
Nega inglizchada tartibni o‘zgartirib bo‘lmaydi
O‘zbekchada kim nima qilganini qo‘shimchalar ko‘rsatadi. Shuning uchun so‘zlarni aralashtirsa ham ma’no saqlanadi:
- Bola itni urdi. = Itni bola urdi. — ikkalasida ham urgan bola (-ni qo‘shimchasi it da).
Inglizchada kelishik qo‘shimchalari yo‘q. Ma’noni faqat o‘rin beradi:
- The boy hit the dog. — Bola itni urdi.
- The dog hit the boy. — It bolani urdi.
So‘zlar bir xil, lekin ma’no teskari. Inglizcha gap tuzayotganda doim o‘zingizdan so‘rang: “Kim? → nima qildi? → nimani?”
Asosiy qolip: kim, nima qildi, nimani, qayerda, qachon
| Kim | Nima qiladi | Nimani / kimni | Qanday | Qayerda | Qachon |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | met | my teacher | — | at Chorsu | yesterday. |
| She | speaks | English | very well | at work | — |
| We | played | football | — | in the park | after school. |
| My brother | is learning | Korean | — | in Seoul | this year. |
Oxirgi uch ustunni qanday → qayerda → qachon deb eslab qoling. O‘zbekcha tartib teskari: Kecha Chorsuda o‘qituvchimni uchratdim — vaqt oldinda, joy o‘rtada, fe’l oxirda.
Vaqtni gap boshiga ham chiqarish mumkin, ayniqsa ta’kid kerak bo‘lsa: Yesterday I met my teacher at Chorsu. Lekin fe’l bilan to‘ldiruvchi orasiga hech narsa qo‘ymang: I met yesterday my teacher — xato.
Ega majburiy: It is cold, there is a bazaar
O‘zbekchada ega ko‘pincha tushib qoladi: Sovuq. Yomg‘ir yog‘yapti. Yaqinda bozor bor. Inglizchada gapda ega bo‘lishi shart, hatto u hech narsani bildirmasa ham:
- Is cold today. → It’s cold today.
- Is raining. → It’s raining.
- Near my house is a bazaar. → There’s a bazaar near my house.
- Is very interesting this book. → This book is very interesting.
There is / there are qolipi haqida there is va there are sahifasida batafsil yozilgan.
Ravishlarning o‘rni
Ravish o‘zbekchada deyarli istalgan joyda turadi. Inglizchada uning uch xil o‘rni bor.
1. Takror ravishlari (always, usually, often, sometimes, rarely, never) — asosiy fe’ldan oldin, lekin be va yordamchi fe’ldan keyin:
- I usually drink green tea.
- She is always late.
- We have never been to Khiva.
Also, just, already, still, only ham shu joyda turadi: I have already paid. She also speaks Russian.
2. Holat ravishlari (well, fast, carefully, slowly) — to‘ldiruvchidan keyin:
- She speaks English well. (She speaks well English — xato.)
- He drives the car carefully.
3. Very much — gap oxirida, fe’l oldida emas:
- I like it very much. (I very like it — o‘zbekcha juda yoqtiraman dan ko‘chgan xato.)
- Thank you very much.
Vaqt iboralari (last week, every day, in the morning) qayerda turishi haqida misollar vaqt iboralari sahifasida.
Ikki to‘ldiruvchi: kimga va nimani
Give, send, show, buy, tell kabi fe’llar ikki to‘ldiruvchi oladi. Ikki tartib bor:
- I gave my mother a scarf. — kimga + nimani, predlogsiz.
- I gave a scarf to my mother. — nimani + to kimga.
Explain, describe, say, suggest fe’llari esa faqat ikkinchi tartibda ishlaydi:
- Explain me the rule ✗ → Explain the rule to me ✓
- Say me the answer ✗ → Tell me the answer ✓ yoki Say the answer to me ✓
Sifatlar: otdan oldin, be dan keyin
Sifat otdan oldin keladi: a big house, fresh bread. Be dan keyin yolg‘iz turadi: The house is big. Bir nechta sifat qaysi tartibda kelishi (a beautiful old wooden box) sifatlar tartibi sahifasida.
Ikki istisno ko‘p xatoga sabab bo‘ladi:
- -thing / -body / -where so‘zlaridan keyin: something interesting, somebody new. (interesting something emas.)
- enough: sifatdan keyin, otdan oldin: old enough, enough money.
Savol va inkorda tartib
Savolda yordamchi fe’l egadan oldinga chiqadi: You are tired. → Are you tired? She lives here. → Where does she live? Bu qoidalar ingliz tilida savol tuzish sahifasida bosqichma-bosqich tushuntirilgan.
Muloyim savollarda esa tartib yana darak gapga qaytadi: Can you tell me where the bank is? Bu haqda alohida indirect questions sahifasi bor.
O‘zbekcha qolipdan ko‘chgan 10 ta tartib xatosi
| Noto‘g‘ri | To‘g‘ri |
|---|---|
| I every day English study. | I study English every day. |
| My friend in Tashkent lives. | My friend lives in Tashkent. |
| I very like plov. | I like plov very much. |
| She speaks very well English. | She speaks English very well. |
| Is very hot today. | It’s very hot today. |
| I go always to the gym. | I always go to the gym. |
| We yesterday went to the cinema. | We went to the cinema yesterday. |
| Explain me this word. | Explain this word to me. |
| I saw interesting something. | I saw something interesting. |
| He is enough old to drive. | He is old enough to drive. |
Kurslarda tanishuv: dialog
Quyidagi dialogda har bir gap SVO + joy + vaqt tartibida.
Jasur: Hi, I’m Jasur. I work at a bank in Yunusabad.
Anna: Nice to meet you. I’m Anna. I teach English at a school near here.
Jasur: Do you live in Tashkent?
Anna: Yes, I moved here last year. I really like the city.
Jasur: Have you tried our plov yet?
Anna: Of course! My neighbour cooks it every Thursday. She always gives me a big plate.
Jasur: Then you’re lucky. I usually eat it only at weddings!
Mashq: 12 ta gap tuzing
So‘zlarni to‘g‘ri tartibga qo‘ying.
- 1. coffee / never / drinks / my father
- 2. in Samarkand / live / my grandparents
- 3. yesterday / met / at the bazaar / I / my cousin
- 4. very well / plays / the piano / she
- 5. late / is / never / our teacher
- 6. to me / explain / the problem / please
- 7. cold / it / is / today / very
- 8. interesting / something / I / read / last night
- 9. my sister / a present / bought / I / for her birthday
- 10. enough / isn’t / money / there / for a taxi
- 11. have / to Khiva / been / never / we
- 12. every Saturday / football / in the park / play / we
Javoblar
- 1. My father never drinks coffee. — takror ravishi fe’ldan oldin.
- 2. My grandparents live in Samarkand.
- 3. I met my cousin at the bazaar yesterday. — joy, keyin vaqt (yoki Yesterday I met…).
- 4. She plays the piano very well. — holat ravishi to‘ldiruvchidan keyin.
- 5. Our teacher is never late. — be dan keyin ravish.
- 6. Please explain the problem to me. — explain + narsa + to + kishi.
- 7. It is very cold today. — ega it majburiy.
- 8. I read something interesting last night. — sifat something dan keyin.
- 9. I bought my sister a present for her birthday.
- 10. There isn’t enough money for a taxi. — enough otdan oldin.
- 11. We have never been to Khiva. — ravish yordamchi fe’ldan keyin.
- 12. We play football in the park every Saturday. — joy, keyin vaqt.
So‘z tartibini gapirganda avtomatlashtirish
Yozganda tartibni tekshirishga vaqt bor, gapirganda esa miya o‘zbekcha qolipga qaytadi va fe’l gap oxiriga suriladi. BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan o‘zingiz, ishingiz va kuningiz haqida qisqa suhbatlar qilasiz. Har gapda fe’lni egadan keyin darhol aytishni mashq qilasiz. Bugun sinab ko‘ring: kechagi kuningiz haqida beshta gap ayting, har birini Kim → nima qildi → nimani → qayerda → qachon tartibida tuzing.
BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling
