There is va there are: “bor” va “yo‘q” inglizcha, rasmli mashq

There is va there are biror joyda nimadir borligini aytish uchun ishlatiladi. Bitta narsa yoki sanalmaydigan narsa uchun there is (there’s): There is a bank near my house. Bir nechta narsa uchun there are: There are two parks in our district. “Yo‘q” deyish uchun not yoki no qo‘shiladi: There isn’t a lift. There are no chairs.

O‘zbekcha “bor” va “yo‘q” so‘zlarini inglizchaga o‘girayotganda deyarli har doim shu qurilma kerak bo‘ladi. Uyimiz yonida dorixona bor — There’s a pharmacy near our house. Faqat so‘z tartibi boshqacha, buni quyida ko‘rasiz.

So‘z tartibi: o‘zbekcha va inglizcha

O‘zbekchada avval joy, keyin narsa, eng oxirida “bor” keladi. Inglizchada aksincha: avval there is/are, keyin narsa, joy esa oxirida.

O‘zbekcha	Tartib	Inglizcha
Stolda kitob bor.	joy + narsa + bor	There is a book on the table.
Mahallamizda ikkita maktab bor.	joy + son + narsa + bor	There are two schools in our mahalla.
Muzlatgichda sut yo‘q.	joy + narsa + yo‘q	There isn’t any milk in the fridge.
Bu yerda bankomat bormi?	joy + narsa + bormi	Is there an ATM here?

Inglizcha formula bitta: There + be + narsa + joy. There bu yerda “u yerda” degan ma’noni bermaydi, u shunchaki gapning boshini egallab turadi. Tarjima qilganda uni tashlab ketasiz.

O‘zbek va rus tilida o‘ylaganda ko‘pincha shunday gap chiqadi: On the table is a book yoki In my room have a bed. Ikkalasi ham ingliz tilida g‘alati eshitiladi. To‘g‘risi: There’s a book on the table. There’s a bed in my room.

Is yoki are: narsaga qarab

Nima haqida	Shakl	Misol
bitta sanaladigan narsa	there is a/an …	There’s a sofa in the living room.
bir nechta narsa	there are + son / some / a lot of …	There are three bedrooms.
sanalmaydigan narsa (suv, non, pul, vaqt)	there is some / a lot of / a little …	There’s some bread on the table.
ro‘yxat	birinchi narsaga qarab	There’s a bed and two chairs. / There are two chairs and a bed.

Sanalmaydigan ot hech qachon a olmaydi va ko‘plik bo‘lmaydi: There is a water emas, There is some water. Qaysi so‘z sanaladi, qaysi biri sanalmaydi — sanaladigan va sanalmaydigan otlar sahifasida ro‘yxat bilan.

Ro‘yxatdagi qoida ko‘pchilikni hayron qoldiradi: fe’l o‘zidan keyingi birinchi so‘zga moslanadi. Og‘zaki nutqda ona tilida gapiradiganlar ko‘plik oldidan ham there’s deb yuborishadi (There’s two chairs), lekin yozma ishda va imtihonda there are ishlating.

Inkor gap: “yo‘q”

Shakl	Misol	Tarjima
there isn’t a/an …	There isn’t a lift in our building.	Binomizda lift yo‘q.
there aren’t any …	There aren’t any shops near here.	Bu atrofda do‘kon yo‘q.
there isn’t any … (sanalmaydigan)	There isn’t any sugar left.	Shakar qolmadi.
there’s no …	There’s no hot water today.	Bugun issiq suv yo‘q.
there are no …	There are no seats on the bus.	Avtobusda o‘rindiq yo‘q.

No ning o‘zi inkor, shuning uchun uni not bilan birga ishlatmang: There isn’t no milk xato. Yo There isn’t any milk, yo There’s no milk. Some, any, no tanlash qoidasi alohida: some, any, no qoidasi.

So‘roq gap va javob

Is yoki are oldinga chiqadi:

Is there a pharmacy near here? — Yes, there is. / No, there isn’t.
Are there any good cafés in Yunusabad? — Yes, there are. / No, there aren’t.
Is there any tea left? — Yes, there’s a little.
How many students are there in your group? — There are fifteen.
What is there in the box? — There are some old photos.

Qisqa ijobiy javobda qisqartma yo‘q: Yes, there is, Yes, there’s emas. How many dan keyin doim ko‘plik va are there.

O‘tgan va kelasi zamonda

Zamon	Birlik	Ko‘plik	Misol
hozirgi	there is	there are	There’s a new metro station.
o‘tgan	there was	there were	There was a cinema here twenty years ago. — Yigirma yil oldin bu yerda kinoteatr bor edi.
kelasi	there will be	there will be	There will be a concert on Navruz. — Navro‘zda konsert bo‘ladi.
Present Perfect	there has been	there have been	There have been a lot of changes. — Ko‘p o‘zgarishlar bo‘ldi.

There will be ko‘plikda ham o‘zgarmaydi: There will be three speakers. Ko‘p uchraydigan yana bir shakl: There’s going to be a storm.

Rasmli misol: xonani tasvirlash

Nigoraning yotoqxonasi: karavot, deraza, rasm va tumbochka

Rasmga qarab Nigora o‘z xonasini shunday tasvirlaydi:

This is my bedroom. It’s small but cosy. There’s a wooden bed in the middle of the room, and there’s a colourful blanket on it. There’s a window behind the bed, so the room is bright in the morning. There’s a small table next to the bed, and there’s a lamp on it. There’s a picture on the wall. There isn’t a desk in my room, so I do my homework in the living room. There aren’t any posters on the walls — my mum doesn’t like them.

Endi o‘z xonangizni xuddi shu qolipda besh gapda ayting: uchta there is/are, ikkita there isn’t/aren’t. Kerakli so‘zlar:

There’s a bed. — Karavot bor. — **There’s a bed.**Karavot bor.

There’s a sofa. — Divan bor. — **There’s a sofa.**Divan bor.

There’s a table. — Stol bor. — **There’s a table.**Stol bor.

There’s a window. — Deraza bor. — **There’s a window.**Deraza bor.

There’s a door. — Eshik bor. — **There’s a door.**Eshik bor.

There’s a fridge. — Muzlatgich bor. — **There’s a fridge.**Muzlatgich bor.

There’s a balcony. — Balkon bor. — **There’s a balcony.**Balkon bor.

There’s a courtyard. — Hovli bor. — **There’s a courtyard.**Hovli bor.

Uydagi boshqa buyumlarning nomlari, jumladan xontaxta va ko‘rpacha kabi o‘zbek uyiga xos so‘zlar uy jihozlari inglizcha sahifasida.

There is yoki have? There yoki it?

Ikkala gap ham to‘g‘ri: There are three rooms in our flat va Our flat has three rooms. Birinchisi joydan boshlaydi, ikkinchisi egadan. Lekin In our flat have three rooms xato: have dan oldin ega (our flat, we) turishi kerak.

It va there ham chalkashadi. There narsaning borligini aytadi, it esa allaqachon aytilgan narsani ko‘rsatadi: There’s a new café on our street. It’s very good. Bu farq it va there farqi sahifasida kengroq.

Tipik xatolar

Noto‘g‘ri	To‘g‘ri	Sabab
In my room is a bed.	There’s a bed in my room.	o‘zbekcha so‘z tartibi
In Tashkent have many parks.	There are many parks in Tashkent.	have ning egasi yo‘q
There is two banks near here.	There are two banks near here.	ko‘plik — are
There are a lot of traffic.	There is a lot of traffic.	traffic sanalmaydi
There isn’t no bread.	There isn’t any bread. / There’s no bread.	ikki inkor
Is there any shops?	Are there any shops?	ko‘plik — are
There was many people at the wedding.	There were many people at the wedding.	people ko‘plik
There will be a rain tomorrow.	It will rain tomorrow.	ob-havo fe’l bilan

Mashq: 14 ta gap

A. There is yoki there are qo‘ying.

1. ______ a big mosque in the centre of our town.
2. ______ twenty-five students in my class.
3. ______ some rice in the cupboard.
4. ______ a table and four chairs in the kitchen.
5. ______ any buses to Chimgan in the morning?

B. Inkor yoki so‘roq gap tuzing.

6. (inkor) there / a lift / in our building
7. (so‘roq) there / a bus stop / near here
8. (so‘roq) how many / rooms / there / in your flat

C. There was yoki there were qo‘ying.

9. ______ a lot of snow last winter.
10. ______ only two students at the lesson yesterday.
11. ______ a small shop here when I was a child.

D. Xatoni tuzating.

12. In our street have three cafés.
13. There is a lot of people in the metro.
14. There aren’t no apples left.

Javoblar

1 — There is; 2 — There are; 3 — There is; 4 — There is; 5 — Are there.

6 — There isn’t a lift in our building. 7 — Is there a bus stop near here? 8 — How many rooms are there in your flat?

9 — There was; 10 — There were; 11 — There was.

12 — There are three cafés in our street. 13 — There are a lot of people in the metro. 14 — There aren’t any apples left. (yoki There are no apples left.)

Izohlar:

3-gap: rice sanalmaydi, some bo‘lsa ham birlik: there is.
4-gap: ro‘yxat a table bilan boshlanadi, shuning uchun there is. Four chairs bilan boshlansa, there are bo‘lardi.
5-gap: any buses ko‘plik, so‘roqda are there.
9-gap: snow sanalmaydi — there was.
13-gap: a lot of dan keyin people ko‘plik, fe’l unga qarab are.

Rasm bo‘yicha xona tasvirlash va 25 ta qo‘shimcha topshiriq there is / there are mashqlari sahifasida.

BandMate bilan gapirib mashq qiling

There is/are uy, shahar va ish joyini tasvirlaganda doim kerak: IELTS Speaking Part 1’dagi Tell me about your home savoli ham shunga tayanadi. BandMate ilovasida Bandi sizdan uyingiz va mahallangiz haqida so‘raydi, siz ovoz chiqarib javob berasiz va is/are xatolari ko‘rsatiladi. Bugun sinab ko‘ring: uyingizdan eng yaqin metro bekatigacha bo‘lgan yo‘lda nimalar borligini oltita gapda ayting.

BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling