Some darak gapda ishlatiladi: There’s some milk in the fridge. Any inkor va so‘roq gapda: There isn’t any milk. Is there any milk? No esa not any ning qisqa shakli, fe’l inkorsiz qoladi: There’s no milk. Uchalasi ham sanaladigan ko‘plik ot (some eggs) va sanalmaydigan ot (some rice) bilan keladi.
Muhim istisno: taklif va iltimosda so‘roq gap bo‘lsa ham some ishlatiladi, chunki “ha” javobi kutiladi: Would you like some tea? Can I have some water, please?
Muzlatgich misolida: asosiy jadval
| Gap turi | Sanaladigan: eggs | Sanalmaydigan: cheese |
|---|---|---|
| Darak | There are some eggs. | There’s some cheese. |
| Inkor (not any) | There aren’t any eggs. | There isn’t any cheese. |
| Inkor (no) | There are no eggs. | There’s no cheese. |
| Oddiy so‘roq | Are there any eggs? | Is there any cheese? |
| Taklif, iltimos | Would you like some eggs? | Can I have some cheese? |
Some o‘zbekchaga ko‘pincha tarjima qilinmaydi yoki “biroz, bir nechta” deb o‘giriladi: I bought some bread — Non oldim. Any ham so‘roqda tarjimasiz qoladi: Do you have any questions? — Savollaringiz bormi? Inkorda esa “hech” so‘ziga yaqin: I don’t have any money — Menda hech pul yo‘q. There is/there are qolipi bilan ko‘proq misollar there is va there are sahifasida.
So‘roq gapda ham some: taklif va iltimos
O‘zbek mehmondo‘stligida taklif ko‘p: Choy ichasizmi? Yana osh solaymi? Inglizchada bu savollar some bilan tuziladi, chunki siz javob “ha” bo‘lishini kutasiz va narsa tayyor turibdi:
- Would you like some more plov? — Yana osh solaymi?
- Do you want some help with those bags? — Sumkalarni olishga yordam beraymi?
- Can I have some bread, please? — Non bering, iltimos.
- Could you give me some advice? — Menga maslahat bera olasizmi?
Agar mehmonga Would you like any tea? desangiz, gap xato bo‘lmasa ham “ichmasangiz ham mayli” degan sovuq ohang chiqadi. Oddiy ma’lumot so‘raganda esa any tabiiy: Is there any tea left? — Choy qoldimi? (bilmayman, shuning uchun so‘rayapman). So‘rash va taklif qilishning muloyim iboralari ingliz tilida iltimos qilish sahifasida.
Any darak gapda: istalgan, har qanday
Any darak gapda ham keladi, lekin ma’nosi o‘zgaradi: “qaysi biri bo‘lsa ham, istalgan”. Bu holda u ko‘pincha birlikdagi ot bilan turadi va urg‘u oladi:
- Take any seat. — Istalgan joyga o‘tiring.
- Any bus from this stop goes to the centre. — Bu bekatdagi istalgan avtobus markazga boradi.
- You can call me any time. — Istalgan vaqtda qo‘ng‘iroq qiling.
- Any student can apply for this course. — Har qanday talaba bu kursga yozila oladi.
If dan keyin ham any odatiy: If you have any questions, write to me. Without va hardly bilan ham: He did it without any help. There’s hardly any sugar left.
No va not any: bitta inkor yetadi
No va not any bir xil ma’no beradi, no biroz kuchliroq eshitiladi. Asosiy qoida: gapda faqat bitta inkor bo‘ladi.
| Not any | No |
|---|---|
| I don’t have any cash. | I have no cash. |
| There aren’t any buses after midnight. | There are no buses after midnight. |
| We didn’t get any news from him. | We got no news from him. |
Yolg‘iz javobda no emas, none yoki not any ishlatiladi: — Is there any bread? — No, there’s none. / No, there isn’t any.
Bu yerda o‘zbek tili xalaqit beradi. O‘zbekchada ikki inkor odatiy: Hech kim kelmadi. Hech narsa demadi. — hech va fe’ldagi -ma birga turadi. Inglizchada esa nobody ning o‘zi inkor: Nobody came. Nobody didn’t come — xato. Inkor gaplarning boshqa turlari ingliz tilida inkor gaplar sahifasida.
Somebody, anything, nowhere: yasalgan so‘zlar
Some, any, no ga -body/-one (odam), -thing (narsa), -where (joy) qo‘shilib yangi so‘zlar yasaladi. Ular ham xuddi o‘sha qoidaga bo‘ysunadi.
| Odam | Narsa | Joy | |
|---|---|---|---|
| some- (darak, taklif) | somebody / someone — kimdir | something — nimadir | somewhere — qayerdadir |
| any- (inkor, so‘roq) | anybody / anyone — hech kim, biror kishi | anything — hech narsa, biror narsa | anywhere — hech qayerda, biror joyda |
| no- (fe’l inkorsiz) | nobody / no one — hech kim | nothing — hech narsa | nowhere — hech qayerda |
- Somebody is knocking at the door. — Kimdir eshik taqillatyapti.
- Would you like something to drink? — Biror narsa ichasizmi? (taklif — some)
- Did anyone call me? — Menga kimdir qo‘ng‘iroq qildimi?
- I didn’t buy anything. = I bought nothing. — Hech narsa olmadim.
- There’s nowhere to park near the bazaar. — Bozor yonida mashina qo‘yadigan joy yo‘q.
Bu so‘zlar bilan fe’l doim birlikda keladi: Somebody is… Nobody knows… Everything is ready. Every- guruhi (everybody, everything) va boshqa tafsilotlar somebody, anybody, nobody sahifasida.
Mahalla do‘konida: dialog
Kech soat to‘qqiz. Bobur uyiga yaqin do‘konga kirdi.
Bobur: Good evening. Have you got any fresh bread?
Rustam aka: Sorry, there’s no bread left. The bakery brings some at seven in the morning.
Bobur: Oh. Is there anywhere near here that sells bread in the evening?
Rustam aka: The supermarket across the road might have some.
Bobur: Thanks. Can I have some eggs, then? Ten, please.
Rustam aka: Here you are. Would you like some cheese too? It came in today.
Bobur: No, thanks. I don’t need anything else. Have you got any change? I’ve only got a big note.
Rustam aka: No problem, I’ve got some.
Any fresh bread? — oddiy so‘roq; no bread — inkor; some eggs — iltimos; some cheese — taklif; anything else — inkor; some (qaytim) — darak gap. Do‘kondagi boshqa vaziyatlar do‘konda inglizcha dialog sahifasida.
Nobody didn’t come va boshqa xatolar
| Noto‘g‘ri | To‘g‘ri | Sababi |
|---|---|---|
| Nobody didn’t come. | Nobody came. | bitta inkor |
| I don’t have no money. | I don’t have any money. / I have no money. | bitta inkor |
| We don’t have some eggs. | We don’t have any eggs. | inkorda any |
| Would you like any tea? | Would you like some tea? | taklifda any sovuq eshitiladi |
| There is any milk. | There is some milk. | darakda some |
| I didn’t see nobody. | I didn’t see anybody. | didn’t bilan any- |
| I can’t find my keys somewhere. | I can’t find my keys anywhere. | inkorda any- |
| Somebody are waiting. | Somebody is waiting. | fe’l birlikda |
Mashq: 15 ta savol
A. Muzlatgichni tekshiring. Rasmlar ostidagi narsalardan qaysilari bor (✓), qaysilari yo‘q (✗). Har biri uchun gap tuzing: There’s some… / There isn’t any… / There are no…
- 1–6. milk, cheese, eggs, juice, vegetables, chicken.
B. Some, any yoki no qo‘ying.
- 7. Would you like ______ water?
- 8. Sorry, I can’t lend you money. I have ______ cash on me.
- 9. Did you buy ______ souvenirs in Bukhara?
- 10. You can come ______ day this week, I’m free.
- 11. Can I have ______ napkins, please?
C. Xatoni tuzating.
- 12. Nobody didn’t answer the phone.
- 13. I didn’t eat nothing at the party.
- 14. Is there somewhere a pharmacy near here? (oddiy so‘roq)
- 15. We haven’t got some sugar.
Javoblar
- 1. There’s some milk. — bor, darak gap.
- 2. There isn’t any cheese. yoki There’s no cheese.
- 3. There are some eggs. — ko‘plik, are.
- 4. There isn’t any juice. yoki There’s no juice.
- 5. There are some vegetables.
- 6. There isn’t any chicken. yoki There’s no chicken. — bu yerda chicken go‘sht, sanalmaydi.
- 7. some — taklif.
- 8. no — fe’l (have) inkorsiz, shuning uchun no.
- 9. any — oddiy so‘roq.
- 10. any — “istalgan kun”.
- 11. some — iltimos.
- 12. Nobody answered the phone. — bitta inkor.
- 13. I didn’t eat anything at the party. yoki I ate nothing at the party.
- 14. Is there a pharmacy anywhere near here? — oddiy so‘roqda any-.
- 15. We haven’t got any sugar. — inkorda any.
Do‘kon va mehmondorchilik gaplarini Bandi bilan takrorlash
Some va any ni tanlash yozma testda oson, jonli suhbatda esa soniyalar ichida qaror qilish kerak. BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan ovozli suhbatda uyingiz, xaridlaringiz va kuningiz haqida gapirasiz, darslarda qoidalar o‘zbekcha izohlanadi. Bugungi vazifa: o‘z muzlatgichingizni oching va unda nima bor, nima yo‘qligini beshta gap bilan ovoz chiqarib ayting, keyin bitta taklif qo‘shing: Would you like some…?
BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling
