“Iltimos” inglizcha please. Lekin ingliz tilida so‘rovni muloyim qiladigan narsa faqat please emas, gapning shakli ham: buyruq o‘rniga savol ishlatiladi. Give me the pen, please deyish mumkin, lekin notanish odamga Could you pass me the pen, please? ancha yaxshi. So‘rov qanchalik katta bo‘lsa, gap shunchalik uzun va yumshoq bo‘ladi: Can you…? → Could you…? → Would you mind…? → I was wondering if you could…
Bugun bitta qolipni yodlang, u deyarli hamma joyda ishlaydi: Could you…, please? Masalan, Could you say that again, please?
Muloyimlik zinapoyasi: 7 daraja
| Daraja | Qolip | Misol | Tarjima | Kimga, qachon |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Buyruq + please | Pass the bread, please. | Nonni uzating, iltimos. | Oila, dasturxonda, juda kichik narsa |
| 2 | Can you…? | Can you open the window? | Derazani ochib yuborasizmi? | Do‘st, tanish hamkasb |
| 3 | Could you…? | Could you send me the file? | Faylni yuborib bera olasizmi? | Hamma; eng xavfsiz tanlov |
| 4 | Would you…? | Would you close the door, please? | Eshikni yopib qo‘yasizmi? | Muloyim, lekin biroz qat’iy |
| 5 | Would you mind + -ing? | Would you mind waiting a few minutes? | Bir necha daqiqa kutib tursangiz maylimi? | Kattaroq iltimos, notanish odam |
| 6 | Could you possibly…? / I was wondering if you could… | I was wondering if you could check my essay. | Inshomni ko‘rib bera olarmikansiz, deb o‘ylagandim. | Katta iltimos, ustoz, rahbar |
| 7 | I would be grateful if you could… | I would be grateful if you could reply by Friday. | Juma kunigacha javob bersangiz, minnatdor bo‘lardim. | Rasmiy xat |
Can va could ning farqi kichik, lekin sezilarli: Could you…? har doim bir pog‘ona yumshoqroq. Notanish odamga, do‘konda, ofisda aynan shuni ishlating. Would ning boshqa vazifalari would qachon ishlatiladi sahifasida, barcha modal fe’llar esa modal fe’llar jadvalida.
Diqqat: Would you mind dan keyin fe’l -ing bilan keladi. Would you mind to wait xato, Would you mind waiting to‘g‘ri.
Please qayerda turadi
- Gap oxirida, vergul bilan: Could you help me, please? Eng tabiiy joy.
- Modal fe’ldan keyin: Could you please help me? Ham to‘g‘ri, biroz qat’iyroq eshitiladi. Takroriy iltimosda ko‘p ishlatiladi: Could you please turn the music down? (ikkinchi marta so‘rayotgan bo‘lsangiz).
- Gap boshida: Please sit down. Please help yourself. Bu ko‘pincha taklif yoki ko‘rsatma: mezbon mehmonga, o‘qituvchi o‘quvchiga aytadi. Notanish odamdan biror narsa so‘raganda Please give me… buyruqdek eshitiladi.
Ikki “please” tuzog‘i
Taklifga javob. O‘zbekchada “rahmat” ham “ha”, ham “yo‘q” ma’nosida kelishi mumkin. Ingliz tilida esa aniq aytiladi: taklifni qabul qilsangiz Yes, please, rad etsangiz No, thank you. Mezbon Would you like some more tea? desa, shunchaki Thank you deb qo‘ysangiz, u choy quyish yoki quymaslikni bilmay qoladi.
Rahmatga javob. Ruscha «пожалуйста» ham “iltimos”, ham “arzimaydi” degani. Shuning uchun rus tilida gaplashadiganlar Thank you ga Please deb javob beradi. Bu xato: rahmatga You’re welcome yoki No problem deyiladi. Batafsil rahmat inglizcha sahifasida.
Ruxsat so‘rash: Can I, May I, Do you mind if I
| Qolip | Misol | Tarjima | Daraja |
|---|---|---|---|
| Can I…? | Can I sit here? | Shu yerga o‘tirsam bo‘ladimi? | Oddiy |
| Could I…? | Could I borrow your charger? | Zaryadlagichingizni olib tursam bo‘ladimi? | Muloyim |
| May I…? | May I come in? | Kirsam maylimi? | Rasmiy, o‘qituvchi yoki rahbarga |
| Do you mind if I…? | Do you mind if I open the window? | Derazani ochsam qarshi emasmisiz? | Muloyim |
| Would it be OK if I…? | Would it be OK if I left a bit early today? | Bugun biroz erta ketsam bo‘ladimi? | Juda muloyim, ishda |
| Is it all right if I…? | Is it all right if I bring a friend? | Do‘stimni olib kelsam bo‘ladimi? | Neytral |
Javob berish: rozilik va rad etish
| Vaziyat | Ibora | Tarjima |
|---|---|---|
| Rozilik | Sure. / Of course. / No problem. | Albatta. / Bemalol. |
| Rozilik, rasmiy | Certainly. | Albatta. |
| Ruxsat berish | Go ahead. / Help yourself. | Bemalol. / Oling, marhamat. |
| Kechiktirish | Just a moment, I’ll do it right after this call. | Bir daqiqa, qo‘ng‘iroqdan keyin qilaman. |
| Muloyim rad | I’m afraid I can’t right now. Can it wait until two? | Afsuski, hozir qila olmayman. Soat ikkigacha kutib tursa bo‘ladimi? |
| Sababli rad | I’d like to help, but I’m leaving in five minutes. | Yordam bermoqchi edim, lekin besh daqiqadan keyin ketaman. |
Would you mind tuzog‘i. Would you mind…? aslida “qarshi emasmisiz?” degan savol. Shuning uchun rozilik — No, not at all yoki Of course not (“yo‘q, qarshi emasman”). Agar Yes, I do desangiz, “ha, qarshiman” degan bo‘lasiz. Ko‘pchilik o‘zbek o‘quvchilari bu yerda Yes deydi va so‘ragan odam hayron qoladi.
- Would you mind closing the door? — Not at all. (Albatta yopaman.)
- Do you mind if I sit here? — No, go ahead. (Bemalol o‘tiring.)
Dialoglar
1. Ofisda hamkasbdan
Nigora: Sorry to bother you, Javlon. Would you mind having a look at my presentation before the meeting?
Javlon: Not at all. Send it over.
Nigora: Thanks! Could you check the numbers on slide four? I’m not sure they’re right.
Javlon: Sure. Give me ten minutes.
2. O‘qituvchidan katta iltimos
Diyor: Excuse me, Ms Saidova. May I ask you something?
Ms Saidova: Of course, Diyor.
Diyor: I was wondering if you could write me a reference for the summer school.
Ms Saidova: I’d be happy to. When do you need it?
Diyor: The deadline is next Friday. Would it be OK if I sent you the form tonight?
Ms Saidova: That’s fine.
3. Qo‘shnidan
Kamron: Hi, Mrs Tursunova. Could you possibly keep an eye on our flat this weekend? We’re going to Fergana.
Mrs Tursunova: Of course. Do you want me to water the plants?
Kamron: That would be great, thank you. I’ll leave the key with you.
4. Dorixonada
Xaridor: Hello. Could I have something for a sore throat, please?
Farmatsevt: Sure. Do you have a temperature?
Xaridor: No, just a sore throat. And could you write down how often I should take it?
Farmatsevt: Of course. Here you are.
O‘zbek o‘quvchilari ko‘p qiladigan xatolar
| Xato | To‘g‘ri | Izoh |
|---|---|---|
| Give me water, please. (kafeda) | Could I have some water, please? | Buyruq o‘rniga savol. |
| Please help me the bag. | Could you help me with the bag? | Help someone with something. |
| Would you mind to repeat? | Would you mind repeating that? | Mind + -ing. |
| — Thank you! — Please. | — Thank you! — You’re welcome. | «Пожалуйста» tuzog‘i. |
| I want a coffee. (do‘konda) | I’d like a coffee, please. | I want qo‘pol eshitilishi mumkin. |
| — Would you mind waiting? — Yes. | — No, not at all. | Yes = “qarshiman”. |
Mashq
A. So‘rovni muloyimroq qilib qayta yozing.
- 1. Give me your pen. (sinfdoshingizga)
- 2. Send me the report. (hamkasbingizga, Could)
- 3. Wait five minutes. (mijozga, Would you mind)
- 4. Check my CV. (ustozingizga, I was wondering)
- 5. Reply by Monday. (rasmiy xat, I would be grateful)
B. To‘g‘ri javobni tanlang.
- 6. Would you mind opening the window? Siz rozisiz. a) Yes, I mind. b) Not at all. c) Please.
- 7. Would you like some tea? Siz ichmoqchisiz. a) Thank you. b) Yes, please. c) You’re welcome.
- 8. Thank you so much! a) Please. b) You’re welcome. c) Yes, please.
- 9. Could you help me move this table? Siz band bo‘lsangiz. a) No. b) I’m afraid I can’t right now. Can it wait ten minutes? c) I don’t want.
- 10. Do you mind if I sit here? Siz qarshi emassiz. a) No, go ahead. b) Yes, sit. c) Yes, please.
Javoblar
1 — Can I borrow your pen? yoki Could you give me your pen, please?; 2 — Could you send me the report, please?; 3 — Would you mind waiting five minutes?; 4 — I was wondering if you could check my CV.; 5 — I would be grateful if you could reply by Monday.; 6 — b; 7 — b; 8 — b; 9 — b; 10 — a.
Iltimosning yaqin qarindoshi — taklif: kimnidir mehmonga chaqirish va taklifni muloyim rad etish taklif qilish inglizcha sahifasida.
BandMate bilan mashq
Muloyim so‘rovni bilish yetmaydi, uni ohang bilan aytish kerak: Could you…? ko‘tarilib boradigan, yumshoq ohangda aytiladi. BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan kafeda buyurtma berish, hamkasbdan yordam so‘rash yoki o‘qituvchiga murojaat qilish vaziyatlarini gapirib ko‘ring. Ilova so‘rovingiz buyruqdek eshitilsa yoki mind dan keyin -ing ni unutsangiz, izoh beradi. Bugun kamida uch marta Could you…, please? deb so‘rashga harakat qiling.
BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling
