Would oltita asosiy vazifada ishlatiladi: muloyim iltimos (Would you help me?), muloyim istak (I’d like a tea), real bo‘lmagan shart (If I had time, I would come), o‘tmishdagi takroriy odat (We would play in the yard), ko‘chirma gapdagi kelajak (He said he would call) va afzal ko‘rish (I’d rather stay home). Barchasida would dan keyin fe’l V1 bo‘ladi va to qo‘yilmaydi (would like to dagi to esa like ga tegishli).
Qiziq tomoni: o‘zbekchadagi -ardi shakli ham xuddi shunday ko‘p vazifali. Borardim “agar vaqtim bo‘lsa borardim” (shart) va “bolaligimda har yoz borardim” (odat) ma’nosini beradi. Would ni o‘zbek tilidagi -ardi ning inglizcha egizagi deb tasavvur qilsangiz, uning yarmini allaqachon bilasiz.
1. Muloyim iltimos va taklif
Will you…? ham iltimos, lekin u biroz to‘g‘ridan-to‘g‘ri eshitiladi. Would you…? yumshoqroq:
- Would you close the door, please? — Eshikni yopib yuborasizmi?
- Would you like some tea? — Choy ichasizmi? (taklif)
- Would you mind waiting a few minutes? — Bir necha daqiqa kutib tursangiz maylimi?
Would you mind…? dan keyin fe’l -ing oladi. Javobi o‘rganuvchilarni chalg‘itadi: mind “qarshi bo‘lmoq” degani, shuning uchun rozilik inkor bilan beriladi: No, not at all yoki Of course not — “Yo‘q, qarshi emasman, bemalol”. Yes, I do desangiz, “ha, qarshiman” degan bo‘lasiz.
Iltimosning boshqa darajalari (Can you…?, Could you…?) can, could va be able to sahifasida taqqoslangan.
2. Would like, would love, would prefer
I’d like — I want ning muloyim shakli. Kafeda, do‘konda, xatda va rasmiy suhbatda want o‘rniga shu ishlatiladi:
A: Good afternoon. What would you like?
B: I’d like a cappuccino and a piece of honey cake, please.
A: Would you like it here or to take away?
B: Here, please. And I’d love some water too.
Farqni esda tuting: I like coffee — umuman kofeni yaxshi ko‘raman; I’d like a coffee — hozir bitta kofe istayman. Would like dan keyin to + fe’l yoki ot keladi: I’d like to book a table, I’d like a table for two. Would you like…? savoliga javob: Yes, please yoki No, thank you (Yes, I would like emas).
3. Real bo‘lmagan shart: agar… bo‘lganda edi
Hozirgi yoki kelajakdagi xayoliy vaziyat uchun If + Past Simple, … would + V1:
- If I had more free time, I would learn to play the dutar. — Bo‘sh vaqtim ko‘proq bo‘lganda, dutor chalishni o‘rganardim.
- If I were you, I wouldn’t buy that phone. — Men sizning o‘rningizda bo‘lganimda, u telefonni olmasdim.
O‘tmishdagi amalga oshmagan vaziyat uchun If + Past Perfect, … would have + V3:
- If you had told me earlier, I would have helped. — Oldinroq aytganingizda, yordam bergan bo‘lardim.
Asosiy qoida: would shart qismida emas, natija qismida turadi. If I would have money xato. Shart gaplarning to‘liq tizimi second conditional sahifasida.
4. O‘tmishdagi takroriy odat
Eski kunlarni eslaganda would takrorlangan harakatlarni tasvirlaydi:
- My grandmother would bake non every Friday. — Buvim har juma non yopardi.
- After school we would play football until dark. — Maktabdan keyin qorong‘i tushguncha futbol o‘ynardik.
Cheklov: would faqat harakat uchun. Holat (be, have, live, know, like) uchun used to kerak: We used to live in Andijan, We would live in Andijan emas. Used to va would ning to‘liq farqi used to va be used to sahifasida.
5. Ko‘chirma gap va o‘tmishdagi kelajak
To‘g‘ri gapdagi will o‘zlashtirma gapda ko‘pincha would ga o‘tadi:
- “I’ll call you tomorrow.” → He said he would call me the next day. — U ertasi kuni qo‘ng‘iroq qilishini aytdi.
- “Will you come?” → She asked if I would come. — U kelish-kelmasligimni so‘radi.
Xuddi shu mantiq o‘tmishdan turib kelajakka qaraganda ham ishlaydi: I knew you would like Bukhara. (Buxoro sizga yoqishini bilardim.) Qoidaning qolgan qismi (zamonlar siljishi, said va told) reported speech sahifasida.
6. Would rather: afzal ko‘rish
I’d rather + V1 (to siz) — “…ni afzal ko‘raman, yaxshisi…”:
- I’d rather stay at home tonight. — Bugun kechqurun uyda qolganim ma’qul.
- I’d rather walk than take a taxi. — Taksidan ko‘ra piyoda yurishni afzal ko‘raman.
- Would you rather have plov or manti? — Osh yoki manti, qaysi birini xohlaysiz?
Boshqa odam haqida gapirganda tuzilma o‘zgaradi: I’d rather you didn’t smoke here. (Bu yerda chekmasangiz yaxshi bo‘lardi.) Fe’l o‘tgan zamonda, lekin ma’no hozir haqida. Bu va unga yaqin It’s time… tuzilmasi it’s time va would rather sahifasida.
Bonus: I’d — would yoki had?
Qisqa ’d ikki xil so‘z bo‘lishi mumkin. Ortidan keladigan fe’lga qarang:
| Gap | ’d = ? | Belgisi |
|---|---|---|
| I’d go with you. | would | ortidan V1 |
| I’d gone home. | had | ortidan V3 |
| I’d better leave. | had | had better iborasi |
| I’d have told you. | would | ortidan have + V3 |
Yana bir kam uchraydigan ma’no: wouldn’t o‘tmishda “ko‘nmadi, ishlamadi” deganni bildiradi: The car wouldn’t start this morning. (Bugun ertalab mashina o‘t olmadi.)
O‘zbek o‘rganuvchilar qiladigan xatolar
| Noto‘g‘ri | To‘g‘ri | Izoh |
|---|---|---|
| If I would have money, I would travel. | If I had money, I would travel. | if qismida would yo‘q |
| I would like go to Samarkand. | I would like to go to Samarkand. | like dan keyin to |
| Would you mind to open the window? | Would you mind opening the window? | mind + -ing |
| I want a coffee. (kafeda) | I’d like a coffee, please. | want qo‘pol eshitiladi |
| As a child I would have a cat. | As a child I used to have a cat. | holat uchun used to |
| I’d rather to stay here. | I’d rather stay here. | rather dan keyin to yo‘q |
| Would you like tea? — Yes, I would like. | Yes, please. | tabiiy javob |
Mashq: would ning qaysi vazifasi?
Bo‘sh joyni to‘ldiring va qavsda vazifa raqamini (1–6) yozing.
- 1. ______ you like to see the menu?
- 2. If I lived in Tashkent, I ______ (visit) you every weekend.
- 3. When we were kids, my father ______ (take) us fishing on Sundays.
- 4. She promised she ______ (send) the documents by Friday.
- 5. I’d rather ______ (not / go) out tonight. I’m tired.
- 6. Would you mind ______ (turn) the music down?
- 7. I ______ (like) to speak to the manager, please.
- 8. If she had asked me, I ______ (help) her.
- 9. Tuzating: As a student, I would live in a dormitory.
- 10. A: Would you mind if I sat here? B: ______ (ruxsat bering)
Javoblar
- 1. Would — (1) muloyim taklif.
- 2. would visit — (3) hozirgi xayoliy vaziyat.
- 3. would take — (4) o‘tmishdagi takroriy harakat. Used to take ham to‘g‘ri.
- 4. would send — (5) o‘tmishdagi va’da, will → would.
- 5. not go — (6) I’d rather not go: inkor not bilan, to siz.
- 6. turning — (1) mind + -ing.
- 7. would like — (2) I want ning muloyim shakli.
- 8. would have helped — (3) o‘tmishdagi amalga oshmagan shart.
- 9. As a student, I used to live in a dormitory. — live holat, would bilan kelmaydi.
- 10. No, not at all. yoki Of course not, go ahead. — mind ga inkor bilan rozilik.
8 tadan ko‘p to‘g‘ri bo‘lsa, would ning asosiy yo‘llarini bilasiz. Barcha modallarning qisqa xaritasi uchun modal fe’llar jadvaliga qayting.
BandMate bilan mashq
Would ning ko‘p vazifasi jonli suhbatda uchraydi: kafeda buyurtma, bolalikni eslash, “agar… bo‘lganda” degan savollar. IELTS Speaking’da ham What would you do if…? tipidagi savollar keng tarqalgan. BandMate ilovasida Bandi sizga shunday savollar beradi, siz ovoz chiqarib javob berasiz, darslarda qoidalar o‘zbekcha izohlanadi. Bugungi mashq: bolaligingizdagi ikki odatni We would… bilan va bitta orzuingizni If I had…, I would… bilan ayting.
BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling
