To‘rt so‘z, to‘rt ma’no. Just — hozirgina: I’ve just woken up. Already — allaqachon, kutilganidan tezroq: She’s already left. Yet — inkorda “hali”, so‘roqda “…dimi”: I haven’t eaten yet. Has he replied yet? Still — “hali ham”, holat davom etyapti: He still hasn’t replied.
O‘rnini eslab qoling: just va already have va V3 orasida, yet gap oxirida, still esa inkor yordamchi fe’ldan oldin. Britaniya inglizchasida birinchi uchtasi odatda Present Perfect bilan keladi, still esa har qanday zamon bilan ishlaydi.
To‘rt so‘z bitta jadvalda
| So‘z | O‘zbekcha | Qaysi gapda | O‘rni | Misol |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| just | hozirgina, endigina | tasdiq | have + just + V3 | The plane has just landed. |
| already | allaqachon, …ib bo‘ldi | tasdiq, hayratli so‘roq | have + already + V3 | I’ve already sent the form. |
| yet | hali (…madi), …dimi? | inkor, so‘roq | gap oxirida | The results haven’t come out yet. |
| still | hali ham | tasdiq, inkor, so‘roq | fe’ldan oldin / be dan keyin / haven’t dan oldin | I still haven’t found my passport. |
Rus tilida o‘qiganlar uchun: just ≈ только что, already ≈ уже, yet ≈ ещё (inkorda) yoki уже (so‘roqda), still ≈ всё ещё. Ruscha уже so‘roqda yet ga aylanishi ko‘pchilikni chalg‘itadi: Ты уже поел? — Have you eaten yet?
“Hali” ikki xil: yet yoki still
O‘zbekcha “hali” ikkala so‘zga ham to‘g‘ri keladi, lekin ohang boshqa.
| Vaziyat | Inglizcha | Ohang |
|---|---|---|
| Posilka hali kelmadi (normal holat, kutyapmiz). | The parcel hasn’t arrived yet. | betaraf |
| Posilka hali ham kelmadi! (bir hafta bo‘ldi). | The parcel still hasn’t arrived. | sabrsizlik, kutilganidan uzoq |
| U hali ham bankda ishlaydi. | She still works at the bank. | holat o‘zgarmagan |
| Hali ham yomg‘ir yog‘yapti. | It’s still raining. | davom etyapti |
Qoida: “hali ham” tasdiq gapda bo‘lsa — faqat still. Yet tasdiq gapda “hali ham” ma’nosida ishlatilmaydi.
Still Present Perfect’ga bog‘liq emas, u istalgan zamon bilan keladi:
- My grandparents still live in the same house in Kokand. — present simple
- Are you still waiting for the bus? — present continuous
- I can still remember my first teacher’s name. — modal fe’l
- The shop was still open at midnight. — o‘tgan zamon
Gapdagi o‘rni: to‘rt qolip
1. have + just / already + V3
- Sardor has just called. He’s outside. — Sardor hozirgina qo‘ng‘iroq qildi.
- We’ve already booked the hall for the wedding. — To‘yxonani allaqachon band qildik.
2. … yet — gapning eng oxirida:
- Have you packed your bag yet? — Sumkangni yig‘dingmi?
- The new metro station hasn’t opened yet. — Yangi metro bekati hali ochilmadi.
3. still + oddiy fe’l, lekin be + still
- He still plays football on Sundays. — Hali ham yakshanbalari futbol o‘ynaydi.
- She is still asleep. — U hali ham uxlayapti.
4. still + haven’t / hasn’t / don’t / can’t — inkor yordamchi fe’ldan oldin:
- I still haven’t decided which university to apply to. — Qaysi universitetga hujjat topshirishni hali ham hal qilmadim.
- My little brother still can’t tie his shoes. — Ukam hali ham bog‘ichini bog‘lay olmaydi.
Already gap oxirida. So‘roqda yoki hayratda already gap oxiriga ham chiqadi: Are you leaving already? It’s only nine! So‘roqdagi already hayratni bildiradi: Have you already finished? — “Nahotki tugatding?” Betaraf so‘roq esa yet bilan: Have you finished yet?
Amerika inglizchasida: Past Simple bilan
Amerikaliklar kundalik nutqda bu so‘zlarni Past Simple bilan ham ishlatadi. Ikkala variant to‘g‘ri, faqat bitta matnda aralashtirmaslik yaxshi.
| Britaniyacha (odatiy) | Amerikacha (og‘zaki) |
|---|---|
| I’ve just got home. | I just got home. |
| Have you had dinner yet? | Did you have dinner yet? |
| She’s already left. | She already left. |
Gapirishda amerikacha variant tabiiy eshitiladi. Lekin darsliklardagi “bo‘sh joyni to‘ldiring” testlari ko‘pincha britaniyacha qolipga tuzilgan, shuning uchun test variantlari orasida Present Perfect bo‘lsa, odatda shu javob kutiladi.
Just now. Just dan farqli o‘laroq, just now (“hozirgina, bir daqiqa oldin”) Britaniyada ham Past Simple bilan keladi: I saw her just now. I’ve seen her just now — xato.
“Hali ham” va “allaqachon”ni tarjima qilishdagi xatolar
| Noto‘g‘ri | To‘g‘ri | Nega |
|---|---|---|
| I’ve finished my essay yet. | I’ve already finished my essay. | tasdiqda yet emas |
| He hasn’t come still. | He still hasn’t come. / He hasn’t come yet. | still inkordan oldin |
| Is she yet at work? | Is she still at work? | “hali ham” — still |
| Already I have booked a taxi. | I’ve already booked a taxi. | have va V3 orasida |
| She works still at the hospital. | She still works at the hospital. | still oddiy fe’ldan oldin |
| I have just now arrived. | I’ve just arrived. / I arrived just now. | just now — Past Simple |
| Have you yet seen the new episode? | Have you seen the new episode yet? | yet oxirida |
Samarqandga safar oldidan: yozishma
Ikki dugona ertalabki Afrosiyob poyezdi bilan Samarqandga bormoqchi. Kechqurun ular shunday yozishdi:
Kamola: Have you bought the tickets yet?
Shahnoza: Yes, I’ve already bought them. I’ve just sent you the screenshot.
Kamola: Thanks! Has Laylo packed yet?
Shahnoza: No, she still hasn’t started. She’s still at work.
Kamola: Typical! I’ve just finished packing, so I can help her.
Shahnoza: Great. The taxi app still isn’t working on my phone, by the way. Can you order one for 6:30?
Kamola: Done. I’ve already ordered it.
Mashq: to‘rt so‘z, 14 ta gap
A. just, already, yet yoki still qo‘ying.
- 1. I can’t come now. I’ve ______ started cooking. (5 daqiqa oldin)
- 2. Have you replied to the teacher ______?
- 3. We don’t need milk. I’ve ______ bought some.
- 4. It’s midnight and my neighbours are ______ making noise.
- 5. The documents haven’t been signed ______.
- 6. Two years later, he ______ remembers my phone number.
- 7. Wow, have you ______ read the whole book? You got it yesterday!
- 8. I ______ haven’t got my exam results. It’s been a month!
B. So‘zni to‘g‘ri joyga qo‘yib, gapni qayta yozing.
- 9. The concert has started. (just)
- 10. She hasn’t called me. (still)
- 11. Has the bus left? (yet)
C. Xatoni toping va tuzating.
- 12. I have seen yet that film.
- 13. He is working still in Tashkent.
- 14. I have met him just now.
Javoblar
1 — just; 2 — yet; 3 — already; 4 — still; 5 — yet; 6 — still; 7 — already; 8 — still.
9 — The concert has just started. 10 — She still hasn’t called me. 11 — Has the bus left yet?
12 — I have already seen that film. (yoki inkorda: I haven’t seen that film yet.) 13 — He is still working in Tashkent. 14 — I met him just now. / I have just met him.
Izohlar:
- 4-gap: are making — Present Continuous, still esa be dan keyin turadi.
- 5-gap: majhul nisbat ham xuddi shunday: yet oxirida.
- 7-gap: hayrat bildirgan so‘roq, shuning uchun already. Yet ham xato emas, lekin “nahotki tez” ma’nosi yo‘qoladi.
- 8-gap: “bir oy bo‘ldi” degan sabrsizlik — still va u haven’t dan oldin.
Present Perfect bilan boshqa signal so‘zlar (ever, never, since, for) uchun navbatdagi sahifa — ever va never qoidasi. Zamonni aralash mashq qilish uchun esa Present Perfect mashqlari sahifasini oching. Zamonning o‘zi haqida Present Perfect qoidasida, already va yet gaplarning qachon Past Simple’ga o‘tishi haqida esa Present Perfect va Past Simple farqi sahifasida o‘qing.
Bandi bilan kundalik rejani gapirib chiqish
BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan kuningiz haqida gaplashasiz: nimani allaqachon qildingiz, nima hali qolgan. Ovoz chiqarib javob berasiz, yet/still o‘rni va boshqa xatolaringiz ko‘rsatiladi. Bugungi vazifa: bugungi ishlaringizdan oltitasini tanlang va ular haqida just, already, yet, still bilan bittadan gap ayting.
BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling
