Ago vaqtni hozirdan orqaga sanaydi va davrdan keyin keladi: three days ago — bugundan uch kun oldin. Before esa boshqa nuqtadan oldin degani: before the exam — imtihondan oldin, three days before the wedding — to‘ydan uch kun oldin. Yolg‘iz kelganda before “ilgari, avval” ma’nosini beradi: I’ve seen this film before.
Shuning uchun “ikki kun oldin” — two days ago, hech qachon before two days emas. Bu xato o‘zbek va rus tilida so‘zlashuvchilarda eng ko‘p uchraydigan vaqt xatolaridan biri.
“Oldin” so‘zining besh xil tarjimasi
| O‘zbekcha | Hisob nuqtasi | Inglizcha |
|---|---|---|
| bir hafta oldin qaytdim | hozir | I came back a week ago. |
| darsdan oldin qo‘ng‘iroq qil | dars | Call me before the lesson. |
| ketishdan oldin eshikni yop | harakat | Lock the door before leaving. |
| bu yerda oldin bo‘lganman | noaniq, “ilgari” | I’ve been here before. |
| to‘ydan ikki kun oldin kasal bo‘ldi | o‘tmishdagi voqea | He got ill two days before the wedding. |
Birinchi va oxirgi qatorni solishtiring. Ikkalasida ham “… kun oldin”, lekin birinchisida hisob bugundan, oxirgisida to‘ydan. Hisob nuqtasi hozir bo‘lsa — ago, boshqa narsa bo‘lsa — before.
Ago: faqat hozirdan orqaga
Uchta qoida:
- O‘rni: davrdan keyin. ten minutes ago, a month ago, a long time ago. Ago ten minutes — xato.
- Zamoni: faqat Past Simple (yoki Past Continuous). Aniq o‘tgan vaqt bo‘lgani uchun Present Perfect bilan kelmaydi: I got my certificate two weeks ago, I’ve got it two weeks ago emas.
- Savol: How long ago…? — “Qancha vaqt oldin?”: How long ago did you finish school? — About five years ago.
Qo‘shimcha iboralar:
- a long time ago / long ago — ancha oldin, qadim zamonda: Long ago, caravans stopped here on the Silk Road.
- not long ago — yaqinda: We met not long ago, at a friend’s birthday.
- a moment ago / a minute ago — hozirgina: Your mum called a minute ago.
Ago nima uchun for va since bilan almashtirilmasligi since va for farqi sahifasidagi jadvalda ko‘rsatilgan. Past Simple’ning o‘zi va boshqa vaqt so‘zlari (yesterday, last) Past Simple qoidasida.
Before: uch xil vazifa
1. Predlog: before + ot yoki -ing.
- Wash your hands before dinner. — Ovqatdan oldin qo‘lingni yuv.
- I always check the weather before going out. — Tashqariga chiqishdan oldin doim ob-havoni tekshiraman.
Before dan keyin fe’l kelsa, u -ing shaklda: before going, before to go emas.
2. Bog‘lovchi: before + gap. Kelajak haqida bo‘lsa ham, before dan keyingi gap hozirgi zamonda:
- Finish your tea before the guests arrive. — Mehmonlar kelmasdan oldin choyingni ichib ol.
- We need to book tickets before the prices go up. — Narxlar oshmasdan oldin chipta olishimiz kerak.
Before the guests will arrive — xato. O‘zbekcha “kelmasdan oldin” dagi inkor ham inglizchaga o‘tmaydi: before they don’t arrive emas.
3. Ravish: yolg‘iz before. “Ilgari, bundan oldin” ma’nosida, ko‘pincha Present Perfect bilan:
- Have you ever been to this restaurant before? — Bu restoranga ilgari kelganmisiz?
- I’ve never driven a car with automatic gears before. — Ilgari hech qachon avtomat uzatmali mashina haydamaganman.
Hikoyada: two days before, the day before
O‘tmishdagi voqeani hikoya qilayotganda hisob nuqtasi “hozir” emas, hikoyadagi payt. Shunda ago o‘rniga before yoki earlier keladi, ko‘pincha Past Perfect bilan:
- When I arrived in Istanbul, my brother had flown home two days before. — Istanbulga yetib borganimda, akam ikki kun oldin uyga uchib ketgan edi.
- We got to the station at 8:05. The train had left five minutes earlier. — Bekatga 8:05 da yetdik. Poyezd besh daqiqa oldin ketib bo‘lgan edi.
Ko‘chirma gapda ham xuddi shu almashuv bo‘ladi: “I saw him a week ago,” she said. → She said she had seen him a week before. Past Perfect haqida Past Perfect qoidasi sahifasida o‘qing.
The day before yesterday — “o‘tgan kuni”, ya’ni bugundan ikki kun oldin: I bought this jacket the day before yesterday. Hikoyada esa the day before — “bir kun oldin”: We left on Friday. We had packed the day before.
Earlier va previously
| So‘z | Ma’no va uslub | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| earlier | biroz oldinroq; bugungi kun ichida ham | I called you earlier. Did you get my message? |
| earlier today / this week | bugun ertaroq / shu hafta boshida | The manager mentioned it earlier this week. |
| previously | ilgari, avval; rasmiy, rezyume va xatlarda | She previously worked at the Ministry of Health. |
| before | ilgari; og‘zaki, betaraf | I’ve met him before. |
Rezyumeda Previously, I worked as… yaxshi eshitiladi, do‘stingizga yozganda esa I worked there before yetarli. Earlier ning qiyosiy ma’nosi ham bor: Can we meet earlier, at five? — Ertaroq, beshda uchrashsak bo‘ladimi?
“Before two days” va yana olti xato
| Noto‘g‘ri | To‘g‘ri | Nega |
|---|---|---|
| I saw her before two days. | I saw her two days ago. | hisob hozirdan — ago |
| He called ago ten minutes. | He called ten minutes ago. | ago davrdan keyin |
| I have bought this laptop a year ago. | I bought this laptop a year ago. | ago — Past Simple |
| Before to leave, turn off the lights. | Before leaving, turn off the lights. | predlogdan keyin -ing |
| Call me before you will leave. | Call me before you leave. | kelajak ma’nosida ham present |
| Two years ago I have lived in Kokand. | Two years ago I lived in Kokand. | Past Simple |
| I didn’t see this film ago. | I haven’t seen this film before. | “ilgari” — before |
Buvijon bilan albom ko‘rib: qisqa suhbat
Grandson: Grandma, when was this photo taken?
Grandma: Oh, a long time ago. About fifty years ago, before I married your grandfather.
Grandson: Is that our street? There are hardly any cars!
Grandma: Yes. Before the new road was built, it was very quiet. We played outside until dark.
Grandson: And this one?
Grandma: That’s my graduation. I had moved to Tashkent two years before, so everything was still new to me.
Mashq: “oldin”ni tarjima qiling (14 ta gap)
A. ago yoki before?
- 1. I finished university three years ______.
- 2. Brush your teeth ______ going to bed.
- 3. Have you tried Georgian food ______?
- 4. She left the office five minutes ______.
- 5. When we arrived, the concert had started half an hour ______.
- 6. I always feel nervous ______ an exam.
- 7. How long ______ did you move here?
B. earlier yoki previously?
- 8. Sorry I missed your call ______. I was in a meeting.
- 9. Mr Karimov ______ worked as a school director. (rezyume uslubida)
C. Xatoni toping va tuzating.
- 10. We have visited Nukus a year ago.
- 11. My sister got married before one month.
- 12. Please text me before you will come.
- 13. I met him ago two weeks.
- 14. Before to eat, we said a short prayer.
Javoblar
1 — ago; 2 — before; 3 — before; 4 — ago; 5 — before (yoki earlier); 6 — before; 7 — ago.
8 — earlier; 9 — previously.
10 — We visited Nukus a year ago. 11 — My sister got married a month ago. 12 — Please text me before you come. 13 — I met him two weeks ago. 14 — Before eating, we said a short prayer.
Izohlar:
- 3-gap: gap oxiridagi yolg‘iz before — “ilgari”, Present Perfect bilan.
- 5-gap: hisob nuqtasi — biz kelgan payt, hozir emas. Shuning uchun ago emas.
- 7-gap: How long ago — tayyor savol qolipi, fe’l Past Simple’da.
- 10-gap: a year ago aniq o‘tgan vaqt — Present Perfect bilan kelmaydi.
Past Simple’ni ago, yesterday, last bilan ko‘proq mashq qilish uchun Past Simple mashqlari sahifasiga o‘ting.
Bandi bilan o‘tmish haqida gapirish
BandMate ilovasida Bandi hayotingizdagi voqealar haqida so‘raydi: When did you start learning English? What did you do before that? Siz ovoz chiqarib javob berasiz, ago/before va zamon xatolari ko‘rsatiladi. Bugungi vazifa: hayotingizdagi beshta voqeani ago bilan ayting, keyin ulardan ikkitasiga two years before that… bilan davom qo‘shing.
BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling
