Since holat qachon boshlanganini aytadi: since 2019, since Monday, since I was ten. For esa u qancha davom etganini aytadi: for seven years, for three days, for a long time. Ikkalasi ham ko‘pincha Present Perfect bilan keladi: I’ve known Aziz since 2019. I’ve known him for seven years.
O‘zbekcha ikkalasi ham “-dan beri”: “2019-yildan beri” va “yetti yildan beri”. Shuning uchun tarjimada “-dan beri” oldidagi so‘zga qarang: sana, kun, voqea bo‘lsa — since; son va vaqt birligi bo‘lsa — for.
“-dan beri”ni to‘g‘ri tarjima qilish
| O‘zbekcha | Oldidagi so‘z | Inglizcha |
|---|---|---|
| dushanbadan beri | kun nomi | since Monday |
| ikki kundan beri | son + birlik | for two days |
| ertalabdan beri | kun qismi | since this morning |
| uch soatdan beri | son + birlik | for three hours |
| to‘ydan beri | voqea | since the wedding |
| ko‘pdan beri, anchadan beri | davr | for a long time, for ages |
| bolaligimdan beri | hayot bosqichi | since I was a child, since childhood |
| o‘tgan yildan beri | nuqta | since last year |
| bir yarim yildan beri | son + birlik | for a year and a half |
Tez tekshirish: “qachondan beri?” savoliga javob bo‘lsa — since; “qancha vaqtdan beri?” savoliga javob bo‘lsa — for.
Since va for bilan keladigan so‘zlar
| since + … | for + … |
|---|---|
| 2015, March, 5 o’clock | ten years, a month, twenty minutes |
| Monday, my birthday, Navruz | a week, a few days, two weekends |
| yesterday, last summer | a while, a long time, ages |
| the pandemic, the last exam | the whole year, the last three months |
| I moved, she was born, we met | an hour and a half, half a day |
For the last three months ga e’tibor bering: last bo‘lsa ham, bu davr uzunligi, shuning uchun for. Since last month esa boshlanish nuqtasi.
Qaysi zamon bilan
Since deyarli doim Present Perfect (yoki Present Perfect Continuous) bilan keladi, chunki u o‘tmishdagi nuqtadan hozirgacha bo‘lgan davrni oladi:
- My uncle has worked as a taxi driver since 2018. — Tog‘am 2018-yildan beri taksichi bo‘lib ishlaydi.
- It has been raining since lunchtime. — Tushlikdan beri yomg‘ir yog‘yapti.
For esa har qanday zamon bilan kela oladi, chunki u shunchaki uzunlikni o‘lchaydi:
| Zamon | Misol | O‘zbekcha |
|---|---|---|
| Present Perfect | We’ve been neighbours for twelve years. | O‘n ikki yildan beri qo‘shnimiz. |
| Past Simple | I lived in Kazan for two years. | Qozonda ikki yil yashadim (endi yashamayman). |
| Future | We’ll stay in Bukhara for three nights. | Buxoroda uch kecha qolamiz. |
| Present Simple | The course lasts for six weeks. | Kurs olti hafta davom etadi. |
Ikkinchi qatorga qarang: for + Past Simple — holat tugagan. I’ve lived in Kazan for two years esa “hali ham Qozonda yashayman” degani. Bitta so‘z, ikki xil hayot.
Holat davomida harakat ham davom etayotgan bo‘lsa, Present Perfect Continuous tabiiyroq: She’s been studying for the exam since August. Bu zamon Present Perfect Continuous qoidasi sahifasida.
Since + gap va “It’s been … since”
Since dan keyin to‘liq gap ham kela oladi. Bu gap odatda Past Simple’da, chunki u boshlanish nuqtasini ko‘rsatadi:
- I’ve felt much better since I started running. — Yugurishni boshlaganimdan beri o‘zimni ancha yaxshi his qilyapman.
- They haven’t spoken since they argued at the wedding. — To‘yda urishib qolganlaridan beri gaplashishmaydi.
Suhbatda juda ko‘p ishlatiladigan qolip: It’s been + davr + since + Past Simple. O‘zbekcha “…ganiga … bo‘ldi”:
- It’s been three years since we graduated. — Bitirganimizga uch yil bo‘ldi.
- It’s been ages since I last saw you! — Seni oxirgi marta ko‘rganimga ancha bo‘ldi!
How long…? savoli
Davomiylik haqida so‘rash uchun: How long + have/has + ega + V3?
- How long have you had this car? — Since 2021. / For about five years.
- How long has she been a doctor? — For ten years.
Since when…? ham mavjud, lekin ko‘pincha hayrat yoki norozilik ohangida: Since when do you drink coffee? — “Qachondan beri qahva ichadigan bo‘lding?!” Oddiy savol uchun How long xavfsizroq.
Since, for va ago: bitta voqea, uch xil gap
Tasavvur qiling, bugun 2026-yil oktyabri va siz Toshkentga 2022-yil oktyabrida ko‘chib kelgansiz:
| Gap | So‘z | Nima o‘lchanadi |
|---|---|---|
| I moved to Tashkent four years ago. | ago | hozirdan orqaga sanash, Past Simple |
| I’ve lived in Tashkent for four years. | for | davr uzunligi |
| I’ve lived in Tashkent since 2022. | since | boshlanish nuqtasi |
Ago voqea qachon bo‘lganini aytadi va faqat Past Simple bilan keladi. Ago va before farqi haqida alohida sahifa bor: ago va before farqi.
“I am here since…”: rus va o‘zbek tilidan keladigan xatolar
| Noto‘g‘ri | To‘g‘ri | Nega |
|---|---|---|
| I am here since 2020. | I’ve been here since 2020. | since + hozirgacha → Present Perfect |
| I live in Andijan for five years. | I’ve lived in Andijan for five years. | hali ham yashaysiz → Present Perfect |
| I’ve known her since five years. | I’ve known her for five years. | son + birlik → for |
| We’ve waited for 9 o’clock. | We’ve waited since 9 o’clock. | soat — nuqta → since |
| She has worked here since two years ago. | She has worked here for two years. | tabiiy shakl — for |
| I’m studying English since September. | I’ve been studying English since September. | Continuous emas, Perfect Continuous |
| How long do you know him? | How long have you known him? | how long + Present Perfect |
Birinchi ikki xato rus tilidan keladi: Я живу здесь с 2020 года hozirgi zamonda. O‘zbekcha “yashayman” ham hozirgi zamon. Ingliz tilida esa hozirgacha cho‘zilgan davr — Present Perfect.
Ish suhbatida: “How long have you…?”
Interviewer: How long have you worked in IT?
Nodira: For about six years. I started as a tester in 2020, and I’ve been a developer since 2023.
Interviewer: And how long have you been at your current company?
Nodira: Since March last year. Before that, I worked at a small startup in IT Park for three years.
Interviewer: Have you used Python since then?
Nodira: Yes, every day. It’s been my main language for the last two years.
Mashq: since yoki for, 15 ta gap
A. since yoki for?
- 1. I’ve had this phone ______ two years.
- 2. She has been in the hospital ______ Friday.
- 3. We haven’t eaten ______ breakfast.
- 4. They’ve lived in Jizzakh ______ ages.
- 5. He hasn’t called me ______ my birthday.
- 6. I waited at the bus stop ______ forty minutes.
- 7. My parents have been married ______ 1998.
- 8. It’s been snowing ______ the last three hours.
- 9. I’ve wanted to visit Khorezm ______ I was a child.
B. Qavsdagi fe’lni to‘g‘ri zamonda yozing.
- 10. I ______ (know) Sherzod since school.
- 11. She ______ (work) in Moscow for two years, then she came back home.
- 12. It’s been a month since we ______ (move) here.
C. Xatoni toping va tuzating.
- 13. I am in this group since September.
- 14. She has studied French since three years.
- 15. How long do you have this bag?
Javoblar
1 — for; 2 — since; 3 — since; 4 — for; 5 — since; 6 — for; 7 — since; 8 — for; 9 — since.
10 — have known; 11 — worked; 12 — moved.
13 — I’ve been in this group since September. 14 — She has studied French for three years. 15 — How long have you had this bag?
Izohlar:
- 3-gap: breakfast — voqea, ya’ni nuqta: “nonushtadan beri”.
- 6-gap: waited — Past Simple, kutish tugagan. For har qanday zamon bilan keladi.
- 8-gap: the last three hours — uzunlik, last so‘zi chalg‘itmasin.
- 11-gap: then she came back — holat tugagan, shuning uchun Present Perfect emas.
- 12-gap: since dan keyingi gap boshlanish nuqtasini ko‘rsatadi, Past Simple.
Present Perfect bilan boshqa mashqlar uchun Present Perfect mashqlari, zamonning to‘liq qoidasi uchun Present Perfect qoidasi sahifalarini oching.
Bandi bilan “How long have you…?” savollariga javob berish
BandMate ilovasida Bandi o‘qishingiz, ishingiz va qiziqishlaringiz haqida How long…? savollarini beradi, siz ovoz chiqarib javob berasiz va since/for xatolaringiz ko‘rsatiladi. Bugungi vazifa: hayotingizdagi to‘rtta narsa haqida (uy, do‘st, hobbi, telefon) bittadan since va bittadan for bilan gap ayting.
BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling
