Eslatma: Present Perfect have/has + V3 shaklida yasaladi va o‘tmishdagi ishni hozirga bog‘laydi: natija, hayotiy tajriba yoki hali davom etayotgan holat (I have lost my keys. She has lived here since 2015). Gapda aniq tugagan vaqt bo‘lsa (yesterday, in 2020, two days ago), Present Perfect emas, Past Simple kerak. Qoidaning o‘zi va 25 ta misol Present Perfect qoidasi sahifasida.
Pastda 35 ta topshiriq to‘rt bosqichda. Birinchisi faqat shakl, oxirgisi eng qiyin: ikki zamon orasida tanlash. O‘zbek tilida bu zamonning aniq o‘xshashi yo‘q, “-gan” va “-di” qo‘shimchalari har doim ham yordam bermaydi, shuning uchun izohlarni diqqat bilan o‘qing.
1-bosqich: have/has + V3 (1–9)
Qavsdagi fe’lni Present Perfect shaklida yozing.
- 1. Aziza ______ (pass) her driving test!
- 2. We ______ (choose) a restaurant for my brother’s wedding.
- 3. Someone ______ (take) my umbrella.
- 4. I ______ (write) three essays for my IELTS teacher this week.
- 5. The price of meat ______ (go) up again.
- 6. They ______ (not / pay) for the internet this month.
- 7. ______ Jasur ______ (finish) his project for the hackathon?
- 8. My little brother ______ (meet) a famous footballer! Look at this photo.
- 9. I ______ (not / see) this film. Don’t tell me the ending!
2-bosqich: just, already, yet, ever, never (10–18)
Qavsdagi so‘zni gapning to‘g‘ri joyiga qo‘ying. 16-bandda been yoki gone ni tanlang.
- 10. Have you tried kimchi? (ever)
- 11. She has been late for work. (never)
- 12. The film has started. (just)
- 13. I’ve paid for the gas. (already)
- 14. Has the courier arrived? (yet)
- 15. They haven’t replied to my message. (yet)
- 16. “Where’s Aziz?” — “He has ______ to the bank. He’ll be back in ten minutes.”
- 17. My grandmother has used a smartphone. (never)
- 18. Have you been on the Afrosiyob train? (ever)
3-bosqich: since yoki for (19–26)
19–24 da since yoki for ni qo‘ying. 25–26 da fe’lni to‘g‘ri shaklda yozing.
- 19. We have known each other ______ 2019.
- 20. I’ve worked at this bank ______ six years.
- 21. My uncle has lived in Moscow ______ he was twenty.
- 22. She hasn’t called me ______ a month.
- 23. They’ve had this old Nexia ______ ages.
- 24. It hasn’t rained ______ last Tuesday.
- 25. How long ______ you ______ (be) married? — For ten years.
- 26. I ______ (know) Dilshod since we were in first grade.
4-bosqich: Present Perfect yoki Past Simple (27–35)
- 27. I ______ (lose) my keys last night, but I ______ (find) them this morning.
- 28. Look, I ______ (cut) my hair! Do you like it?
- 29. Alisher ______ (graduate) from Westminster University in Tashkent in 2023.
- 30. “______ you ever ______ (be) to Khiva?” — “Yes, I ______ (go) there two years ago.”
- 31. Mum ______ (make) manti. Come to the table!
- 32. When ______ you ______ (start) learning English?
- 33. This is the best plov I ______ ever ______ (eat).
- 34. Alisher Navoi ______ (write) many poems and five long epics.
- 35. We ______ (not / have) any rain this month, and it’s already the 25th.
Javoblar
1-bosqich
1 — has passed; 2 — have chosen; 3 — has taken; 4 — have written; 5 — has gone; 6 — haven’t paid; 7 — Has … finished; 8 — has met; 9 — haven’t seen.
- 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9. Hammasi noto‘g‘ri fe’llar: choose – chose – chosen, take – took – taken, write – wrote – written, go – went – gone, meet – met – met, see – saw – seen. Eng ko‘p xato V2 ni V3 o‘rniga qo‘yish: has went, have wrote.
- 4. This week hali tugamagan, shuning uchun Present Perfect.
- 5. Narx ko‘tarilgan va hozir ham baland: natija hozir ko‘rinadi.
2-bosqich
- 10. Have you ever tried kimchi?
- 11. She has never been late for work.
- 12. The film has just started.
- 13. I’ve already paid for the gas.
- 14. Has the courier arrived yet?
- 15. They haven’t replied to my message yet.
- 16. gone. Aziz hali bankda, qaytmagan. He has been to the bank esa “borib keldi, hozir shu yerda” degani.
- 17. My grandmother has never used a smartphone.
- 18. Have you ever been on the Afrosiyob train?
Joylashuv qoidasi oddiy: ever, never, just, already — have/has bilan V3 orasida, yet — gap oxirida. Farqlarning to‘liq izohi yet, already, just, still sahifasida.
3-bosqich
19 — since; 20 — for; 21 — since; 22 — for; 23 — for; 24 — since; 25 — have … been; 26 — have known.
- Since boshlanish nuqtasi bilan keladi: yil, kun, voqea (since 2019, since last Tuesday, since he was twenty).
- For vaqt uzunligi bilan: for six years, for a month, for ages.
- 21. Since dan keyin to‘liq gap ham kelishi mumkin, u Past Simple’da bo‘ladi: since he was twenty.
- 26. O‘zbekchada “birinchi sinfdan beri taniyman” hozirgi zamonda aytiladi, shuning uchun ko‘pchilik I know him since… deydi. Inglizchada “…dan beri” ma’nosi Present Perfect talab qiladi. Ikki so‘zning farqi alohida: since va for.
4-bosqich
- 27. lost / found. Last night va this morning (tugagan ertalab) — aniq vaqt.
- 28. have cut. Natija hozir ko‘rinib turibdi, qachonligi muhim emas.
- 29. graduated. In 2023 — aniq yil.
- 30. Have … been / went. Savol tajriba haqida, javobda esa aniq vaqt paydo bo‘ldi (two years ago), shuning uchun zamon almashadi. Suhbatda bu juda tabiiy o‘tish.
- 31. has made. Manti tayyor va stolda — natija hozir.
- 32. did … start. When bilan savol aniq vaqtni so‘raydi, shuning uchun Past Simple. When have you started — xato.
- 33. have … eaten. The best … I have ever… qolipi doim Present Perfect bilan.
- 34. wrote. Navoiy XV asrda yashagan, uning hayoti tugagan. Tirik muallif haqida esa She has written three novels deyish mumkin.
- 35. haven’t had. This month hali tugamagan.
Ballingiz va qaysi qoidaga qaytish kerak
27, 30 va 32-bandlarda barcha bo‘sh joy to‘g‘ri bo‘lsagina ball bering.
| Ball | Holat | Keyingi qadam |
|---|---|---|
| 31–35 | Zamonni ongli tanlaysiz | Ikki o‘tgan zamonni hikoyada ishlating: Past Simple mashqlari |
| 23–30 | Shakl tayyor, 4-bosqichda adashasiz | Present Perfect va Past Simple farqi sahifasini o‘qing, 27–35 ni qayta ishlang |
| 14–22 | V3 shakllari yoki since/for chalkash | 1-bosqichdagi fe’llarning uch shaklini yozib chiqing va 3-bosqichni qaytaring |
| 0–13 | Zamon hali yangi | Qoida sahifasidan boshlang, keyin faqat 1–2-bosqichni ishlang |
“-gan” qo‘shimchasi qayerda yordam beradi, qayerda aldaydi
Hayotiy tajriba haqida o‘zbekcha “-gan” shakli yaxshi ishlaydi: “Xivada bo‘lganman” — I have been to Khiva. Lekin ikki joyda u chalg‘itadi. Birinchisi — aniq vaqt: “2023-yilda bitirganman” desangiz ham, inglizchada I graduated in 2023, chunki yil aytildi. Ikkinchisi — “…dan beri”: o‘zbekcha “yashayman”, inglizcha have lived. Shu ikki tuzoqni eslab qolsangiz, 4-bosqichdagi xatolarning ko‘pi yo‘qoladi.
Bandi bilan tajribalaringiz haqida gaplashing
IELTS va multilevel speaking bo‘limlarida Have you ever…? savoli tez-tez chiqadi, va javobda Present Perfect’dan Past Simple’ga o‘tish kerak bo‘ladi: Yes, I have. I went there last summer. BandMate ilovasida Bandi sizga shunday savollar beradi, siz ovoz chiqarib javob berasiz, keyin zamon qayerda adashganini ko‘rasiz. Bu sun’iy intellekt izohi, imtihon bahosi emas. Bugun o‘zingiz uchun uchta Have you ever…? savoliga javob yozing va har biriga aniq vaqtli ikkinchi gap qo‘shing.
BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling
