Present Perfect Continuous o‘tmishda boshlanib, hozirgacha davom etayotgan (yoki hozirgina tugab, izi qolgan) jarayonni bildiradi. Formula: have/has been + fe’l + -ing: I’ve been learning English for two years. She’s been waiting since nine. O‘zbekchada bu ko‘pincha “…dan beri …yapman” yoki “…yapman, … bo‘ldi” deb aytiladi.
Bu zamonda diqqat natijada emas, jarayonning o‘zida va uning davomiyligida. Shuning uchun u how long, for, since bilan juda tez-tez keladi.
Qizil ko‘zlar: nima bo‘ldi?
Nigora kechqurun xonasidan chiqdi. Ko‘zlari qizargan, sochi to‘zg‘igan. Onasi so‘radi:
Mum: Nigora, your eyes are red. Have you been crying?
Nigora: No, Mum. I’ve been studying for my IELTS exam since lunch. I’ve been reading the same text for an hour.
Mum: You’ve been sitting at that desk all day. Go and have some tea.
Onaning birinchi savoli ko‘rinib turgan izdan kelib chiqyapti: ko‘zlar qizil — demak, nimadir davom etgan. Nigoraning javobi esa jarayonning qachondan beri va qancha davom etganini aytadi. Present Perfect Continuous’ning ikki asosiy vazifasi shu.
Yasalishi
| Gap turi | Formula | Misol | Tarjima |
|---|---|---|---|
| Darak | I/you/we/they have (’ve) been + V-ing | We’ve been living here since 2018. | 2018-yildan beri shu yerda yashayapmiz. |
| Darak | he/she/it has (’s) been + V-ing | He’s been working all day. | U kun bo‘yi ishlayapti. |
| Inkor | haven’t / hasn’t been + V-ing | I haven’t been sleeping well. | Keyingi paytda yaxshi uxlamayapman. |
| So‘roq | Have/Has + ega + been + V-ing? | Have you been waiting long? | Ko‘p kutib qoldingizmi? |
| Maxsus savol | How long + have/has + ega + been + V-ing? | How long has she been teaching? | U qachondan beri dars beradi? |
| Javob | Yes, I have. / No, he hasn’t. | — | Ha. / Yo‘q. |
Been har doim o‘zgarmaydi: has been, have been. -ing qo‘shishning imlo qoidalari (make → making, sit → sitting) Present Continuous qoidasi sahifasida jadval bilan berilgan.
Uch vazifa va misollar
1. Hozirgacha davom etayotgan jarayon (for, since, how long)
- I’ve been learning English for three years. — Uch yildan beri ingliz tilini o‘rganyapman.
- My father has been driving a taxi since 2015. — Dadam 2015-yildan beri taksi haydaydi.
- How long have you been living in Chilonzor? — Chilonzorda qachondan beri yashayapsiz?
- We’ve been waiting for the bus for twenty minutes. — Yigirma daqiqadan beri avtobus kutyapmiz.
O‘zbekcha bu gaplarda hozirgi zamon ishlatadi (o‘rganyapman, yashayapsiz). Shu sabab o‘rganuvchilar I am learning English for three years deydi. “-dan beri” yoki “… bo‘ldi” eshitilsa, inglizchada have been + -ing kerak.
2. Hozirgina tugagan, izi ko‘rinib turgan jarayon
- I’m tired because I’ve been cleaning the flat all morning. — Ertalabdan beri uy tozalab charchadim.
- Why are your hands dirty? — I’ve been fixing the bike. — Qo‘ling nega kir? — Velosiped tuzatayotgan edim.
- The ground is wet. It’s been raining. — Yer ho‘l. Yomg‘ir yog‘ibdi.
- She’s out of breath because she’s been running. — U hansirab qolgan, chunki yugurib kelgan.
Bu yerda jarayon tugagan bo‘lishi mumkin, lekin natijasi hozir ko‘rinib turibdi: charchoq, kir qo‘l, ho‘l yer. Vaqt aytilmasa ham bo‘ladi.
3. Keyingi paytlarda takrorlanayotgan ish
- I’ve been going to the gym a lot lately. — Keyingi paytda sport zaliga ko‘p qatnayapman.
- Aziz has been coming home late recently. — Aziz so‘nggi paytda uyga kech kelyapti.
- We’ve been eating out too much this month. — Bu oy tashqarida ko‘p ovqatlanib yuboryapmiz.
Signal so‘zlar
- Davomiylik: for two hours, for ages, since morning, since 2020, how long
- Butun davr: all day, all morning, all week
- Yaqin o‘tmish: lately, recently, these past few weeks
Qaysi birini tanlash — for yoki since — bo‘yicha alohida qo‘llanma: since va for farqi.
Present Perfect bilan farqi: jarayon yoki natija
Ikki zamon yonma-yon qo‘yilganda farq yaxshi ko‘rinadi:
| Present Perfect Continuous (jarayon) | Present Perfect (natija) |
|---|---|
| I’ve been writing my essay all evening. — Kechqurun bo‘yi insho yozyapman (hali tugamagan bo‘lishi mumkin). | I’ve written my essay. — Inshoni yozib bo‘ldim (tayyor). |
| She’s been reading that book for a week. — Bir haftadan beri o‘qiyapti. | She’s read three books this month. — Bu oy uchta kitob o‘qib chiqdi. |
| How long have you been painting the room? | How many rooms have you painted? |
| He’s been drinking coffee all day. (jarayon, holati) | He’s drunk five cups of coffee. (aniq miqdor) |
Oddiy qoida: qancha vaqt — Continuous, qancha miqdor yoki necha marta — oddiy Present Perfect. I’ve been reading five books bo‘lmaydi, chunki sanalgan natija bor.
Yana bir nozik farq: I’ve lived here for ten years va I’ve been living here for ten years deyarli bir xil ma’no beradi. Live, work, study, teach kabi fe’llarda ikkala shakl ham ishlatiladi; Continuous biroz vaqtinchalik yoki jonli ohang beradi. To‘liq taqqoslash Present Perfect va Present Perfect Continuous farqi sahifasida.
Holat fe’llari bu zamonga kirmaydi
Know, like, love, want, believe, own va egalik ma’nosidagi have -ing olmaydi. Ular uchun oddiy Present Perfect:
- I’ve known Jasur since school. (not I’ve been knowing) — Jasurni maktabdan beri taniyman.
- She’s had this car for six years. (not has been having) — Bu mashina unda olti yildan beri bor.
- We’ve always liked this café. — Bu kafeni doim yoqtirganmiz.
Tipik xatolar
| Noto‘g‘ri | To‘g‘ri | Sabab |
|---|---|---|
| I am waiting for you for an hour. | I’ve been waiting for you for an hour. | “-dan beri” = have been + -ing |
| She is working here since 2021. | She’s been working here since 2021. | since hozirgi zamon bilan kelmaydi |
| I have been work all day. | I have been working all day. | -ing tushib qolgan |
| He has being studying. | He has been studying. | being emas, been |
| How long you are learning English? | How long have you been learning English? | Savol tartibi va zamon |
| I’ve been knowing her for years. | I’ve known her for years. | Holat fe’li |
| I’ve been writing three emails. | I’ve written three emails. | Miqdor bor → natija |
Rus tilidan ham xuddi shu xato keladi: Я жду тебя час hozirgi zamonda. Inglizcha tarjimada hozirgi zamon qoldirilsa, I wait you one hour kabi ikki xatoli gap chiqadi. To‘g‘risi: I’ve been waiting for you for an hour.
Mashq: 12 ta gap
A. Qavsdagi fe’lni Present Perfect Continuous shaklida yozing.
- 1. I ______ (learn) Korean for six months.
- 2. It ______ (snow) since last night.
- 3. How long ______ you ______ (wait)?
- 4. My sister ______ (not / feel) well lately.
- 5. They ______ (build) that bridge for two years.
- 6. Why are you so tired? What ______ you ______ (do)?
B. Present Perfect yoki Present Perfect Continuous?
- 7. I ______ (read) this book for a week, but I’m only on page 50.
- 8. I ______ (read) four chapters today.
- 9. She ______ (know) him since university.
- 10. Your eyes are red. ______ you ______ (cry)?
- 11. We ______ (paint) the kitchen. Now it’s white. (tayyor)
- 12. He ______ (work) at the bank since 2019.
Javoblar
1 — have been learning (’ve been learning); 2 — has been snowing; 3 — have … been waiting; 4 — hasn’t been feeling; 5 — have been building; 6 — have … been doing.
7 — have been reading; 8 — have read; 9 — has known; 10 — Have … been crying; 11 — have painted; 12 — has worked yoki has been working.
Izohlar:
- 7 va 8: bitta fe’l, ikki zamon. 7-gapda jarayon va vaqt (for a week), kitob tugamagan. 8-gapda sanalgan natija (four chapters), shuning uchun oddiy Present Perfect.
- 9-gap: know holat fe’li, faqat has known.
- 10-gap: qizil ko‘z — jarayonning izi. Dialogdagi Nigora holati bilan solishtiring.
- 11-gap: oshxona tayyor, diqqat natijada: have painted.
- 12-gap: work bilan ikkala shakl ham to‘g‘ri, ma’no deyarli bir xil.
Barcha zamonlarni yonma-yon ko‘rish uchun 16 ta zamon jadvali foydali. Oddiy Present Perfect’ni mustahkamlash kerak bo‘lsa, Present Perfect qoidasi sahifasiga qayting.
BandMate bilan mashq
IELTS Speaking Part 1’da How long have you been living in your city? yoki How long have you been learning English? turidagi savollar uchrashi mumkin. BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan shunday savollarga ovozli javob berib, have been + -ing shaklini tabiiy nutqda mashq qilasiz; ilova xato bo‘lsa ko‘rsatadi, darslarda qoida o‘zbekcha izohlanadi. Bugun uchta gap ayting: nimani qachondan beri qilyapsiz, bugun nima sizni charchatdi va keyingi paytda nimani ko‘p qilyapsiz.
BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling
