Present Continuous (hozirgi davomli zamon) ayni paytda yoki shu kunlarda davom etayotgan harakatni bildiradi. Formula: am/is/are + fe’l + -ing: I’m cooking. She’s working from home this week. O‘zbekchada unga “-yapti” shakli mos keladi: pishiryapman, ishlayapti.
Bu zamon yana ikki joyda kerak bo‘ladi: kelishib qo‘yilgan kelajak rejasi (I’m meeting Aziz tomorrow) va o‘zgarib borayotgan holat (It’s getting cold). Know, like, want kabi holat fe’llari esa odatda -ing olmaydi.
Telefondagi savol: “Nima qilyapsan?”
Shanba kuni ertalab. Onasi Samarqanddan Toshkentda o‘qiyotgan o‘g‘li Bekzodga qo‘ng‘iroq qildi:
Mum: Hi, Bekzod! What are you doing?
Bekzod: Hi, Mum. I’m cleaning my room. My roommates are sleeping, so I’m trying to be quiet.
Mum: Are you eating properly? You’re not just drinking coffee, I hope.
Bekzod: No, no. Actually, I’m learning to cook. I’m making lagman right now.
Mum: Good boy. And how is your English course going?
Bekzod: It’s going well. We’re preparing for a speaking test this month, and my speaking is getting better.
Dialogdagi har bir -ing shakli boshqa-boshqa vazifada: I’m cleaning — hozir, I’m learning to cook — shu kunlarda, is getting better — o‘zgarish. Quyida ularni birma-bir ko‘ramiz.
Formula va jadval
| Gap turi | Formula | Misol | Tarjima |
|---|---|---|---|
| Darak | I am (I’m) + V-ing | I’m reading a book. | Kitob o‘qiyapman. |
| Darak | he/she/it is (’s) + V-ing | She’s cooking dinner. | U kechki ovqat pishiryapti. |
| Darak | you/we/they are (’re) + V-ing | They’re waiting outside. | Ular tashqarida kutyapti. |
| Inkor | am not / isn’t / aren’t + V-ing | He isn’t listening. | U eshitmayapti. |
| So‘roq | Am/Is/Are + ega + V-ing? | Are you coming? | Kelyapsizmi? |
| Maxsus savol | so‘roq so‘zi + am/is/are + ega + V-ing? | Where is she going? | U qayerga ketyapti? |
| Javob | Yes, I am. / No, he isn’t. | — | Ha. / Yo‘q. |
Ikki narsani eslab qoling. Birinchidan, am/is/are tushib qolmaydi: I cooking emas, I’m cooking. Ikkinchidan, bu zamonda do/does ishlatilmaydi: Do you coming? emas, Are you coming? Ha/yo‘q javobida qisqartma ishlatilmaydi: Yes, I am (not Yes, I’m).
-ing qo‘shishning imlo qoidalari
| Qoida | Misollar |
|---|---|
| Ko‘pchilik fe’llarga shunchaki -ing | read → reading, cook → cooking, go → going |
| Oxiridagi talaffuz qilinmaydigan -e tushadi | make → making, write → writing, drive → driving |
| -ee, -ye, -oe da e qoladi | see → seeing, agree → agreeing, dye → dyeing |
| -ie → -y | lie → lying, die → dying, tie → tying |
| Bir bo‘g‘inli, undosh-unli-undosh: oxirgi undosh ikkilanadi | sit → sitting, run → running, stop → stopping |
| Urg‘u oxirgi bo‘g‘inda bo‘lsa ham ikkilanadi | begin → beginning, forget → forgetting |
| Urg‘u oxirida bo‘lmasa, ikkilanmaydi | visit → visiting, open → opening, listen → listening |
| w, x, y hech qachon ikkilanmaydi | snow → snowing, fix → fixing, play → playing |
Britaniya imlosida -l ikkilanadi: travel → travelling. Amerika imlosida bitta: traveling. Ikkalasi ham to‘g‘ri, bitta matnda bittasini tanlang.
Beshta vazifa va misollar
1. Ayni paytda bo‘layotgan ish
- Shh, the baby is sleeping. — Jim, chaqaloq uxlayapti.
- I’m standing at Amir Temur Square. Where are you? — Amir Temur xiyobonida turibman. Qayerdasan?
- Look, it’s snowing! — Qara, qor yog‘yapti!
2. Shu kunlarda, vaqtincha davom etayotgan ish
Harakat aynan gapirayotgan daqiqada bo‘lmasligi mumkin, lekin shu davrda davom etyapti.
- I’m reading a book about the Silk Road. (hozir qo‘limda emas, lekin o‘qib yuribman) — Buyuk ipak yo‘li haqida kitob o‘qiyapman.
- My uncle is working in Korea this year. — Amakim bu yil Koreyada ishlayapti.
- We’re living with my grandparents until our flat is ready. — Kvartiramiz tayyor bo‘lguncha buvim va bobomnikida yashayapmiz.
3. O‘zgarish va jarayon
- Tashkent is growing very fast. — Toshkent juda tez o‘syapti.
- The days are getting shorter. — Kunlar qisqaryapti.
- My English is improving slowly. — Inglizcham asta-sekin yaxshilanyapti.
4. Kelishib qo‘yilgan kelajak reja
O‘zbekcha bu yerda oddiy hozirgi-kelasi zamon ishlatadi (ertaga uchrashaman), inglizcha esa Continuous. Odatda vaqt aytiladi, reja allaqachon kelishilgan: chipta olingan, odam bilan gaplashilgan.
- I’m flying to Istanbul on Friday. — Juma kuni Istanbulga uchaman.
- My cousin is getting married in May. — Amakivachchamning to‘yi mayda.
- What are you doing on Saturday evening? — Shanba kechqurun nima qilyapsiz? (rejangiz nima?)
5. Always bilan: jahlni chiqaradigan odat
- My brother is always taking my charger! — Ukam doim zaryadlagichimni olib ketadi!
- Our neighbour is always playing loud music at night. — Qo‘shnimiz doim kechasi baland musiqa qo‘yadi.
- You’re always interrupting me. — Doim gapimni bo‘lasan.
Bu yerda always “har doim, lekin bu meni bezovta qiladi” degan ohang beradi. Oddiy odat uchun Present Simple: He always gets up early.
Signal so‘zlar
- Hozir: now, right now, at the moment, Look! Listen! Be quiet!
- Shu davrda: today, this week, this month, these days, currently, nowadays
- Reja: tonight, tomorrow, on Friday, next week (kelishilgan ish bo‘lsa)
Know, like, want: nega -ing olmaydi
Present Continuous boshlanishi, davomi va oxiri bor harakat uchun. Ba’zi fe’llar esa harakat emas, holat bildiradi: bilish, yoqtirish, istash, egalik. Ularning “jarayoni” yo‘q, shuning uchun hozir haqida gapirganda ham Present Simple’da qoladi.
| Holat | Noto‘g‘ri | To‘g‘ri |
|---|---|---|
| Bilish | I’m knowing his number. | I know his number. |
| Yoqtirish | She’s liking her new job. | She likes her new job. |
| Istash | I’m wanting some water. | I want some water. |
| Egalik | He’s having a new phone. | He has a new phone. |
| Tushunish | Are you understanding? | Do you understand? |
Ayrim fe’llar ikki ma’noli: I have a car (egalik) va I’m having lunch (ovqatlanyapman). Bunday juftlar va to‘liq ro‘yxat Present Simple va Present Continuous farqi sahifasida.
O‘zbek va rus tilidan keladigan xatolar
| Noto‘g‘ri | To‘g‘ri | Sabab |
|---|---|---|
| I watching TV now. | I’m watching TV now. | am tushib qolgan |
| She is work now. | She is working now. | -ing unutilgan |
| Do you listening? | Are you listening? | do bilan aralashgan |
| I read a book now. | I’m reading a book now. | Ruschada davomli shakl yo‘q |
| He is writeing a letter. | He is writing a letter. | -e tushmagan |
| They are siting in the car. | They are sitting in the car. | t ikkilanmagan |
| I meet Dilshod tomorrow at six. | I’m meeting Dilshod tomorrow at six. | Kelishilgan reja |
Rus tilida Я читаю ham “o‘qiyman”, ham “o‘qiyapman” degani. O‘zbek tilida esa bu farq bor, shuning uchun o‘zbekcha o‘ylash yordam beradi: gapda “-yapti” eshitilsa, inglizchada ko‘pincha -ing kerak.
Rasmli mashq
A. Har bir rasm uchun to‘liq Present Continuous gap yozing.
B. Qavsdagi fe’lni to‘g‘ri shaklda yozing.
- 6. Be quiet! Grandma ______ (sleep).
- 7. ______ you ______ (come) to Kamola’s birthday on Sunday?
- 8. Prices in the bazaar ______ (go up) again.
- 9. I ______ (not / work) this week. I’m on holiday.
- 10. Why ______ he ______ (run)? Is he late?
- 11. My sister ______ (study) in Seoul this year.
C. Xatoni tuzating. Bitta gap to‘g‘ri.
- 12. I’m not understanding this question.
- 13. She is lying on the sofa.
- 14. We are wanting to buy a new car.
Javoblar
1 — She’s cooking dinner. 2 — He’s driving to work. 3 — She’s talking on the phone. 4 — She’s waiting for the bus. 5 — She’s working on her laptop.
6 — is sleeping; 7 — Are … coming; 8 — are going up; 9 — am not working (’m not working); 10 — is … running; 11 — is studying.
12 — I don’t understand this question. 13 — To‘g‘ri. 14 — We want to buy a new car.
Izohlar:
- 1 va 2: cook ga -ing oddiy qo‘shiladi, drive da esa -e tushadi: driving.
- 7-gap: yakshanba kelajak, lekin reja kelishilgan, shuning uchun Continuous tabiiy.
- 8-gap: ega prices ko‘plik, demak are. Bu gap o‘zgarish ma’nosida.
- 10-gap: run bir bo‘g‘inli, undosh-unli-undosh, shuning uchun running.
- 13-gap: lie → lying, imlo to‘g‘ri. Lieing xato.
- 12 va 14: understand va want holat fe’llari, -ing olmaydi.
Odat va hozirgi harakatni ajratishni mustahkamlash uchun Present Simple qoidasi sahifasidagi mashqni ham bajaring. Qaysi vaziyatda qaysi zamon kerakligini umumiy ko‘rish uchun qaysi zamonni qachon ishlatish qo‘llanmasi foydali.
BandMate bilan mashq
BandMate ilovasida Bandi sizdan “Hozir nima qilyapsiz?” yoki “Bu hafta nimalar bilan bandsiz?” deb so‘rashi mumkin: javobni ovoz chiqarib aytasiz, xato bo‘lsa, ilova to‘g‘ri shaklni ko‘rsatadi. Darslarda qoidalar o‘zbekcha izohlanadi. Bugun sinab ko‘ring: xonangizda ko‘rib turgan beshta harakatni Present Continuous bilan ayting va ilovada yozib oling.
BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling
