Present Simple qoidasi: jadval, 20 ta misol va 15 ta mashq

Present Simple (hozirgi oddiy zamon) takrorlanadigan ish, doimiy holat va umumiy haqiqat uchun ishlatiladi: I work in Yunusobod. Water boils at 100 °C. Fe’l lug‘atdagi shaklida qoladi, faqat he, she, it bilan oxiriga -s yoki -es qo‘shiladi: she works, he watches. Inkor va so‘roq gap do/does yordamida yasaladi: I don’t work. Does she work?

O‘zbekchada bu zamonga ishlayman, ishlaysiz, ishlaydi shakllari to‘g‘ri keladi. Bitta katta farq bor: o‘zbek fe’li har bir shaxsda o‘zgaradi, ingliz fe’li esa faqat uchinchi shaxs birlikda (u) o‘zgaradi. Butun zamonning qiyin joyi shu kichik -s.

Jasurning bir kuni

Jasur Toshkentda yashaydi va IT Parkdagi kompaniyada dasturchi bo‘lib ishlaydi. Uning oddiy ish kunini inglizchada aytamiz. Har bir gap Present Simple:

Jasur gets up at 6:30. He has breakfast with his parents: non, tea and eggs. At eight he takes the metro from Chilonzor. He starts work at nine and finishes at six. He plays football with his friends twice a week. He doesn’t watch TV in the evening, but he reads a lot.

E’tibor bering: has (have emas) va goes (go emas) — uchinchi shaxsdagi eng ko‘p ishlatiladigan ikki shakl. Quyidagi rasmlarda ham xuddi shu shakllar:

he gets up — u o‘rnidan turadi — **he gets up**u o‘rnidan turadi

she has breakfast — u nonushta qiladi — **she has breakfast**u nonushta qiladi

she goes to work — u ishga boradi — **she goes to work**u ishga boradi

he goes to school — u maktabga boradi — **he goes to school**u maktabga boradi

she has lunch — u tushlik qiladi — **she has lunch**u tushlik qiladi

he comes home — u uyga qaytadi — **he comes home**u uyga qaytadi

he goes to bed — u uxlashga yotadi — **he goes to bed**u uxlashga yotadi

Hozir bir daqiqalik mashq qiling: o‘z kuningizni I bilan beshta gapda ayting (I get up at seven. I have breakfast…). Keyin xuddi shu gaplarni do‘stingiz haqida he yoki she bilan qayta ayting va har bir fe’lga -s qo‘shilganini tekshiring.

Yasalishi: darak, inkor va so‘roq gap

Gap turi	Formula	Misol	Tarjima
Darak (I, you, we, they)	ega + V1	I live in Tashkent.	Men Toshkentda yashayman.
Darak (he, she, it)	ega + V1 + -s/-es	She lives in Tashkent.	U Toshkentda yashaydi.
Inkor (I, you, we, they)	ega + don’t + V1	We don’t live in Samarkand.	Biz Samarqandda yashamaymiz.
Inkor (he, she, it)	ega + doesn’t + V1	He doesn’t live in Samarkand.	U Samarqandda yashamaydi.
So‘roq (I, you, we, they)	Do + ega + V1?	Do you live near here?	Shu atrofda yashaysizmi?
So‘roq (he, she, it)	Does + ega + V1?	Does your sister live near here?	Opangiz shu atrofda yashaydimi?
Maxsus savol	so‘roq so‘zi + do/does + ega + V1?	Where does he work?	U qayerda ishlaydi?
Ha/yo‘q javobi	Yes, ega + do/does. / No, ega + don’t/doesn’t.	Yes, I do. / No, she doesn’t.	Ha. / Yo‘q.

Asosiy qoida: -s gapda faqat bir marta keladi. U yo fe’lda (she works), yo doesda (does she work?, she doesn’t work) turadi. Ikkala joyda birdan bo‘lmaydi.

Be fe’li (am, is, are) bu tizimga kirmaydi: unga do kerak emas. I am a student. Are you tired? She isn’t at home. Xuddi shunday can, must, should bilan ham do ishlatilmaydi: She can swim. Can he drive?

-s yoki -es: imlo qoidalari

Fe’l oxiri	Nima qo‘shiladi	Misollar
Ko‘pchilik fe’llar	-s	work → works, read → reads, sell → sells
-s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, -z	-es	kiss → kisses, wash → washes, watch → watches, fix → fixes
-o	-es	go → goes, do → does
undosh + y	y tushib, -ies	study → studies, carry → carries, try → tries
unli + y	-s	play → plays, buy → buys, pay → pays
have	alohida shakl	have → has

Talaffuzga ham e’tibor bering. -es sirg‘aluvchi tovushlardan keyin alohida bo‘g‘in bo‘lib eshitiladi: watches /ˈwɒtʃɪz/, washes /ˈwɒʃɪz/. Does /dʌz/ va says /sez/ yozilishidan boshqacha o‘qiladi.

Nega 3-shaxs -s unutiladi

O‘zbek tilida fe’l qo‘shimchasi har doim eshitiladi: ishlayman, ishlaymiz, ishlaydi. Ingliz tilida esa -s urg‘usiz, qisqa tovush, tez nutqda deyarli yutilib ketadi. Shuning uchun o‘rganuvchi “inglizcha fe’l o‘zgarmaydi” degan xulosaga keladi va She work deydi.

Ikki foydali tekshiruv:

Egani he/she/it bilan almashtira olasizmi? My mother → she, the shop → it, Tashkent → it, everybody → he/she ma’nosida birlik. Almashtira olsangiz, fe’lga -s kerak: My mother cooks, The shop opens at nine, Everybody knows him.
Ega ko‘plikmi? My parents, the buses, Ali and Vali → they. -s kerak emas: My parents live in Namangan.

Rus tilida o‘qiganlar uchun yana bir tuzoq: Что значит это слово? savolini so‘zma-so‘z ko‘chirib What means this word? deyishadi. Inglizchada does kerak: What does this word mean?

Qachon ishlatiladi: 20 ta misol tarjimasi bilan

Odat va takroriy ish

1. I drink green tea after lunch. — Tushlikdan keyin ko‘k choy ichaman.
2. Our family cooks plov every Thursday. — Oilamiz har payshanba osh damlaydi.
3. My grandfather visits the choyxona on Fridays. — Bobom juma kunlari choyxonaga boradi.
4. Dilnoza checks her email before every class. — Dilnoza har darsdan oldin pochtasini tekshiradi.

Doimiy holat: ish, yashash joyi, egalik

5. My sister works as a nurse in Samarkand. — Opam Samarqandda hamshira bo‘lib ishlaydi.
6. They live near Chorsu Bazaar. — Ular Chorsu bozori yaqinida yashaydi.
7. I don’t have a car, so I use the metro. — Mashinam yo‘q, shuning uchun metrodan foydalanaman.
8. Sardor speaks three languages. — Sardor uch tilda gapiradi.

Fakt va umumiy haqiqat

9. Water freezes at 0 °C. — Suv 0 darajada muzlaydi.
10. The sun rises in the east. — Quyosh sharqdan chiqadi.
11. Cotton needs a lot of water. — Paxta ko‘p suv talab qiladi.

Jadval va dastur

12. The bank opens at nine and closes at five. — Bank soat to‘qqizda ochilib, beshda yopiladi.
13. Our train to Bukhara leaves at 8:10 tomorrow. — Buxoroga poyezdimiz ertaga 8:10 da jo‘naydi.
14. The English course starts next Monday. — Ingliz tili kursi keyingi dushanba boshlanadi.

13 va 14-misollarda gap kelajak haqida, lekin zamon Present Simple: jadval bo‘yicha bo‘ladigan ish uchun shunday aytiladi.

Yo‘l ko‘rsatish va retsept

15. You go straight and turn left at the pharmacy. — To‘g‘riga yurib, dorixonadan chapga burilasiz.
16. First you fry the meat, then you add the carrots. — Avval go‘shtni qovurasiz, keyin sabzini solasiz.

Inkor va savol

17. My brother doesn’t eat spicy food. — Akam achchiq ovqat yemaydi.
18. Do you work or study? — Ishlaysizmi yoki o‘qiysizmi?
19. How often does the bus come? — Avtobus qanchalik tez-tez keladi?
20. What time do the shops close on Sunday? — Yakshanba kuni do‘konlar soat nechada yopiladi?

Know, like, want, need, understand kabi holat fe’llari “hozir” ma’nosida ham Present Simple’da qoladi: I understand you now (not I’m understanding).

Signal so‘zlar

Guruh	So‘zlar
Chastota ravishlari	always, usually, often, sometimes, rarely, never
“Har” iboralari	every day, every morning, every summer
Necha marta	once a week, twice a month, three times a year
Kunlar va vaqtlar	on Mondays, at weekends, in the evening

Chastota ravishi asosiy fe’ldan oldin, lekin bedan keyin turadi: She often cooks dinner, lekin She is often late. Vaqt iborasi odatda gap oxiriga qo‘yiladi: I call my mother every evening. Ravishlarning to‘liq ro‘yxati va o‘rni chastota ravishlari sahifasida.

O‘zbek o‘rganuvchilar qiladigan xatolar

Noto‘g‘ri	To‘g‘ri	Izoh
She go to work by bus.	She goes to work by bus.	3-shaxs -es tushib qolgan
My brother study at TATU.	My brother studies at TATU.	y → ies
He haves two children.	He has two children.	have ning 3-shaxs shakli has
Does he works here?	Does he work here?	-s ikki marta
He don’t eat meat.	He doesn’t eat meat.	he bilan does
I am work in a bank.	I work in a bank.	am ortiqcha
Do you are a student?	Are you a student?	be bilan do kerak emas
Where you live?	Where do you live?	savolda do tushib qolgan
She can speaks English.	She can speak English.	can dan keyin V1
I every day drink coffee.	I drink coffee every day.	o‘zbekcha so‘z tartibi

Oxirgi xato o‘zbekcha gap tuzilishidan keladi: “Men har kuni kofe ichaman” da vaqt fe’ldan oldin turadi. Inglizcha tartib: ega + fe’l + to‘ldiruvchi + vaqt.

Present Continuous bilan adashtirmang

Eng ko‘p chalkashlik I work va I’m working orasida bo‘ladi. Birinchisi odat yoki doimiy ish (ishlayman), ikkinchisi ayni paytdagi yoki vaqtinchalik harakat (ishlayapman). Ikki zamonning to‘liq taqqoslash jadvali va stative fe’llar ro‘yxati Present Simple va Present Continuous farqi sahifasida. Do yoki does tanlashda ikkilansangiz, do va does qo‘llanmasini ko‘ring.

Mashq: 15 ta savol

A. Qavsdagi fe’lni Present Simple shaklida yozing.

1. My father ______ (work) at a hospital in Mirzo Ulug‘bek district.
2. Nilufar ______ (study) economics at university.
3. The metro ______ (open) at 5 a.m.
4. My little brother ______ (watch) cartoons every evening.
5. We ______ (not / eat) breakfast at home on weekdays.
6. It ______ (not / rain) much in Tashkent in August.
7. Aziz ______ (have) two sisters.
8. She ______ (go) to the gym three times a week.

B. So‘roq gap tuzing.

9. you / like / green tea?
10. where / your brother / work?
11. how often / she / call / her parents?
12. what time / the lesson / start?

C. Xatoni toping va tuzating.

13. My mother don’t drink coffee.
14. Does your friend speaks Russian?
15. He always is busy on Mondays.

Javoblar

1 — works; 2 — studies; 3 — opens; 4 — watches; 5 — don’t eat; 6 — doesn’t rain; 7 — has; 8 — goes.

9 — Do you like green tea? 10 — Where does your brother work? 11 — How often does she call her parents? 12 — What time does the lesson start?

13 — My mother doesn’t drink coffee. 14 — Does your friend speak Russian? 15 — He is always busy on Mondays.

Qiyin joylar izohi:

2-gap: study undosh + y bilan tugaydi, shuning uchun studies. Plays esa unli + y, u yerda y o‘zgarmaydi.
6-gap: ega it, demak doesn’t. Don’t rain — tez-tez uchraydigan xato.
12-gap: ega the lesson birlik, shuning uchun does, va fe’l start -s siz qoladi. What time the lesson starts? og‘zaki nutqda eshitilsa ham, to‘g‘ri savol shakli emas.
15-gap: always be fe’lidan keyin keladi. Boshqa fe’llar bilan esa oldin: He always works late.

10 tadan ko‘p to‘g‘ri javob bo‘lsa, keyingi qadam — ingliz tilidagi 12 zamon xaritasi: u Present Simple boshqa zamonlar orasida qayerda turishini ko‘rsatadi.

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