Future Simple will + fe’lning asosiy shakli bilan yasaladi va hamma shaxsda bir xil: I will help, she will help, they will help. U to‘rt holatda ishlatiladi: gapirayotgan paytda qabul qilingan qaror, fikrga asoslangan bashorat, va’da va taklif yoki iltimos. Inkori won’t (will not), so‘rog‘i esa will ni oldinga chiqarish bilan: Will you help me?
Yaxshi xabar: bu zamonda -s ham, do/does ham yo‘q. Qiyin joy boshqa: o‘zbekcha boraman shakli ham hozirgi, ham kelasi zamonni bildiradi, shuning uchun o‘rganuvchilar ba’zan will ni kerak joyda tushirib qoldiradi, ba’zan esa rejalar uchun ham ishlataveradi. Quyida qaysi holatda will to‘g‘ri tanlov ekanini ko‘rasiz.
Oshxonadagi bir daqiqa: to‘rtta will
Kechki payt, Madina va akasi Bekzod oshxonada. Har bir will boshqa vazifada:
A: The electricity is off again. I can’t see anything.
B: Wait, I’ll get a torch from the car. (shu zahoti qaror)
A: Do you think it’ll come back soon?
B: I think it will be back in an hour. It usually is. (fikrga asoslangan bashorat)
A: I promised Mum I’d cook plov tonight.
B: Don’t worry, I’ll help you. I won’t leave you alone in the kitchen. (va’da)
A: Will you hold the torch for me, please? (iltimos)
B: Sure. Shall I cut the carrots too? (taklif)
Hozir sinab ko‘ring: telefoningiz jiringladi, lekin qo‘lingiz band. Nima deysiz? To‘g‘ri javob: I’ll get it! yoki kimgadir Can you get it? Bu qisqa ibora will ning eng tabiiy ishlatilishi.
Yasalishi
| Gap turi | Formula | Misol | Tarjima |
|---|---|---|---|
| Darak | ega + will + V1 | They will arrive at six. | Ular soat oltida yetib keladi. |
| Qisqa shakl | ega + ’ll + V1 | I’ll call you back. | Sizga qayta qo‘ng‘iroq qilaman. |
| Inkor | ega + won’t + V1 | She won’t be late. | U kechikmaydi. |
| So‘roq | Will + ega + V1? | Will it rain tomorrow? | Ertaga yomg‘ir yog‘adimi? |
| Maxsus savol | so‘roq so‘zi + will + ega + V1? | When will you finish? | Qachon tugatasiz? |
| Ha/yo‘q javobi | Yes, ega + will. / No, ega + won’t. | Yes, I will. / No, it won’t. | Ha. / Yo‘q. |
Uchta mayda qoida:
- Will dan keyin to kelmaydi: I will go (I will to go emas).
- Will dan keyin fe’l o‘zgarmaydi: He will come (He will comes emas).
- Ha/yo‘q javobida ’ll ishlatilmaydi: Yes, I will (Yes, I’ll emas).
Won’t talaffuzi /wəʊnt/, want /wɒnt/ bilan adashtirmang. Og‘zaki nutqda I’ll ko‘pincha /aɪl/ bo‘lib deyarli eshitilmaydi, shuning uchun tinglashda I’ll call ni I call deb eshitib qolish oson.
Will ning to‘rt vazifasi
1. Shu zahoti qaror
Qarorni gapirayotgan paytingizda qabul qilyapsiz, oldindan reja yo‘q edi.
- The bus is full. I’ll take a taxi. — Avtobus to‘la ekan. Taksida ketaman.
- Oh, you don’t have a pen? I’ll lend you mine. — Ruchkangiz yo‘qmi? Meniki bor, beraman.
- I’ll have the lagman, please. — Menga lag‘mon, iltimos. (kafeda buyurtma)
Agar qaror oldindan qilingan bo‘lsa, going to kerak: I’m going to take a taxi — I’ve already booked it. Bu farq be going to va will farqi sahifasida 20 juft misol bilan ko‘rsatilgan.
2. Fikrga asoslangan bashorat
Kelajak haqida o‘z fikringiz, taxminingiz. Ko‘pincha I think, I’m sure, probably, maybe, I hope bilan keladi.
- I think Uzbekistan will win the match. — Menimcha, O‘zbekiston o‘yinda yutadi.
- You’ll love Samarkand. — Samarqand sizga juda yoqadi.
- Prices will probably go up next year. — Kelasi yil narxlar oshsa kerak.
- I hope you’ll pass the exam. — Imtihondan o‘tasiz degan umiddaman.
Probably va definitely ning o‘rni: darak gapda will dan keyin (He’ll probably come), inkorda won’t dan oldin (He probably won’t come).
3. Va’da va ogohlantirish
- I’ll pay you back on Friday. — Juma kuni qarzimni qaytaraman.
- I won’t tell anyone, I promise. — Hech kimga aytmayman, so‘z beraman.
- Be careful, the pan is hot. You’ll burn yourself. — Ehtiyot bo‘ling, tova issiq. Qo‘lingiz kuyadi.
Shart bilan keladigan va’da va ogohlantirishlar (If you study, you’ll pass) alohida qoidaga ega; ular first conditional sahifasida.
4. Taklif va iltimos
- Will you close the window, please? — Derazani yopib qo‘yasizmi?
- Will you marry me? — Menga turmushga chiqasizmi?
- I’ll carry that bag for you. — Sumkangizni men ko‘taraman.
Iltimosda Will you…? biroz to‘g‘ridan to‘g‘ri eshitiladi. Notanish odamga Could you…? yumshoqroq: Could you close the window, please?
Won’t: faqat inkor emas
Won’t “qilmaydi” ma’nosidan tashqari ko‘nmaslik, ishlamay qolish ma’nosida ham keladi:
- The car won’t start. — Mashina o‘t olmayapti.
- My son won’t eat vegetables. — O‘g‘lim sabzavotni hech yemay turib oladi.
- The door won’t open. — Eshik ochilmayapti.
O‘zbekchada bu gaplar hozirgi zamonda (o‘t olmayapti), lekin inglizchada won’t. Rus tilida o‘qiganlarga tanish: машина не заводится.
Shall: qachon kerak
Zamonaviy ingliz tilida shall asosan ikki savolda qoldi:
| Savol | Ma’nosi | Misol | Tarjima |
|---|---|---|---|
| Shall I …? | Taklif: men qilaymi? | Shall I open the window? | Derazani ochaymi? |
| Shall we …? | Birgalikda qilishni taklif | Shall we go to Chorsu on Saturday? | Shanba kuni Chorsuga boramizmi? |
| What shall we …? | Maslahat so‘rash | What shall we cook tonight? | Bugun kechqurun nima pishiramiz? |
I shall va we shall darak gapda hozir kam uchraydi, asosan rasmiy matn va eski kitoblarda. Amerika inglizchasida Shall I…? o‘rniga ko‘proq Should I…? yoki Do you want me to…? eshitasiz.
Will yoki going to: 10 soniyalik tekshiruv
| Savol | Ha bo‘lsa |
|---|---|
| Qarorni hozir, gapirayotganda qabul qildimmi? | will |
| Reja oldindan tuzilganmi? | going to |
| Bashorat faqat mening fikrimmi? | will |
| Hozir ko‘z oldimda dalil bormi (qora bulut, bo‘sh bak)? | going to |
| Va’da, taklif yoki iltimosmi? | will |
Do‘st bilan aniq kelishilgan uchrashuv uchun Present Continuous ham ishlatiladi: I’m meeting Aziz at seven. Kelajakni aytishning barcha yo‘llari ingliz tilida kelasi zamon qo‘llanmasida yig‘ilgan.
O‘zbek o‘rganuvchilar qiladigan xatolar
| Noto‘g‘ri | To‘g‘ri | Izoh |
|---|---|---|
| I will to call you. | I will call you. | will dan keyin to yo‘q |
| She will comes tomorrow. | She will come tomorrow. | will dan keyin -s yo‘q |
| When I will finish, I will call you. | When I finish, I’ll call you. | when, if, after, as soon as dan keyin Present Simple |
| I go to Bukhara tomorrow, I decided just now. | OK, I’ll go to Bukhara tomorrow. | shu zahoti qaror — will |
| I will visit my aunt this weekend. We bought tickets last week. | I’m going to visit my aunt this weekend. | chipta olingan, bu reja |
| Will I open the door? | Shall I open the door? | taklif Shall I bilan |
| I think he won’t come. | I don’t think he’ll come. | ikkalasi mumkin, ikkinchisi tabiiyroq |
| Yes, I’ll. | Yes, I will. | ha/yo‘q javobida to‘liq will |
Uchinchi xato eng ko‘p uchraydi. O‘zbekcha “tugatganimda qo‘ng‘iroq qilaman” gapida ham ikkinchi fe’lda kelasi zamon ma’nosi bor, shuning uchun ikkala fe’lga will qo‘yiladi. Inglizchada when bo‘lagida Present Simple qoladi.
Mashq: 12 ta savol
A. Qavsdagi fe’lni will yoki won’t bilan yozing.
- 1. Don’t worry about the dishes. I ______ (wash) them.
- 2. I’m sure you ______ (like) the new teacher.
- 3. This bag is too heavy. It ______ (not / fit) in the car.
- 4. I promise I ______ (not / be) late again.
- 5. ______ you ______ (help) me with my IELTS essay?
B. Will, won’t yoki shall ni tanlang.
- 6. ______ I bring you some tea?
- 7. My phone ______ turn on. I think the battery is dead.
- 8. Where ______ we meet? At the metro exit?
C. Xatoni toping va tuzating.
- 9. If it will rain tomorrow, we will stay at home.
- 10. He will to start his new job in March.
- 11. Maybe she will comes to the wedding.
- 12. The phone is ringing! — OK, I answer it.
Javoblar
1 — will (’ll) wash; 2 — will like; 3 — won’t fit; 4 — won’t be; 5 — Will you help.
6 — Shall; 7 — won’t; 8 — shall.
9 — If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home. 10 — He will start his new job in March. 11 — Maybe she will come to the wedding. 12 — OK, I’ll answer it.
Izohlar:
- 1 va 12-gap: qaror gapirayotgan paytda qabul qilinyapti, shuning uchun will. 12-gapdagi I answer it o‘zbekcha “javob beraman” ning so‘zma-so‘z tarjimasi.
- 3 va 7-gap: won’t bu yerda narsa “ko‘nmayapti”, ishlamayapti degan ma’noda.
- 8-gap: Where shall we meet? — birga qaror qilish taklifi. Where will we meet? ham grammatik jihatdan to‘g‘ri, lekin u oddiy ma’lumot so‘rash bo‘lib eshitiladi.
- 9-gap: if bo‘lagida will yo‘q, faqat asosiy bo‘lakda.
BandMate bilan gapirib mashq qiling
Qoidani tushunish bilan uni suhbatda tez ishlatish har xil ko‘nikma. BandMate ilovasida Bandi sizdan dam olish kunlari, ish yoki o‘qish haqidagi rejalaringizni so‘raydi va siz ovoz chiqarib javob berasiz; darslarda kelasi zamon o‘zbekcha izohlar bilan takrorlanadi. Keyingi suhbatda bitta vazifa qo‘ying: kamida uchta va’da yoki taklifni I’ll… va Shall I…? bilan ayting.
BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling
