Ingliz tilida kelajak haqida gapirishning bitta “kelasi zamoni” yo‘q, oltita asosiy usuli bor. Will — shu zahoti qaror, va’da, fikrga asoslangan bashorat. Be going to — oldindan o‘ylangan niyat yoki dalilga asoslangan bashorat. Present Continuous — kelishib qo‘yilgan reja. Present Simple — jadval va dastur. Be about to — hozir, bir necha soniyada bo‘ladigan ish. Future Continuous — kelajakdagi aniq paytda davom etayotgan ish.
O‘zbek tilida bularning deyarli hammasi bitta shakl bilan aytiladi: Ertaga Samarqandga boraman. Shuning uchun o‘rganuvchi ingliz tilida ham bitta shaklni, odatda will ni, hamma joyda ishlatadi. Bu xato emas, lekin ko‘p hollarda g‘alati eshitiladi. Quyida har bir usul qaysi vaziyatga mos kelishini ko‘rasiz.
Bitta telefon suhbatida oltita kelajak
Nodir juma kuni kechqurun do‘sti Jamshidga qo‘ng‘iroq qildi. Qalin harflarga qarang:
A: Hi Jamshid! What are you doing tomorrow?
B: I’m meeting my cousin at eleven. Why?
A: I’m going to buy a new phone, and I need your advice. The shop opens at ten.
B: OK, I’ll come with you. But I can’t stay long.
A: Great. Oh, and don’t call me at nine tonight, I’ll be watching the match.
B: No problem. Listen, my bus is about to leave, I have to go. See you tomorrow!
Bitta qisqa suhbatda oltita shakl: kelishilgan uchrashuv (I’m meeting), niyat (I’m going to buy), jadval (opens), shu zahoti qaror (I’ll come), kelajakdagi paytda davom etadigan ish (I’ll be watching) va hozir bo‘ladigan ish (is about to leave). Ona tilida gapiradiganlar bularni o‘ylamasdan tanlaydi. Siz ham bir necha hafta mashqdan keyin shunday qila olasiz.
Olti usul bitta jadvalda
| Usul | Shakl | Qachon | Misol |
|---|---|---|---|
| will | will + V1 | shu zahoti qaror, va’da, taklif, fikr | I’ll help you with the bags. |
| be going to | am/is/are going to + V1 | oldindan o‘ylangan niyat, ko‘rinib turgan bashorat | We’re going to paint the house in spring. |
| Present Continuous | am/is/are + V-ing | vaqti, joyi kelishilgan reja | I’m seeing the dentist on Monday. |
| Present Simple | V1 / V1+s | jadval, dastur, rasmiy vaqt | The train leaves at 6:15. |
| be about to | am/is/are about to + V1 | juda yaqin, hozir boshlanadigan ish | Hurry up, the film is about to start. |
| Future Continuous | will be + V-ing | kelajakdagi aniq paytda davom etayotgan ish | This time tomorrow I’ll be flying to Istanbul. |
Har bir usul misollar bilan
1. Will: qaror, va’da, fikr
Will gapirayotgan paytda tug‘ilgan qaror yoki shaxsiy fikr uchun: It’s cold. I’ll close the window. — Sovuq ekan, derazani yopaman. I think Uzbekistan will win. — Menimcha, O‘zbekiston yutadi. I’ll call you tonight, I promise. — Kechqurun qo‘ng‘iroq qilaman, va’da beraman. Will’ning to‘rt vazifasi alohida sahifada: Future Simple (will) qoidasi.
2. Be going to: niyat va dalil
Qaror oldinroq qabul qilingan bo‘lsa: I’m going to apply for a master’s degree next year. — Kelasi yili magistraturaga hujjat topshirmoqchiman. Yoki bashorat uchun hozir ko‘rinib turgan dalil bo‘lsa: Look at those clouds. It’s going to rain. Will bilan farqi be going to va will farqi sahifasida 20 juft misolda ko‘rsatilgan.
3. Present Continuous: kelishilgan reja
Reja nafaqat boshingizda, balki boshqalar bilan ham kelishilgan: vaqt belgilangan, chipta olingan, joy band qilingan. We’re having a party on Saturday. — Shanba kuni ziyofat qilyapmiz. My sister is getting married in November. — Opam noyabrda turmushga chiqyapti. Are you coming to the meeting? — Yig‘ilishga kelyapsizmi? Kundalikka yozish mumkin bo‘lgan har qanday reja uchun bu eng tabiiy shakl. Formula va -ing imlosi: Present Continuous qoidasi.
4. Present Simple: jadval va dastur
Sizning xohishingizga bog‘liq bo‘lmagan, jadval bo‘yicha bo‘ladigan voqealar: poyezd, samolyot, dars, kino, do‘kon ish vaqti. Our train to Bukhara departs at 8:00. The lesson starts at nine tomorrow. What time does the concert finish? Bu shakl shaxsiy reja uchun ishlatilmaydi: I meet Aziz tomorrow emas, I’m meeting Aziz tomorrow.
5. Be about to: hozir bo‘ladi
“Mana-mana”, “endi ... moqchi edim” ma’nosi: The plane is about to land. — Samolyot qo‘nish arafasida. I was about to call you! — Endi senga qo‘ng‘iroq qilmoqchi edim! Muhim cheklov: be about to bilan vaqt so‘zi ishlatilmaydi. I’m about to leave in two hours xato; about to allaqachon “hozir” degani.
6. Future Continuous: kelajakdagi “surat”
Kelajakdagi aniq paytni tasavvur qiling va o‘sha paytda nima qilayotgan bo‘lishingizni ayting: At 8 p.m. tomorrow I’ll be sitting in the exam hall. — Ertaga soat 8 da imtihon zalida o‘tirgan bo‘laman. Yana muloyim so‘rash uchun ham qulay: Will you be using the car this evening? — Bugun kechqurun mashinani ishlatasizmi? (so‘ramoqchiman, rejangizga xalaqit bermay). Batafsil: Future Continuous qoidasi.
Qaysi birini tanlash: beshta savol
Gapirishdan oldin tez o‘ylash uchun shu tartibdan foydalaning:
- 1. Voqea bir necha soniya yoki daqiqada bo‘ladimi? Ha — be about to.
- 2. Bu jadval, dastur, rasmiy vaqtmi? Ha — Present Simple.
- 3. Reja kimdir bilan kelishilganmi, vaqti belgilanganmi? Ha — Present Continuous.
- 4. Niyatni oldindan o‘ylab qo‘yganmisiz yoki ko‘z oldingizda dalil bormi? Ha — be going to.
- 5. Qaror hozir tug‘ildimi, va’da, taklif yoki shunchaki fikrmi? Ha — will.
Kelajakdagi aniq paytda davom etayotgan ish haqida gapirsangiz, will be + -ing qo‘shimcha variant sifatida qoladi. Bitta vaziyatga ikki shakl ham mos kelishi mumkin: I’m going to see Aziz tomorrow va I’m seeing Aziz tomorrow ikkalasi ham to‘g‘ri. Birinchisi niyatni, ikkinchisi kelishuvni ta’kidlaydi.
When, if, after dan keyin will qo‘yilmaydi
O‘zbekchada Uyga kelganimda qo‘ng‘iroq qilaman degan gapda ikkala fe’l ham kelajakni bildiradi. Ingliz tilida esa when, if, after, before, as soon as, until dan keyin kelajak ma’nosida hozirgi zamon ishlatiladi:
- ✗ When I will get home, I’ll call you. → ✓ When I get home, I’ll call you.
- ✗ If it will rain, we’ll stay at home. → ✓ If it rains, we’ll stay at home.
- ✗ I’ll wait until you will finish. → ✓ I’ll wait until you finish.
If li shart gaplarning to‘liq qoidasi first conditional sahifasida.
O‘zbek o‘rganuvchilari qiladigan xatolar
| Noto‘g‘ri | To‘g‘ri | Nega |
|---|---|---|
| I go to Samarkand tomorrow. | I’m going to Samarkand tomorrow. | shaxsiy reja uchun Present Simple emas |
| I will to call you. | I will call you. | will dan keyin to yo‘q |
| Tomorrow will be rain. | It’s going to rain tomorrow. / It will rain tomorrow. | rain fe’l, ega kerak: it |
| Wait, I’m going to open the door! | Wait, I’ll open the door! | qaror hozir tug‘ildi |
| The bus is about to come in ten minutes. | The bus is coming in ten minutes. | about to vaqt so‘zi olmaydi |
| What do you do tomorrow? | What are you doing tomorrow? | ertangi reja haqida savol — Present Continuous |
Mashq: 12 ta gap
Qavsdagi fe’lni mos kelasi zamon shaklida yozing. Ba’zi gaplarda ikki javob ham to‘g‘ri.
- 1. Our flight to Istanbul ______ (leave) at 23:40 on Friday.
- 2. A: The phone is ringing. B: I ______ (answer) it.
- 3. I’ve already decided: I ______ (study) medicine.
- 4. Hurry! The shop ______ (close). We have only one minute.
- 5. We ______ (have) dinner with my grandparents on Sunday. They invited us last week.
- 6. Don’t visit me at six. I ______ (cook) iftar then.
- 7. Look at the sky! It ______ (be) a beautiful sunset.
- 8. When she ______ (arrive), I’ll send you a message.
- 9. I think the new metro line ______ (make) life much easier.
- 10. What time ______ the lesson ______ (start) tomorrow?
- 11. I promise I ______ (not / tell) anyone.
- 12. This time next week we ______ (lie) on the beach in Antalya.
Javoblar
1 — leaves; 2 — ’ll answer; 3 — am going to study; 4 — is about to close; 5 — are having (yoki are going to have); 6 — ’ll be cooking; 7 — is going to be; 8 — arrives; 9 — will make; 10 — does … start; 11 — won’t tell; 12 — ’ll be lying.
Izohlar:
- 1-gap: reys jadvali — Present Simple. Will leave ham grammatik xato emas, lekin jadval ohangini yo‘qotadi.
- 3-gap: already decided — qaror oldindan qabul qilingan, demak going to.
- 5-gap: taklif qilingan, vaqti kelishilgan — Present Continuous eng tabiiy.
- 6-gap: kelajakdagi aniq payt (soat olti) va o‘sha paytda davom etadigan ish.
- 7-gap: ko‘z oldingizdagi osmon — dalil, shuning uchun going to.
- 8-gap: when dan keyin hozirgi zamon. When she will arrive — o‘zbek o‘rganuvchilari eng ko‘p qiladigan xatolardan biri.
- 9-gap: I think bilan shaxsiy fikr — will.
9 tadan ko‘p to‘g‘ri javob bo‘lsa, siz olti usulni ajrata olasiz. Endi ularni gapda ishlatish qoldi.
BandMate bilan gapirib mashq qiling
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