First conditional kelajakda haqiqatan bo‘lishi mumkin bo‘lgan shart va uning natijasi haqida gapiradi: If it rains on Saturday, we’ll stay at home. Formula: If + Present Simple, will + V1. Ma’no kelajak bo‘lsa ham, if dan keyin oddiy hozirgi zamon turadi — If it will rain deyilmaydi.
O‘zbekchada bu -sa, -aman / -adi qolipi: Shanba kuni yomg‘ir yog‘sa, uyda qolamiz. Va’da berganda, ogohlantirganda, kelishganda va reja tuzganda eng ko‘p ishlatiladigan shart gap shu.
Nega if dan keyin will yo‘q
Inglizchada kelajak ma’nosini gapning bitta qismi ko‘taradi — natija qismi. If qismidagi voqea hali shart, shuning uchun u oddiy present bilan beriladi. Bu qoida when, as soon as, before, after, until, unless dan keyin ham amal qiladi.
O‘zbek tilida so‘zlashuvchilar uchun yaxshi xabar: o‘zbekcha shart qismida ham kelajak qo‘shimchasi yo‘q. “Kelaman bo‘lsa” demaymiz, “kelsam” deymiz. Demak, o‘zbekcha sezgi bu yerda to‘g‘ri yo‘l ko‘rsatadi. If it will rain xatosi ko‘proq rus tilidagi если будет дождь qolipidan yoki “kelajak — demak will” degan mexanik qoidadan keladi.
| O‘zbekcha | Inglizcha | Qaysi qismda kelajak |
|---|---|---|
| Pul yetsa, noutbuk olaman. | If I have enough money, I’ll buy a laptop. | faqat natijada |
| Avtobus kelmasa, piyoda boramiz. | If the bus doesn’t come, we’ll walk. | faqat natijada |
| Uyga yetib borishim bilan xabar yozaman. | I’ll text you as soon as I get home. | faqat natijada |
| Siz qaytmaguningizcha kutaman. | I’ll wait until you come back. | faqat natijada |
Natija qismida will o‘rniga nima kelishi mumkin
Will eng keng tarqalgan variant, lekin yagona emas. Natija qismidagi so‘z gapning ohangini o‘zgartiradi:
| Natija qismi | Ma’no | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| will / won’t | ishonchli natija | If you call before ten, she’ll answer. |
| be going to | aniq rejaga asoslangan natija | If the price goes up again, I’m going to sell my car. |
| may / might | ehtimoliy natija | If the traffic is bad, we might be late. |
| can | imkoniyat, ruxsat | If you finish early, you can go home. |
| should | maslahat | If you feel tired, you should take a break. |
| buyruq | ko‘rsatma | If you see Malika, tell her about the meeting. |
Imkoniyat va ruxsat ma’nolari haqida batafsil can, could va be able to sahifasida yozilgan.
Uch vazifa: va’da, ogohlantirish, kelishuv
Va’da. Siz biror narsa qilishga so‘z berasiz, shart esa ikkinchi odamga bog‘liq:
- If you help me move the furniture, I’ll cook plov for everyone. — Mebelni ko‘chirishga yordam bersang, hammaga osh damlayman.
- If you pass the exam, we’ll buy you a bike. — Imtihondan o‘tsang, senga velosiped olib beramiz.
- I’ll send you the file tonight if I finish it. — Tugatsam, faylni bugun kechqurun yuboraman.
Ogohlantirish. Shart bajarilsa, yomon natija bo‘lishini aytasiz:
- If you don’t wear a hat, you’ll get sunburnt. — Shlyapa kiymasang, quyosh kuydiradi.
- If you leave the gas on, the pot will burn. — Gazni o‘chirmasang, qozon kuyib qoladi.
- You’ll miss the train if you don’t leave now. — Hozir chiqmasangiz, poyezdga ulgurmaysiz.
Kelishuv va savdo. Ikkala tomon shart qo‘yadi:
- If you take three kilos, I’ll give you a discount. — Uch kilo olsangiz, chegirma qilaman.
- If you wash the dishes, I’ll do the laundry. — Sen idish yuvsang, men kir yuvaman.
When, as soon as, unless: bir oila, bir qoida
If yoki when. When voqea albatta bo‘lishini, if — bo‘lishi mumkinligini bildiradi:
- When I get my diploma, I’ll look for a job in IT Park. — diplom aniq olinadi.
- If I get a grant, I’ll study in Tashkent. — grant hali noma’lum.
As soon as — “... bilanoq”: As soon as the rain stops, we’ll go out.
Before / after / until: Don’t open the oven until the timer rings. I’ll check the prices before I buy anything.
Unless — “agar ... -masa”: Unless you book now, there won’t be any seats. = If you don’t book now… Unless ning o‘zida inkor bor, shuning uchun unless you don’t book xato. Unless ning as long as va in case bilan farqini unless, provided, as long as sahifasida ko‘ring.
First yoki second: shartga qanchalik ishonasiz
Ikki tur bir xil vaziyatni aytishi mumkin. Farq gapiruvchining ishonchida:
| First: real imkoniyat | Second: kam ehtimol yoki xayol |
|---|---|
| If Nodira calls today, I’ll invite her. — Nodira qo‘ng‘iroq qilishi mumkin. | If Nodira called me after all these years, I’d be shocked. — Bu deyarli kutilmaydi. |
| If I find a cheaper flat, I’ll move. — Qidiryapman, topilishi mumkin. | If I found a flat with a garden in the city centre, I’d move tomorrow. — Bunday kvartira topilishi qiyin. |
| If our team wins on Sunday, we’ll celebrate. — Jamoa kuchli, yutishi mumkin. | If our village team won the national league, it would be a miracle. — Deyarli imkonsiz. |
Shubha bo‘lsa, o‘zingizdan so‘rang: “Men buni rejalashtiryapmanmi yoki orzu qilyapmanmi?” Orzu va maslahatlar uchun second conditional sahifasiga o‘ting.
Will ni noto‘g‘ri joyga qo‘yish: beshta tipik gap
| Noto‘g‘ri | To‘g‘ri | Izoh |
|---|---|---|
| If I will see him, I’ll tell him. | If I see him, I’ll tell him. | if qismida present |
| When she will arrive, we’ll start. | When she arrives, we’ll start. | when dan keyin ham present |
| If you don’t hurry, you miss the bus. | If you don’t hurry, you’ll miss the bus. | natija qismida will tushib qolgan |
| Unless you don’t study, you’ll fail. | Unless you study, you’ll fail. | ikki marta inkor |
| If it rains, we would stay at home. | If it rains, we’ll stay at home. | real kelajakda would emas |
Bitta nozik istisno bor. If dan keyin will “rozilik” yoki muloyim iltimos ma’nosida kelishi mumkin: If you’ll wait here a moment, I’ll get the manager. (Bir daqiqa kutib tursangiz…) Bu kelajak zamoni emas, “xohlasangiz” degan xushmuomalalik. Oddiy shart gaplarda bu istisnoni ishlatmang. Will ning o‘zi haqida to‘liq ma’lumot Future Simple (will) qoidasi sahifasida.
Chorsu bozorida: savdolashuv
Ingliz sayyoh Chorsu bozorida quritilgan meva sotib olyapti. Sotuvchi inglizchani biroz biladi.
Tourist: How much are the dried apricots?
Seller: Eighty thousand a kilo. If you try one, you’ll see — very sweet.
Tourist: They’re good. But if I buy two kilos, will you give me a better price?
Seller: If you take two kilos, I’ll make it seventy-five each.
Tourist: And if I add some walnuts?
Seller: If you add a kilo of walnuts, I’ll give you the apricots for seventy. Last price!
Tourist: Deal. But I’m flying tomorrow. Will they be OK in my suitcase?
Seller: If you keep them in this bag, they’ll be fine. And if your friends like them, come back next year!
Narxlar misol uchun to‘qilgan. Dialogda shart qismlarida har doim present (try, buy, take, add, keep, like), natijada esa will turganiga e’tibor bering.
Mashq: 14 ta gap
A. Qavsdagi fe’llarni qo‘ying.
- 1. If you ______ (not / take) a jacket, you ______ (be) cold in the mountains.
- 2. I ______ (lend) you my notes if you ______ (promise) to return them tomorrow.
- 3. If the shop ______ (be) closed, we ______ (go) to the supermarket instead.
- 4. She ______ (not / pass) the driving test unless she ______ (practise) more.
- 5. As soon as the results ______ (come) out, I ______ (let) you know.
- 6. If it ______ (snow) tonight, the schools ______ (probably / close).
- 7. What ______ you ______ (do) if the flight ______ (be) cancelled?
- 8. Don’t leave until the teacher ______ (say) you can.
B. First yoki second? To‘g‘ri variantni tanlang.
- 9. If I get / got the job next week, I’ll rent a flat near the office.
- 10. If I am / were the president, I would build more parks.
- 11. If you see / saw Rustam at the gym today, give him this key.
C. Xatoni toping va tuzating.
- 12. If you will need help, call me.
- 13. When I will finish university, I want to work abroad.
- 14. If he doesn’t apologise, I don’t speak to him again.
Javoblar
- 1. don’t take … will be (’ll be) — ogohlantirish.
- 2. will lend (’ll lend) … promise — natija qismi boshida, vergul yo‘q.
- 3. is … will go — reja; do‘konning yopiq bo‘lishi real ehtimol.
- 4. won’t pass … practises — unless dan keyin tasdiq shakl va present.
- 5. come … will let — as soon as dan keyin present.
- 6. snows … will probably close — probably odatda will dan keyin keladi.
- 7. will … do … is — kelajakdagi real xavf, shuning uchun first.
- 8. says — until dan keyin present.
- 9. get — natijada ’ll rent, demak real kelajak.
- 10. were — natijada would build: bu xayol, second conditional.
- 11. see — bugun sport zalida ko‘rishingiz mumkin; natijada buyruq.
- 12. If you need help, call me. — if qismida will yo‘q.
- 13. When I finish university, I want to work abroad. — when dan keyin present.
- 14. If he doesn’t apologise, I won’t speak to him again. — bu kelajakdagi qaror, will not kerak.
Qolgan turlar bilan taqqoslash uchun shart gaplar xaritasi sahifasiga qayting.
Va’da va ogohlantirishni gapirib mashq qilish
Yozishda will ni to‘g‘ri joyga qo‘yish oson, tez gapirganda esa u if qismiga sirg‘alib o‘tib ketadi. BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan dam olish rejalari, sayohat va ish haqida suhbatlashasiz: u “Agar ertaga havo yomon bo‘lsa, nima qilasiz?” kabi savollar beradi, siz ovoz chiqarib javob berasiz. Hozir sinab ko‘ring: yaqin haftadagi uchta rejangizni If…, I’ll… va bittasini unless bilan ayting.
BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling
