Third conditional o‘tmishda bo‘lmagan voqeani tasavvur qiladi va uning natijasini aytadi: If I had set an alarm, I wouldn’t have missed the flight. Formula: If + had + V3, would have + V3. Ikkala qism ham o‘tmish haqida, va ikkalasi ham haqiqatga zid: aslida budilnik qo‘yilmagan, reysga kechikilgan.
O‘zbekchada bu -gan bo‘lsa edi / -ganimda, -gan bo‘lardi qolipi: Budilnik qo‘yganimda, reysga kechikmagan bo‘lardim. Afsus, tanqid, yengil nafas va xulosa — bularning hammasi shu tur bilan aytiladi. Endi o‘zgartirib bo‘lmaydigan narsa haqida gapirayotganingizni bildiradi.
Aslida nima bo‘lgan? Har gapda ikkita yashirin fakt
Third conditional’ni to‘g‘ri tushunishning eng yaxshi usuli — gapni “aslida” bilan ochib chiqish. Har bir gap ikkita haqiqiy faktni teskari aylantiradi:
| Third conditional | Aslida (1) | Aslida (2) |
|---|---|---|
| If she had studied, she would have passed. | U o‘qimadi. | U o‘tmadi. |
| If we hadn’t taken the ring road, we wouldn’t have got stuck. | Halqa yo‘lga chiqdik. | Tirbandlikka tushdik. |
| If you had told me, I would have helped. | Siz aytmadingiz. | Men yordam bermadim. |
| If it hadn’t rained, the wedding would have been outside. | Yomg‘ir yog‘di. | To‘y ichkarida bo‘ldi. |
E’tibor bering: tasdiq gap inkor faktni, inkor gap tasdiq faktni yashiradi. Test savollarida aynan shu tekshiriladi: “Qaysi gap haqiqatni to‘g‘ri ifodalaydi?”
Jasurning reysi: bitta xatodan zanjir
Jasur Istanbulga uchishi kerak edi. Voqealar ketma-ketligi:
- U kechasi ikkigacha serial ko‘rdi.
- Ertalab budilnikni eshitmadi.
- Taksi chaqirdi, lekin taksi yigirma daqiqa kechikdi.
- Aeroportga yetganda ro‘yxatdan o‘tish yopilgan edi.
Endi Jasur do‘stiga voqeani aytib, har bir bo‘g‘inni third conditional bilan “qayta yozadi”:
- If I hadn’t watched the series until two, I would have heard the alarm.
- If I had heard the alarm, I wouldn’t have needed a taxi.
- If the taxi had come on time, I would have made it to check-in.
- If check-in had been open, I would have been in Istanbul by lunchtime.
Zanjirdagi har bir gapning natijasi keyingi gapning shartiga aylanadi. Voqeani hikoya qilganda bu usul juda tabiiy eshitiladi. Shart qismidagi had + V3 shakli Past Perfect qoidasi bilan bir xil tuziladi, shuning uchun uchinchi shakllarni bilish shart.
Afsus, tanqid va yengil nafas
Third conditional faqat afsus uchun emas. Ohangi vaziyatga qarab uch xil bo‘ladi:
Afsus — o‘z qarorimizdan:
- If I had saved some money every month, I would have bought a car last year. — Har oy ozgina pul yig‘ganimda, o‘tgan yili mashina olgan bo‘lardim.
Xuddi shu afsusni if siz, bitta gap bilan ham aytish mumkin: I wish I had saved more. Bu qolip wish va if only sahifasida tushuntirilgan.
Tanqid — boshqa odamning qarori haqida:
- If you had checked the address, we wouldn’t have gone to the wrong restaurant. — Manzilni tekshirganingda, noto‘g‘ri restoranga bormagan bo‘lardik.
Yengil nafas — yomon narsa bo‘lmadi:
- If the driver hadn’t braked, he would have hit the child. — Haydovchi tormoz bosmaganida, bolani urib yuborgan bo‘lardi.
- If we had left five minutes later, we would have been in that traffic jam. — Besh daqiqa kechroq chiqqanimizda, o‘sha tirbandlikda qolgan bo‘lardik.
Would have o‘rnida could have va might have
| Natija qismi | Ma’no | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| would have + V3 | aniq natija | If you had asked, I would have come. |
| could have + V3 | imkoniyat bo‘lardi | If I had known about the sale, I could have saved a lot. |
| might have + V3 | ehtimol bo‘lardi | If we had played better, we might have won. |
Might have “balki” ma’nosini beradi: g‘alaba kafolatlanmagan, lekin imkon bor edi.
’d qisqartmasi va talaffuz
Og‘zaki nutqda third conditional deyarli doim qisqaradi: If I’d known, I’d have called you. Bitta gapda ’d ikki marta keladi va ikki xil so‘z: birinchisi had, ikkinchisi would. Farqlash oson: if dan keyingi ’d — had, natija qismidagi — would.
Would have tez aytilganda “wudəv” ga o‘xshab eshitiladi, would’ve deb yoziladi. Shu eshitilish tufayli ona tilida gapiruvchilar ham ba’zan would of deb yozib qo‘yishadi — bu xato, imtihon yoki xatda ishlatmang. Wouldn’t have esa “wudntəv” ga yaqin eshitiladi.
Second yoki third: vaqtga qarang
| Second: hozirgi holat | Third: o‘tmishdagi voqea |
|---|---|
| If I had a car, I would drive you. — Hozir mashinam yo‘q. | If I had had a car last week, I would have driven you. — O‘tgan hafta mashinam yo‘q edi. |
| If she were here, she would help. — U hozir bu yerda emas. | If she had been here yesterday, she would have helped. — Kecha u yo‘q edi. |
| If I knew the answer, I’d tell you. — Hozir bilmayman. | If I had known the answer, I’d have told you. — O‘shanda bilmagan edim. |
O‘zbekcha “bo‘lganida, qilardim” ikkala vaqtga ham to‘g‘ri kelishi mumkin, shuning uchun gapdagi vaqt so‘zini qidiring: yesterday, last week, in 2020, at school — third. Sabab o‘tmishda-yu, natija hozir ko‘rinsa, mixed conditionals kerak.
Had va would have o‘rnini chalkashtirish xatolari
| Noto‘g‘ri | To‘g‘ri | Izoh |
|---|---|---|
| If I would have known, I would have come. | If I had known, I would have come. | if qismida would yo‘q |
| If I had known, I would come. | If I had known, I would have come. | natija ham o‘tmishda |
| If you had went there, you would have seen him. | If you had gone there, you would have seen him. | V3 kerak: gone |
| If he hadn’t been late, he would have catch the bus. | If he hadn’t been late, he would have caught the bus. | would have dan keyin V3 |
| If I knew yesterday, I would have told you. | If I had known yesterday, I would have told you. | o‘tmish shartiga had |
| I would of called you. | I would have (would’ve) called you. | of emas, have |
Noto‘g‘ri fe’llarning uchinchi shakli adashsa, gap buziladi. Go — went — gone, catch — caught — caught, take — took — taken kabi juftliklarni takrorlab turing.
Imtihondan keyin: qisqa suhbat
Ikki kursdosh — Kamola va Otabek — milliy sertifikat natijasini ko‘rgandan keyin gaplashyapti.
Kamola: So? How did it go?
Otabek: Not great. I got a B1. If I had practised speaking more, I would have got a B2.
Kamola: You were ill the week before, weren’t you?
Otabek: Yes. If I hadn’t caught that cold, I would have done the mock test.
Kamola: Well, if you had asked me, I would have practised with you on the phone.
Otabek: I know. I should have asked. And if I hadn’t panicked in the speaking part, I might have finished the answer.
Kamola: Next time you’ll be ready. At least now you know what the test is like.
Suhbatda afsus (If I had practised), yengil tanbeh (if you had asked me) va might have bilan ehtimol birga keladi. Milliy sertifikat darajalari va qoidalari haqida faqat rasmiy sayt ma’lumotiga tayaning.
Mashq: 15 ta gap
A. Qavsdagi fe’llarni third conditional shaklida yozing.
- 1. If you ______ (tell) me about the party, I ______ (come).
- 2. We ______ (not / get) lost if we ______ (use) the map.
- 3. If she ______ (not / leave) her bag on the bus, she ______ (not / lose) her passport.
- 4. If it ______ (not / snow), the flight ______ (leave) on time.
- 5. He ______ (might / win) the race if he ______ (not / fall).
- 6. If I ______ (know) you were vegetarian, I ______ (not / cook) meat.
- 7. If they ______ (book) earlier, they ______ (could / get) cheaper tickets.
- 8. What ______ you ______ (do) if the bank ______ (refuse) your loan?
B. Gapni third conditional bilan qayta yozing.
- 9. I didn’t take an umbrella, so I got wet.
- 10. The shop was closed, so we didn’t buy bread.
- 11. You didn’t call me, so I didn’t know about the change.
- 12. He drove too fast, so the police stopped him.
C. Second yoki third?
- 13. If I had / had had more time yesterday, I would have finished the report.
- 14. If I were / had been taller, I would play basketball.
- 15. If you listened / had listened to me last year, you wouldn’t have bought that car.
Javoblar
- 1. had told … would have come
- 2. wouldn’t have got (gotten) … had used
- 3. hadn’t left … wouldn’t have lost
- 4. hadn’t snowed … would have left
- 5. might have won … hadn’t fallen — might have ehtimolni bildiradi.
- 6. had known … wouldn’t have cooked
- 7. had booked … could have got — imkoniyat.
- 8. would … have done … had refused — o‘tmishdagi gipotetik savol.
- 9. If I had taken an umbrella, I wouldn’t have got wet. — ikkala fakt teskari aylandi.
- 10. If the shop hadn’t been closed, we would have bought bread.
- 11. If you had called me, I would have known about the change.
- 12. If he hadn’t driven so fast, the police wouldn’t have stopped him.
- 13. had had — yesterday va would have finished: third. Ikki had ketma-ket kelishi to‘g‘ri.
- 14. were — bo‘y hozir ham past, natija would play: second.
- 15. had listened — last year, natija wouldn’t have bought.
O‘tmishdagi tanlovlar haqida gapirib ko‘ring
Third conditional hikoya aytganda kuchini ko‘rsatadi: xato, kechikish yoki omadli tasodif haqida gapirganda. IELTS Speaking’da xato yoki qiyin qaror haqidagi savollarga shunday javoblar mos keladi — tayyorgarlik uchun Describe a mistake sahifasini ko‘ring. BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan o‘tgan voqealar haqida suhbatlashasiz, siz ovoz chiqarib aytasiz va had yoki have tushib qolgan joylar ko‘rsatiladi. Sinab ko‘ring: yaqinda bo‘lgan bitta kichik muvaffaqiyatsizlikni Jasurning zanjiri kabi uchta third conditional bilan aytib bering.
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