Mixed conditionals: o‘tmish sababi, hozirgi natija va aksincha

Mixed conditionals — shart va natija turli vaqtda bo‘lgan noreal gaplar. Eng ko‘p ishlatiladigani: o‘tmishdagi sabab → hozirgi natija: If I had taken that job in Tashkent, I would live there now. Shart third conditional’dan (had + V3), natija second conditional’dan (would + V1) olinadi.

Ikkinchi, kamroq uchraydigan tur — doimiy holat → o‘tmishdagi voqea: If I weren’t so shy, I would have spoken to her at the party. Men tabiatan uyatchanman (hozir ham), shuning uchun o‘tgan kuni gapira olmadim. Formulalarni yodlashdan oldin bitta narsani ushlang: har bir qism o‘z vaqtiga qarab shakl oladi.

Ikki tur bitta jadvalda

Birinchi misolda uyqu kecha bo‘lgan, charchoq esa hozir. Ikkinchi misolda turkcha bilmaslik — doimiy holat, taksi haydovchisi bilan suhbat esa o‘tmishda bo‘lgan. Oddiy third conditional va second conditional qoidalarini bilsangiz, mixed yangi grammatika emas — faqat ikki bo‘lakni boshqacha ulash.

1-tur: kechagi qaror, bugungi holat

Hayotdagi katta qarorlar — o‘qish, kasb, ko‘chish — haqida gapirganda aynan shu tur kerak bo‘ladi. Sabab bir marta o‘tmishda bo‘lgan, natija esa bugun ham davom etyapti.

• If I had chosen medicine, I would be a doctor now. — Tibbiyotni tanlaganimda, hozir shifokor bo‘lardim.
• If she hadn’t moved to Andijan, she wouldn’t know her husband. — Andijonga ko‘chmaganida, eri bilan tanish bo‘lmasdi.
• If we had bought that flat in 2019, we would have our own place today. — O‘sha kvartirani 2019-yilda olganimizda, bugun o‘z uyimiz bo‘lardi.
• If you had listened to the instructions, you wouldn’t be confused now. — Yo‘riqnomani tinglaganingizda, hozir chalkashmasdingiz.
• If he hadn’t lost his passport, he would be in Dubai right now. — Pasportini yo‘qotmaganida, hozir Dubayda bo‘lardi.

Natija qismida ko‘pincha now, today, still, right now, these days kabi so‘zlar turadi. Ular bo‘lmasa ham, ma’no hozirgi holat haqida ekanini kontekst ko‘rsatadi.

2-tur: doimiy xususiyat, o‘tgan voqea

Bu yerda shart qismida odamning xarakteri, kasbi, bilimi yoki doimiy vaziyat turadi. Natija — o‘tmishda bo‘lgan (yoki bo‘lmagan) aniq voqea.

• If I were more organised, I wouldn’t have forgotten the meeting yesterday. — Tartibliroq bo‘lganimda, kechagi majlisni unutmagan bo‘lardim.
• If Aziz didn’t live so far away, he would have come to the party. — Aziz uzoqda yashamaganida, ziyofatga kelgan bo‘lardi.
• If she weren’t allergic to cats, she would have kept the kitten. — Mushukka allergiyasi bo‘lmaganida, mushukchani olib qolgan bo‘lardi.
• If I knew how to swim, I would have jumped into the lake with you. — Suzishni bilganimda, siz bilan ko‘lga sakragan bo‘lardim.

Shart qismidagi Past Simple o‘tmish haqida emas: If I were more organised “hozir ham tartibsizman” degani.

Vaqt so‘zlari bilan to‘g‘ri turni tanlash

Gap tuzishdan oldin ikkala qismga alohida savol bering: “bu qachon?”

Mashq qilish uchun bitta vaziyatni to‘rt xil aylantiring. Masalan, Lola maktabda nemis tilini tanlagan, ingliz tilini emas:

• If Lola had chosen English at school, she would have passed the English test last month. — third
• If Lola had chosen English at school, she would understand this film now. — mixed, 1-tur
• If Lola spoke English, she would understand this film. — second
• If Lola spoke English, she would have understood the film we watched yesterday. — mixed, 2-tur

O‘zbekchada: “-ganimda edi, hozir -ardim”

O‘zbek tilida aralash vaqt juda tabiiy: O‘shanda ko‘proq o‘qiganimda, hozir yaxshiroq ishda ishlardim. Shart qismi “-ganimda”, natija “-ardim”. Qiyinchilik boshqa joyda: o‘zbekcha shart qismi hozir va o‘tmishni bir xil ko‘rsatishi mumkin (“ingliz tilini bilganimda”). Tarjima qilishdan oldin aniqlang: bu bilim hozir ham yo‘qmi (If I knew) yoki gap o‘tmishdagi bir voqea haqidami (If I had known)?

IELTS Speaking’da mixed conditional qayerga tushadi

IELTS Speaking to‘rt mezon bilan baholanadi, ulardan biri — Grammatical Range and Accuracy, ya’ni turli grammatik tuzilmalarni to‘g‘ri ishlatish. Mixed conditional murakkab tuzilma, lekin uni sun’iy tiqishtirish shart emas: u o‘tmishdagi qaror yoki hayot yo‘li haqidagi savollarga o‘zi mos keladi. Baholash mezonlari qanday ishlashini IELTS Speaking’da grammatika qanday baholanadi sahifasida o‘qing.

Quyidagi javoblar mashq uchun yozilgan namunalar, rasmiy savol emas:

Savol: Describe a decision that changed your life.

Namuna javob qismi: …Looking back, it was the right choice. If I hadn’t switched to computer science in my second year, I would still be studying economics, which I never enjoyed. And honestly, if I were a more cautious person, I would never have made that switch.

Savol: Do you think people should choose a job for money or interest?

Namuna javob qismi: My father chose a job for money. He often says that if he had followed his interest, he would be a music teacher now, and probably a happier man.

Qaror haqidagi Part 2 kartochkasi uchun to‘liq reja Describe a difficult decision sahifasida.

Aralash gapdagi vaqt xatolari

Uchrashuvda: qisqa suhbat

Sobiq sinfdoshlar — Shahzod va Madina — o‘n yildan keyin ko‘rishdi.

Madina: You work in a bank now? I always thought you’d become a footballer!

Shahzod: Me too. If I hadn’t broken my leg in the tenth grade, I’d probably be playing for a club now.

Madina: That’s sad. But you look happy.

Shahzod: I am. And if I weren’t so stubborn, I would have given up after the injury. Instead I studied hard and got into university.

Madina: And I’m a teacher. If I had listened to my parents, I would be a lawyer now.

Shahzod: Do you regret it?

Madina: Not at all. If I didn’t love children, I would have quit years ago.

Mashq: 12 ta gap

A. Qavsdagi fe’llarni qo‘ying. Vaqt so‘zlariga e’tibor bering.

• 1. If I ______ (not / eat) so much at dinner, I ______ (not / feel) sick now.
• 2. If she ______ (be) more patient, she ______ (not / shout) at the waiter yesterday.
• 3. If we ______ (leave) on time, we ______ (be) at the airport now.
• 4. If he ______ (not / be) afraid of heights, he ______ (climb) the tower with us last summer.
• 5. If I ______ (learn) to drive at school, I ______ (not / need) taxis every day.
• 6. If you ______ (know) me better, you ______ (not / say) that at the meeting.
• 7. If they ______ (not / sell) the house, they ______ (still / live) in Chilonzor.
• 8. If I ______ (be) a morning person, I ______ (not / miss) the first lesson last week.

B. Third, second yoki mixed? Faqat turini yozing.

• 9. If I had known about the concert, I would have bought tickets.
• 10. If I had saved more, I wouldn’t be worried about money now.
• 11. If I lived in the city centre, I would walk to work.
• 12. If I weren’t so forgetful, I would have remembered your birthday.

Javoblar

• 1. hadn’t eaten … wouldn’t feel — kechki ovqat o‘tmishda, ko‘ngil aynishi hozir (1-tur).
• 2. were (was) … wouldn’t have shouted — sabrsizlik doimiy, baqirish kecha (2-tur).
• 3. had left … would be — kechikish o‘tmishda, now (1-tur).
• 4. weren’t (wasn’t) … would have climbed — qo‘rquv doimiy, voqea o‘tgan yozda (2-tur).
• 5. had learned … wouldn’t need — every day hozirgi odat (1-tur).
• 6. knew … wouldn’t have said — tanishlik hozir ham kam, gap majlisda aytilgan (2-tur).
• 7. hadn’t sold … would still live — still hozirgi holat (1-tur).
• 8. were … wouldn’t have missed — xarakter doimiy, dars o‘tgan hafta (2-tur).
• 9. third — ikkala qism o‘tmish.
• 10. mixed (1-tur) — o‘tmish sabab, now.
• 11. second — ikkala qism hozir.
• 12. mixed (2-tur) — doimiy xususiyat, o‘tgan voqea.

Hayot yo‘lingiz haqida Bandi bilan gaplashing

Mixed conditional’ni o‘rganishning eng yaxshi usuli — o‘z hayotingizga qo‘llash: tanlagan maktabingiz, kasbingiz, ko‘chgan shahringiz. BandMate ilovasida Bandi siz bilan o‘tmishdagi qarorlar va hozirgi hayotingiz haqida suhbatlashadi, siz ovoz chiqarib javob berasiz va vaqtlar chalkashgan gaplarni ko‘rasiz. Fikr-mulohaza mashq uchun, rasmiy IELTS bahosi emas. Hozir sinab ko‘ring: “If I hadn’t…, I wouldn’t… now” qolipida o‘zingiz haqingizda ikkita rost gap ayting.

Manbalar

• British Council LearnEnglish: Conditionals — third and mixed
• IELTS.org: Speaking test format va baholash mezonlari

BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling