Second conditional hozirgi haqiqatga zid yoki bo‘lishi juda qiyin vaziyatni tasavvur qiladi: If I lived in Samarkand, I’d walk to the Registan every evening. Formula: If + Past Simple, would + V1. Fe’l o‘tgan zamonda, lekin gap o‘tmish haqida emas — hozir yoki kelajak haqida. Aslida men Samarqandda yashamayman.
O‘zbekchada bu -sa edi / -ganda edi, -ardim qolipi: Samarqandda yashasam edi, har kuni kechqurun Registonga borardim. Maslahat berishning eng mashhur qolipi ham shu tur: If I were you, I’d apply. — Men sizning o‘rningizda bo‘lsam, hujjat topshirardim.
O‘tgan zamon shakli, hozirgi ma’no
Nega hozir haqida gapirganda o‘tgan zamon ishlatiladi? Ingliz tilida fe’lni bir qadam orqaga surish “bu haqiqatdan uzoq” degan signal beradi. Vaqtdagi masofa haqiqatdan masofaga aylanadi:
| Haqiqat | Second conditional | Tarjima |
|---|---|---|
| I don’t have a car. | If I had a car, I would drive you home. | Mashinam bo‘lsa edi, sizni uyga olib borardim. |
| She doesn’t speak Korean. | If she spoke Korean, she would work in Seoul. | Koreyscha bilganida, Seulda ishlardi. |
| The metro doesn’t run at night. | If the metro ran all night, I wouldn’t need taxis. | Metro tun bo‘yi yursa edi, taksiga ehtiyoj qolmasdi. |
| I can’t cook well. | If I could cook well, I’d invite you for dinner. | Yaxshi ovqat pishira olsam edi, sizni kechki ovqatga chaqirardim. |
Chap ustunga qarang: har bir second conditional ortida teskari haqiqat yashiringan. Gapni tekshirishning eng oson yo‘li — shu haqiqatni topish. Topilsa, tur to‘g‘ri tanlangan.
If I were you: maslahatning tayyor qolipi
Second conditional’da be fe’li hamma shaxsda were bo‘lishi mumkin: If I were, if he were, if it were. Jonli nutqda If I was ham eshitiladi va xato hisoblanmaydi, lekin If I were you qotib qolgan ibora — uni shu shaklda yodlang. Was va were ning umumiy farqi was va were farqi sahifasida.
- If I were you, I’d talk to your manager first. — Men sizning o‘rningizda bo‘lsam, avval rahbaringiz bilan gaplashardim.
- I wouldn’t buy that phone if I were you. The battery is terrible. — Men bo‘lganimda, u telefonni olmasdim.
- If I were in your shoes, I’d take the offer. — Sizning holatingizda bo‘lsam, taklifni qabul qilardim.
Bu qolip You should… dan yumshoqroq eshitiladi, chunki siz buyruq bermaysiz — o‘zingizni u odamning o‘rniga qo‘yasiz. Ish joyida va kattalarga maslahat berganda juda qo‘l keladi.
Orzular va “What would you do if…?” savollari
Suhbatlarda va IELTS Speaking’ning uchinchi qismida gipotetik savollar tez-tez uchraydi. Bunday savolga javob ham second conditional’da bo‘ladi:
- What would you do if you had a year off? — If I had a year off, I’d travel around Central Asia by train.
- Where would you live if you could choose any city? — If I could live anywhere, I’d choose a small town by the sea.
- What would happen if everyone worked from home? — If everyone worked from home, the roads would be much emptier.
Javobda would ni bir marta aytib, keyin qisqa ’d bilan davom etish tabiiy: I’d rent a small flat, I’d learn to surf, and I’d probably never come back.
Could va might: would dan boshqa variantlar
| So‘z | Ma’no | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| would | aniq natija | If I had more time, I would read more. |
| could (natijada) | imkoniyat paydo bo‘lardi | If I had a car, I could visit my grandparents every weekend. |
| might | ehtimoliy natija | If you asked her nicely, she might agree. |
| could (if qismida) | “... qila olsam” | If I could fly, I’d never use the metro again. |
Would ning boshqa vazifalari — o‘tmishdagi odat, muloyim iltimos — would qachon ishlatiladi sahifasida.
First yoki second: shart bir xil, munosabat boshqa
| First: bo‘lishi mumkin | Second: kam ehtimol yoki zid |
|---|---|
| If I pass the interview, I’ll move to Tashkent. — Suhbatga borayapman, o‘tishim mumkin. | If I passed the interview, I’d move to Tashkent. — O‘tishimga ishonchim kam. |
| If it’s warm tomorrow, we’ll go to Charvak. — Ob-havo ruxsat berishi mumkin. | If it were warm in January, we’d go swimming. — Yanvarda iliq bo‘lmaydi. |
| If you come to my birthday, I’ll be happy. — Kelishingiz real. | If you came to my birthday, I’d be surprised. — Kelishingizni kutmayman. |
Bir xil gapni ikkala turda aytish mumkin — faqat nimaga ishonishingizga qarab. Real kelajak uchun qoidalarni first conditional sahifasida takrorlang.
Would ni if qismiga qo‘yish va boshqa uchta xato
| Noto‘g‘ri | To‘g‘ri | Nima bo‘ldi |
|---|---|---|
| If I would have a car, I would drive. | If I had a car, I would drive. | if qismida would yo‘q |
| If I had more money, I will buy a house. | If I had more money, I would buy a house. | past bilan will mos kelmaydi |
| If I am you, I would call her. | If I were you, I would call her. | maslahat qolipi were bilan |
| If she knows the answer, she would tell us. (u javobni bilmaydi) | If she knew the answer, she would tell us. | xayol uchun past |
| If I had a car yesterday, I would drive you. | If I had had a car yesterday, I would have driven you. | kecha haqida — third conditional |
Oxirgi xato o‘zbekchadan keladi: “Mashinam bo‘lganida, olib borardim” gapi hozir haqida ham, kecha haqida ham ishlatiladi. Inglizchada kecha bo‘lsa, third conditional kerak. Afsusni if siz aytish usuli — I wish I had a car — wish va if only sahifasida.
Ish taklifi haqida: qisqa suhbat
Dilshod Samarqandda ishlaydi. Unga Toshkentdagi IT kompaniyadan taklif keldi. U opasi Gulnoza bilan maslahatlashyapti.
Dilshod: They offered me a job in Tashkent. The salary is higher, but I’m not sure.
Gulnoza: What’s stopping you?
Dilshod: If I moved, I’d have to rent a flat. And I wouldn’t see Mum every day.
Gulnoza: True. But if you stayed here, would you be happy in five years?
Dilshod: Probably not. If I had more experience, I’d ask for a remote contract.
Gulnoza: Honestly, if I were you, I’d ask anyway. The worst they can say is no.
Dilshod: And if they said no?
Gulnoza: Then you’d decide. But you wouldn’t spend the next year thinking “what if”.
Dilshod ko‘chmaganligi uchun hamma gap xayoliy: moved, stayed, had, said — past, natijada esa would.
Mashq: 14 ta gap
A. Qavsdagi fe’llarni second conditional shaklida yozing.
- 1. If I ______ (know) her address, I ______ (send) her a card.
- 2. If we ______ (not / have) so much homework, we ______ (go) to the cinema.
- 3. She ______ (be) healthier if she ______ (not / eat) so much fast food.
- 4. If I ______ (be) you, I ______ (not / lend) him any more money.
- 5. What ______ you ______ (buy) if you ______ (win) a car in a lottery?
- 6. If my brother ______ (live) nearer, he ______ (help) us more.
- 7. If you ______ (can) speak any language, which one ______ you ______ (choose)?
- 8. They ______ (might / come) if you ______ (invite) them personally.
B. First yoki second?
- 9. If I have / had time after work today, I’ll call you.
- 10. If dogs can / could talk, what would they say?
- 11. If I find / found my keys, I’ll open the garage.
C. Tarjima qiling.
- 12. Uyim kattaroq bo‘lsa edi, hamma qarindoshlarni chaqirardim.
- 13. Men sizning o‘rningizda bo‘lsam, shifokorga borardim.
- 14. Ingliz tilini yaxshi bilganimda, xorijda o‘qirdim.
Javoblar
- 1. knew … would send — manzilni bilmayman.
- 2. didn’t have … would go — aslida uy vazifasi ko‘p.
- 3. would be … didn’t eat — uning hozirgi odati haqida.
- 4. were … wouldn’t lend — maslahat qolipi.
- 5. would … buy … won — gipotetik savol.
- 6. lived … would help — akam uzoqda yashaydi.
- 7. could … would … choose — can ning past shakli could.
- 8. might come … invited — might ehtimol bildiradi.
- 9. have — natijada ’ll call, bugungi real reja.
- 10. could — itlar gapira olmaydi, bu xayol.
- 11. find — kalitni topishim mumkin, natijada will.
- 12. If my house were (was) bigger, I would invite all my relatives.
- 13. If I were you, I would see a doctor.
- 14. If I knew English well, I would study abroad. — hozirgi holat haqida; agar gap o‘tgan yillar haqida bo‘lsa, third conditional kerak.
Gipotetik savollarga Bandi bilan javob berish
Second conditional ko‘proq yozuvda emas, suhbatda tekshiriladi: “Agar ... bo‘lsa, nima qilardingiz?” degan savolga bir zumda would bilan javob berish kerak. BandMate ilovasida Bandi sizga shunday savollar beradi, siz ovoz chiqarib javob berasiz va will bilan would chalkashgan joylarni ko‘rasiz. Hozir sinab ko‘ring: “If I had a free month…” deb boshlab, uch gapdan iborat javob ayting.
BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling
