Was va were — be fe’lining o‘tgan zamon shakllari, o‘zbekcha “edi”. Farq faqat egada: I, he, she, it va birlikdagi ot bilan was; you, we, they va ko‘plikdagi ot bilan were. I was at home. My parents were at work.
Bitta istisno bor: if bilan orzu yoki xayoliy shart aytilganda, har qanday ega bilan were ishlatish mumkin: If I were you, I’d take the job. Qolgan hamma joyda yuqoridagi oddiy qoida ishlaydi.
Shaxs bo‘yicha jadval
| Ega | Shakl | Misol | O‘zbekcha |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | was | I was nervous before the exam. | Imtihon oldidan hayajonda edim. |
| you (sen/siz) | were | You were right about the weather. | Ob-havo haqida haq edingiz. |
| he / she / it | was | It was a long day. | Uzun kun bo‘ldi. |
| we | were | We were in Namangan last week. | O‘tgan hafta Namanganda edik. |
| they | were | They were very kind to us. | Ular bizga juda mehribon edi. |
| birlikdagi ot | was | The shop was closed. | Do‘kon yopiq edi. |
| ko‘plikdagi ot | were | The tickets were expensive. | Chiptalar qimmat edi. |
Eslab qolish usuli: you doim were bilan keladi, hatto bitta odamga murojaat qilsangiz ham. You was — ingliz tilining ba’zi mahalliy shevalarida eshitiladi, lekin adabiy tilda va imtihonda xato.
Hozirgi zamon bilan solishtirsangiz, mantiq bir xil: am va is → was, are → were. Hozirgi shakllar va be ning barcha vazifalari to be fe’li: am, is, are sahifasida.
Inkor, so‘roq va “Yes, I was” javobi
Was/were o‘z-o‘zidan inkor va so‘roq yasaydi, did kerak emas. Bu be ni boshqa fe’llardan ajratib turadigan eng muhim qoida.
| Gap turi | Qolip | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| Inkor | was not (wasn’t) / were not (weren’t) | The lift wasn’t working. / We weren’t ready. |
| So‘roq | Was/Were + ega …? | Was the lesson difficult? / Were you at the wedding? |
| Maxsus savol | So‘roq so‘zi + was/were + ega? | Where were you on Saturday? / Why was she upset? |
| Ha/yo‘q javobi | Yes, I was. / No, they weren’t. | Was it cold in Chimgan? — Yes, it was. |
Ikki holatda so‘roq so‘zi o‘zi ega bo‘ladi, unda tartib o‘zgarmaydi: Who was at the door? What was wrong with the car? Bu yerda who va what birlik sifatida ko‘riladi, shuning uchun was.
There was va there were
“…bor edi” deyish uchun there was / there were ishlatiladi. Shakl undan keyingi otga qarab tanlanadi:
- There was a long queue at the bank. — Bankda uzun navbat bor edi.
- There were forty students in our group. — Guruhimizda qirq talaba bor edi.
- There wasn’t any bread at home. — Uyda umuman non yo‘q edi.
- Were there any messages for me? — Menga xabarlar bormidi?
Sanab bo‘lmaydigan otlar (water, money, traffic, information) doim was bilan: There was a lot of traffic on Amir Temur street. Ammo a lot of dan keyin ko‘plikdagi ot kelsa, were: There were a lot of people at the concert. Ro‘yxat bo‘lsa, birinchi otga qaraladi: There was a sofa and two chairs in the room. Hozirgi zamondagi shakllari there is va there are sahifasida.
Was born: “tug‘ilganman” qanday aytiladi
O‘zbekcha “tug‘ildim/tug‘ilganman” faol fe’lga o‘xshaydi, inglizchada esa bu majhul nisbat: be + born. Shuning uchun was/were shart:
- I was born in Andijan in 2006. — Andijonda 2006-yilda tug‘ilganman.
- My twin sisters were born in March. — Egizak singillarim martda tug‘ilgan.
- Where were you born? — Qayerda tug‘ilgansiz?
I born in Andijan va I am born in 2006 — ikkalasi ham xato. Hayotda bir marta bo‘lgan voqea, doim o‘tgan zamon.
If I were: xayoliy shartdagi were
Hozirgi yoki kelajakdagi xayoliy vaziyat haqida gapirganda if dan keyin o‘tgan zamon shakli keladi. Be uchun an’anaviy shakl — hamma shaxsda were:
- If I were taller, I’d play basketball. — Bo‘yim uzunroq bo‘lganida, basketbol o‘ynardim.
- If she were here, she’d know what to do. — U shu yerda bo‘lganida, nima qilishni bilardi.
- I wish it were Friday. — Qani endi juma bo‘lsa.
Kundalik nutqda If I was taller, I wish it was Friday ham ko‘p eshitiladi va xato hisoblanmaydi. Lekin ikkita holatda faqat were ishlating: tayyor ibora If I were you (maslahat) va rasmiy yozuv, masalan IELTS Writing insholari. Bu mavzu to‘liq second conditional sahifasida tushuntirilgan.
Was/were yordamchi fe’l sifatida
Was/were faqat “edi” emas. U ikkita keng tarqalgan qolipning qismi:
| Qolip | Misol | Ma’no |
|---|---|---|
| was/were + V-ing | We were playing chess when the lights went out. | Past Continuous: davom etayotgan edi |
| was/were + V3 | The bridge was built in 1970. | Majhul nisbat: qurilgan |
| was/were going to | I was going to call you. | Niyat qilgan edim |
Birinchi qolip haqida Past Continuous qoidasi sahifasida o‘qing. Qaysi qolip bo‘lmasin, was/were tanlash qoidasi o‘zgarmaydi: ega birlikmi yoki ko‘plikmi.
“Edi” tuzog‘i: was/were bilan olti xato
| Noto‘g‘ri | To‘g‘ri | Nega |
|---|---|---|
| Did you be at home yesterday? | Were you at home yesterday? | be ga did kerak emas |
| Everybody were happy. | Everybody was happy. | everybody grammatik jihatdan birlik |
| The news were shocking. | The news was shocking. | news — sanalmaydigan, birlik |
| My glasses was broken. | My glasses were broken. | glasses, trousers, jeans — ko‘plik |
| There was many cars. | There were many cars. | keyingi ot ko‘plikda |
| I was work in a bank. | I worked in a bank. | “ishlardim” — oddiy o‘tgan zamon |
Oxirgi xato o‘zbekcha “ishlar edim” shaklidan keladi: “edi” ko‘rib was qo‘yiladi. Oddiy fe’lning o‘tgan zamoni was siz yasaladi: worked, lived, studied. Ular Past Simple qoidasida.
Rus tilida o‘qiganlar uchun alohida tuzoq: был/была/были rodga qarab o‘zgaradi, inglizchada esa jins ahamiyatsiz, faqat son muhim. She was va he was bir xil.
Jamoa otlari: family, team, police bilan britaniyaliklar ko‘pincha were deydi (My family were very supportive), amerikaliklar was. Police esa har doim ko‘plik: The police were already there.
Qisqa suhbat: “Kecha qayerda eding?”
Aziza: Where were you yesterday? You weren’t at the lecture.
Bobur: I was at the hospital with my grandmother. She wasn’t feeling well.
Aziza: Oh no. Was it serious?
Bobur: No, it wasn’t, thank God. The doctors were very helpful. Were there any announcements in class?
Aziza: Yes, there were two. The exam date was changed, and the essay deadline was moved to Friday.
Mashq: 15 ta gap
A. was yoki were?
- 1. My keys ______ in my jacket all the time.
- 2. ______ you tired after the trip?
- 3. The film ______ too long.
- 4. Dilshod and his wife ______ at the airport at six.
- 5. There ______ a lot of snow in Tashkent last January.
- 6. There ______ three missed calls on my phone.
- 7. Nobody ______ at home when I arrived.
- 8. If I ______ you, I’d apologise.
B. Inkor yoki so‘roq qiling.
- 9. The questions were easy. (inkor)
- 10. She was born in Samarkand. (so‘roq)
- 11. There was a problem with the payment. (so‘roq)
C. Xatoni toping va tuzating.
- 12. Did she be angry?
- 13. My trousers was too short.
- 14. I born in 2008.
- 15. We was so happy to see you.
Javoblar
1 — were; 2 — Were; 3 — was; 4 — were; 5 — was; 6 — were; 7 — was; 8 — were.
9 — The questions weren’t easy. 10 — Was she born in Samarkand? 11 — Was there a problem with the payment?
12 — Was she angry? 13 — My trousers were too short. 14 — I was born in 2008. 15 — We were so happy to see you.
Izohlar:
- 1-gap: keys — ko‘plik, shuning uchun were, garchi o‘zbekcha “kalitlarim” deganda buni sezmaysiz.
- 5-gap: snow sanalmaydi, a lot of ga qaramay was.
- 7-gap: nobody xuddi everybody kabi birlik.
- 8-gap: If I was you ham eshitiladi, lekin maslahatning tayyor iborasi — If I were you.
- 14-gap: born dan oldin be shart: was born.
Keyingi qadam — was/were ni boshqa o‘tgan zamon fe’llari bilan aralash ishlatish. Buni Past Simple mashqlari sahifasida sinab ko‘ring.
Bandi bilan “Where were you…?” savollariga javob berish
BandMate ilovasida Bandi o‘tgan hafta, bolalik yoki sayohat haqida so‘raydi: Where were you born? What was your first school like? Were you a quiet child? Siz ovoz chiqarib javob berasiz, was/were va boshqa xatolaringiz ko‘rsatiladi. Bugungi vazifa: bolaligingizdagi uyingizni besh gap bilan tasvirlang, kamida ikkitasida there was yoki there were bo‘lsin.
BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling
