Maxsus so‘roq gap (wh-question) ha yoki yo‘q javobini emas, aniq ma’lumotni so‘raydi: joy, vaqt, sabab, odam. Uning formulasi: Savol so‘zi + yordamchi fe’l + ega + asosiy fe’l + … Where do you work? When did she arrive? Why are they laughing?
Savol so‘zi har doim gap boshida turadi, yordamchi fe’l esa egadan oldin. Yordamchi fe’l zamonga qarab tanlanadi: do/does/did, am/is/are, have/has, will, can.
Bu sahifa savolni javobdan qurish usulini, har zamon uchun jadvalni va savol so‘zlarining nozik farqlarini beradi. Savol turlarining umumiy xaritasi (yes/no, modal, bilvosita) esa ingliz tilida savol tuzish sahifasida.
O‘zbekchada savol so‘zi joyida qoladi
O‘zbekchada savol so‘zi javob turadigan joyga qo‘yiladi, tartib o‘zgarmaydi:
- Aziz Chilonzorda yashaydi. → Aziz qayerda yashaydi?
Inglizchada savol so‘zi gap boshiga ko‘chadi. U bilan birga yordamchi fe’l ham egadan oldinga chiqadi:
- Aziz lives in Chilonzor. → Where does Aziz live?
Rus tilida Где живёт Азиз? da yordamchi fe’l yo‘q. Shuning uchun ruscha o‘qigan o‘quvchilar ko‘pincha Where Aziz lives? deydi. Bu gap tushunarli, lekin grammatik jihatdan xato.
Javobdan savolga: to‘rt qadam
Mashqlarda ko‘p uchraydigan “ajratilgan so‘zga savol bering” topshirig‘ini shu tartibda bajaring.
Gap: My sister studies medicine in Samarkand.
- 1-qadam. Javobni olib tashlang va savol so‘zini tanlang. medicine — narsa, demak What.
- 2-qadam. Yordamchi fe’lni toping. Studies — Present Simple, she. Yordamchi fe’l ko‘rinmaydi, demak does.
- 3-qadam. Yordamchini egadan oldinga qo‘ying. What does my sister…
- 4-qadam. Asosiy fe’lni V1 ga qaytaring va qolganini qo‘shing. What does your sister study in Samarkand?
Oxirgi qadamda studies → study bo‘ldi, chunki -s endi does ning ichida. my esa your ga o‘zgardi: savolni suhbatdoshga beryapsiz.
Bitta savol, har xil zamon
Savol so‘zi bir xil qoladi, yordamchi fe’l zamonga qarab o‘zgaradi.
| Zamon | Darak gap | Maxsus so‘roq gap |
|---|---|---|
| Present Simple | He starts work at 9. | What time does he start work? |
| Past Simple | They moved in 2020. | When did they move? |
| to be | The keys are in the car. | Where are the keys? |
| Present Continuous | She is crying because… | Why is she crying? |
| Past Continuous | I was reading a book. | What were you reading? |
| Present Perfect | We have lived here for 5 years. | How long have you lived here? |
| Future (will) | The results will come on Monday. | When will the results come? |
| Going to | I’m going to wear the blue dress. | Which dress are you going to wear? |
| Modal | You can park behind the building. | Where can I park? |
| Passive | The bridge was built in 1950. | When was the bridge built? |
Savol so‘zlarining nozik farqlari
Barcha savol so‘zlari va ularning tarjimasi so‘roq so‘zlari sahifasida jadval shaklida berilgan. Bu yerda faqat gap tuzishda adashtiradigan joylarni ko‘ramiz.
What yoki which. What — tanlov cheklanmaganda, which — tanlov ko‘z oldida turganda:
- What sport do you like? — har qanday sport bo‘lishi mumkin.
- Which bus goes to Chorsu, the 12 or the 38? — ikki variant bor.
What + ot, which + ot, whose + ot. Savol so‘zi otni o‘zi bilan olib keladi, ular ajralmaydi:
- What time does the bank open? (What does the bank open time? emas.)
- Whose phone is ringing? — Kimning telefoni jiringlayapti?
- What kind of music do you listen to?
How + sifat yoki ravish. How bitta so‘z bilan birikib, yangi savol yasaydi:
| Savol | Nimani so‘raydi | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| How old | yosh | How old is your son? |
| How far | masofa | How far is the airport from here? |
| How long | davomiylik (vaqt) | How long does the flight take? |
| How often | qanchalik tez-tez | How often do you visit your parents? |
| How much | narx, sanalmaydigan miqdor | How much sugar do you take? |
| How many | sanaladigan miqdor | How many people are coming? |
| How tall | bo‘y | How tall is your brother? |
What … like? — tashqi ko‘rinish emas, xarakter yoki sifat: What’s your new boss like? (Yangi rahbaringiz qanday odam?) Tashqi ko‘rinish uchun: What does she look like?
Why yoki what … for? Ikkalasi ham sababni so‘raydi, what for ko‘proq maqsadni: What do you need the money for?
Why don’t we…? — bu sabab so‘rash emas, taklif: Why don’t we take a taxi? (Taksi olsak-chi?)
Predlog oxirida qoladi
O‘zbekchadagi ko‘makchi (bilan, uchun, haqida) inglizcha savolda ko‘pincha oxiriga tushadi:
- Who do you live with? — Kim bilan yashaysiz?
- What are you talking about? — Nima haqida gapiryapsiz?
- Where are you from? — Qayerdansiz?
- Who is this gift for? — Bu sovg‘a kim uchun?
With whom do you live? grammatik jihatdan to‘g‘ri, lekin juda rasmiy. So‘zlashuvda predlogni oxirda qoldiring. Faqat uni tushirib qoldirmang: Who do you live? — xato.
Who va what ega bo‘lganda
Savol so‘zi gapning egasi haqida so‘rasa, yordamchi fe’l qo‘shilmaydi: Who broke the window? (Who did break emas.) Bu mavzu alohida subject questions sahifasida Who called you? va Who did you call? juftligi bilan tushuntirilgan.
Wh-savollardagi 7 ta tipik xato
| Noto‘g‘ri | To‘g‘ri | Nima bo‘ldi |
|---|---|---|
| Where you live? | Where do you live? | yordamchi yo‘q |
| Where does she lives? | Where does she live? | -s ikki marta |
| What time the shop opens? | What time does the shop open? | yordamchi yo‘q |
| Why you are late? | Why are you late? | tartib: are egadan oldin |
| How many money do you need? | How much money do you need? | money sanalmaydi |
| Who you are waiting? | Who are you waiting for? | tartib va predlog |
| When did you went there? | When did you go there? | did dan keyin V1 |
Samarqanddagi mehmonxonada: dialog
Receptionist: Good evening. How can I help you?
Guest: Hi. I have a booking. My name is Sophie Martin.
Receptionist: Yes, here it is. How many nights are you staying?
Guest: Three. What time is breakfast?
Receptionist: From seven to ten, on the first floor.
Guest: Great. Which place should I visit first, the Registan or Shah-i-Zinda?
Receptionist: The Registan. Why don’t you go in the evening? The lights are beautiful.
Guest: How far is it from here?
Receptionist: About fifteen minutes on foot. Whose name should I put on the second key?
Guest: My husband’s. He’s parking the car.
Dialogdagi yettita savol yetti xil boshlanadi: how, how many, what time, which, why don’t, how far, whose. Why don’t you…? bu yerda sabab emas, maslahat ekaniga e’tibor bering. Savol ohangi (wh-savolda ohang pasayadi) haqida so‘roq intonatsiyasi sahifasida o‘qing.
Mashq: 14 ta savol
A. Qalin yozilgan qismga savol bering.
- 1. She lives in Namangan.
- 2. The film starts at 8 pm.
- 3. They went to Tashkent by train.
- 4. He is learning English because he wants to study abroad.
- 5. I have worked here for six years.
- 6. This is Kamola’s bag.
- 7. I go to the gym three times a week.
- 8. We will need twenty chairs.
- 9. She was talking to her grandmother.
- 10. The tickets cost 50,000 so‘m.
B. Xatoni tuzating.
- 11. Where your parents live?
- 12. What time did the train arrived?
- 13. How many sugar do you want?
- 14. What you are looking?
Javoblar
- 1. Where does she live? — Present Simple, she → does, lives → live.
- 2. What time does the film start? — what time birikmasi ajralmaydi.
- 3. How did they go to Tashkent? — transport usuli how bilan so‘raladi.
- 4. Why is he learning English? — Present Continuous, is oldinga chiqadi.
- 5. How long have you worked here? — davomiylik, Present Perfect.
- 6. Whose bag is this? — whose + ot.
- 7. How often do you go to the gym?
- 8. How many chairs will we need? — sanaladigan ot, will.
- 9. Who was she talking to? — predlog oxirida qoladi.
- 10. How much do the tickets cost? — narx how much.
- 11. Where do your parents live?
- 12. What time did the train arrive? — did dan keyin V1.
- 13. How much sugar do you want? — sugar sanalmaydi.
- 14. What are you looking for? — are egadan oldin, predlog for oxirida.
Yes/no, subject va tag savollar aralashgan 30 ta topshiriq so‘roq gap tuzish mashqlari sahifasida.
Savol berishni suhbatda mashq qilish
Ko‘pchilik o‘quvchi savollarga javob berishni mashq qiladi, lekin o‘zi savol berishga kam o‘rganadi. Suhbat esa ikki tomonlama. BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan suhbatda siz ham savol berasiz: uning shahri, kasbi, sevimli taomi haqida. Bugun beshta savolni oldindan tayyorlang (where, when, why, how long, how often), keyin ularni suhbatda ishlating.
BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling
