When — “…ganda, …gan paytda”: ko‘pincha qisqa voqea yoki lahza bilan keladi: When the taxi arrived, I was still packing. While — “…yotganda, …ayotgan paytda”: davom etgan ish bilan keladi: While I was packing, the taxi arrived. Ikki uzoq ish bir vaqtda bo‘lsa, faqat while: I ironed my shirt while my brother was cooking.
Yana ikkita qoida xatolarning yarmini yo‘qotadi. Birinchisi: while dan keyin to‘liq gap keladi, ot kelsa — during: during the lesson, while the lesson emas. Ikkinchisi: yosh va hayot davri doim when bilan: when I was a child.
Uch bog‘lovchi, uch vazifa
| Bog‘lovchi | O‘zbekcha | Nima bilan keladi | Misol |
|---|---|---|---|
| when | …ganda, …gan paytda, …sa | lahza, qisqa voqea, hayot davri, odat | When I saw the price, I laughed. |
| while | …yotganda, …ayotgan paytda | davom etgan ish, parallel ikki ish | While the kettle was boiling, I set the table. |
| as | …ayotganda; …gan sari | bir vaqtdagi ish, sekin o‘zgarish | As the sun went down, it got colder. |
Ikki ish orasidagi munosabatni o‘ylang. Biri ikkinchisini kesib o‘tdimi — when yoki while (uzun ishga qarab). Ikkalasi yonma-yon ketdimi — while. Biri o‘zgargani sari ikkinchisi ham o‘zgardimi — as.
When: to‘rt holat
1. Qisqa voqea yoki lahza. Ko‘pincha Past Simple bilan:
- When the lights came back, everyone clapped. — Chiroq qaytib kelganda hamma qarsak chaldi.
- She was washing the dishes when her phone buzzed. — U idish yuvayotganda telefoni jiringladi.
2. Hayot davri va yosh. Bu yerda was — oddiy be fe’li, davom etgan holat bo‘lsa ham while emas, when:
- When I was at school, I hated chemistry. — Maktabda o‘qiganimda kimyoni yomon ko‘rardim.
- My dad started working when he was sixteen. — Dadam o‘n olti yoshida ishlay boshlagan.
3. Odat: “har gal …ganda”. When bu yerda whenever ga yaqin:
- When it snows, the schools in our district close early. — Qor yog‘sa, tumanimizdagi maktablar erta yopiladi.
4. Kelajak: when + hozirgi zamon. “…ganimda/…sam” kelajak haqida bo‘lsa ham, when dan keyin will qo‘yilmaydi:
- I’ll call you when I get to the airport. — Aeroportga yetganimda qo‘ng‘iroq qilaman.
- When the results come out, we’ll celebrate. — Natijalar chiqqanda nishonlaymiz.
Bu qoida if bilan bir xil ishlaydi, uni first conditional sahifasida ham ko‘rasiz.
While: davom etgan ish va parallel harakat
Uzun ish + qisqa voqea. While uzun ishning oldida turadi, u odatda Past Continuous’da:
- While we were waiting for the metro, a man started playing the violin. — Metroni kutayotganimizda bir kishi skripka chala boshladi.
Ikki uzun ish bir vaqtda. Ikkala qism ham davom etgan:
- While Grandma was making somsa, the kids were decorating the room. — Buvijon somsa yopayotganda bolalar xonani bezayotgan edi.
- I usually listen to audiobooks while I’m driving. — Mashina haydayotganda odatda audiokitob tinglayman.
Qisqartirilgan shakl: while + -ing. Ikki qismning egasi bir xil bo‘lsa, while dan keyin -ing yetarli:
- He hurt his back while lifting a heavy box. — U og‘ir qutini ko‘tarayotganda belini shikastladi.
- Please don’t use your phone while driving. — Haydayotganda telefondan foydalanmang.
Qarama-qarshilik: “…esa”. Rasmiyroq uslubda while ikki faktni solishtiradi, vaqt ma’nosi yo‘q:
- My sister is a morning person, while I work best at night. — Singlim ertalab faol, men esa kechasi yaxshi ishlayman.
Bu vazifada u whereas ga teng. Boshqa solishtirish bog‘lovchilari bog‘lovchilar va linking words sahifasida.
As va just as
As ikki holatda while dan qulayroq:
- Sekin o‘zgarish, “…gan sari”: As the exam got closer, I slept less and less. — Imtihon yaqinlashgan sari kamroq uxlardim.
- Aynan o‘sha lahza — just as: Just as I sat down, someone knocked on the door. — Endi o‘tirishim bilan kimdir eshikni taqillatdi.
Ehtiyot bo‘ling: as “chunki” ma’nosini ham beradi. As I was tired, I went home — “charchaganim uchun uyga ketdim”. Vaqtni aytmoqchi bo‘lsangiz va ikki ma’no chalkashishi mumkin bo‘lsa, while yoki when ni tanlang.
While yoki during?
| while + gap (ega + fe’l) | during + ot |
|---|---|
| while I was sleeping | during the night |
| while we were on holiday | during our holiday |
| while the teacher was speaking | during the lecture |
| while you are working | during working hours |
O‘zbekcha “…davomida” ikkalasiga ham to‘g‘ri keladi, lekin inglizchada so‘z turkumi hal qiladi: keyin fe’li bor gap bo‘lsa — while, faqat ot bo‘lsa — during.
“During I was…” va yana beshta xato
| Noto‘g‘ri | To‘g‘ri | Nega |
|---|---|---|
| During I was sleeping, someone called. | While I was sleeping, someone called. | gap oldida while |
| While the summer, we went to Chimgan. | During the summer, we went to Chimgan. | ot oldida during |
| While I was a child, I lived in Urgench. | When I was a child, I lived in Urgench. | hayot davri — when |
| When I will finish, I’ll text you. | When I finish, I’ll text you. | when dan keyin will yo‘q |
| While the door opened, I jumped. | When the door opened, I jumped. | eshik ochilishi — lahza |
| Meanwhile I was cooking, he cleaned. | While I was cooking, he cleaned. | meanwhile — ravish, bog‘lovchi emas |
Oxirgi qatorga izoh: meanwhile alohida gapni boshlaydi: I was cooking. Meanwhile, my husband was cleaning the flat. — Men ovqat pishirayotgan edim. Bu orada erim uyni tozalayotgan edi.
Rus tilida so‘zlashuvchilar uchun tuzoq: когда ikkala holatga ham ishlatiladi, пока esa while ga yaqin. Во время esa faqat ot bilan keladi, xuddi during kabi.
Tirbandlikdagi qo‘ng‘iroq: suhbat
Farrux: Why were you late this morning?
Sevara: I got stuck in traffic near Chorsu. And while I was sitting there, my boss called.
Farrux: Oh no. What did he say?
Sevara: He wanted the report. Just as I started explaining, my phone died!
Farrux: Classic. When you get a chance, send it to him by email.
Sevara: I already did, while I was waiting for the lift.
Mashq: when, while yoki during (14 ta gap)
A. when, while yoki during?
- 1. I met my wife ______ I was working in Navoi.
- 2. ______ I was ten, we moved to Tashkent.
- 3. Nobody spoke ______ the film.
- 4. The glass broke ______ it hit the floor.
- 5. Mum was cooking ______ Dad was fixing the tap.
- 6. I’ll send you the photos ______ I get home.
- 7. He fell asleep ______ the lecture.
- 8. Be careful ______ crossing the road.
B. Qavsdagi fe’lni to‘g‘ri shaklga qo‘ying.
- 9. While I ______ (walk) to work, I saw an old friend.
- 10. When the teacher ______ (come) in, the students stood up.
- 11. We’ll start dinner when Grandpa ______ (arrive).
C. Xatoni toping va tuzating.
- 12. During I was studying, my brother played games.
- 13. While I was young, I didn’t like vegetables.
- 14. When I will see her, I’ll tell her the news.
Javoblar
1 — while (yoki when); 2 — When; 3 — during; 4 — when; 5 — while; 6 — when; 7 — during; 8 — while.
9 — was walking; 10 — came; 11 — arrives.
12 — While I was studying, my brother played games. (yoki was playing) 13 — When I was young, I didn’t like vegetables. 14 — When I see her, I’ll tell her the news.
Izohlar:
- 1-gap: was working — uzun fon, while eng tabiiy. When ham xato emas.
- 4-gap: stakan sinishi va polga tegishi — ikki lahza, when.
- 8-gap: qisqartirilgan shakl, while + -ing: while crossing.
- 11-gap: kelajak ma’nosi, lekin when dan keyin hozirgi zamon: arrives.
- 13-gap: yosh va hayot davri — when.
Past Continuous bilan birga keladigan qoliplarni chuqurroq ko‘rish uchun Past Simple va Past Continuous farqi va Past Continuous qoidasi sahifalarini, ko‘proq mashq uchun esa Past Continuous mashqlari sahifasini oching.
Bandi bilan “Nima bo‘ldi?” hikoyasini aytish
BandMate ilovasida Bandi sizdan yaqinda bo‘lgan kutilmagan voqeani so‘raydi, siz ovoz chiqarib aytib berasiz va when/while hamda zamon xatolari ko‘rsatiladi. Bugungi vazifa: shu hafta bo‘lgan bitta voqeani to‘rt gapda ayting: bittasi while, bittasi when, bittasi just as bilan bo‘lsin.
BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling
