Past Continuous qoidasi: was/were + -ing, when/while va mashq

Past Continuous (o‘tgan davomli zamon) o‘tmishning ma’lum bir paytida davom etib turgan harakatni bildiradi. Formula: was/were + fe’l + -ing: At eight o’clock I was having dinner. O‘zbekchada unga “-ayotgan edi” yoki “-yotgan edim” to‘g‘ri keladi: kechki ovqat qilayotgan edim.

Ko‘pincha u Past Simple bilan birga keladi: uzoq davom etgan ish (Past Continuous) qisqa voqea (Past Simple) bilan bo‘linadi: I was walking home when it started to rain.

Kecha soat 20:00 dagi “surat”

Tasavvur qiling: kecha kechqurun soat sakkizda Yunusoboddagi bir oila uyini suratga oldingiz. Suratda hech kim harakatni tugatmagan, hamma nimadir qilib turibdi:

Kim	What was he/she doing?	Tarjima
Onasi	She was cooking manti.	Manti pishirayotgan edi.
Otasi	He was watching the news.	Yangiliklarni ko‘rayotgan edi.
Madina	She was doing her homework.	Uy vazifasini qilayotgan edi.
Kichik ukasi	He was playing with the cat.	Mushuk bilan o‘ynayotgan edi.
Bobosi va buvisi	They were drinking tea on the veranda.	Ayvonda choy ichayotgan edi.

Bu Past Continuous’ning eng aniq tasviri: o‘tmishdagi bitta nuqta va shu nuqtada davom etayotgan harakatlar. Siz kecha soat sakkizda nima qilayotgan edingiz? Javobni hoziroq bitta gap bilan ayting: At eight o’clock yesterday I was…

Yasalishi

Gap turi	Formula	Misol	Tarjima
Darak	I/he/she/it was + V-ing	I was sleeping.	Uxlayotgan edim.
Darak	you/we/they were + V-ing	They were working.	Ular ishlayotgan edi.
Inkor	wasn’t / weren’t + V-ing	She wasn’t listening.	U eshitmayotgan edi.
So‘roq	Was/Were + ega + V-ing?	Were you driving?	Mashina haydayotgan edingmi?
Maxsus savol	so‘roq so‘zi + was/were + ega + V-ing?	What were you doing at 10?	Soat 10 da nima qilayotgan eding?
Javob	Yes, I was. / No, they weren’t.	—	Ha. / Yo‘q.

Was va were tanlovi be ning o‘tgan zamonidagi kabi: I, he, she, it — was; you, we, they — were. -ing imlosi (make → making, sit → sitting) Present Continuous’dagi bilan bir xil.

Qachon ishlatiladi

1. O‘tmishdagi aniq paytda davom etayotgan ish

At 7 a.m. I was standing at the bus stop in the rain. — Ertalab soat 7 da yomg‘ir ostida bekatda turgan edim.
This time last year we were living in Nukus. — O‘tgan yili shu paytda Nukusda yashayotgan edik.
What were you doing when I called? — Qo‘ng‘iroq qilganimda nima qilayotgan eding?

2. Uzoq ish qisqa voqea bilan bo‘linganda

Uzoq, fondagi ish — Past Continuous. Uni bo‘lgan qisqa voqea — Past Simple.

I was taking a shower when the water went off. — Dush qabul qilayotganimda suv o‘chib qoldi.
We were having dinner when the guests arrived. — Kechki ovqat qilayotganimizda mehmonlar keldi.
He was crossing the road when he saw his old teacher. — U yo‘ldan o‘tayotganda eski o‘qituvchisini ko‘rib qoldi.

3. Bir vaqtda davom etgan ikki ish

Ikkala harakat ham uzoq bo‘lsa, ikkalasi ham Past Continuous va odatda while bilan bog‘lanadi.

While I was cooking, my husband was setting the table. — Men ovqat pishirayotganimda erim dasturxon tuzayotgan edi.
The students were talking while the teacher was writing on the board. — O‘qituvchi doskaga yozayotganda talabalar gaplashayotgan edi.
She was listening to a podcast while she was driving to work. — U ishga mashina haydab ketayotib podkast tinglayotgan edi.

4. Hikoyada fon va muhit

Hikoya boshida Past Continuous sahnani chizadi, keyin Past Simple voqeani boshlaydi:

It was a cold evening in January. Snow was falling, and people were hurrying home from the metro. I was waiting for a taxi near Chorsu. Suddenly, a small boy ran up to me and asked for help.

Birinchi uch fe’l fon: qor yog‘ayotgan, odamlar shoshayotgan, men kutayotgan edim. Ran va asked esa voqeaning o‘zi. Kitob va filmlarda bu usul juda ko‘p ishlatiladi; siz ham Speaking’dagi hikoyangizni shunday boshlasangiz, u jonli eshitiladi.

When va while: qaysi birini qachon qo‘yish kerak

Bog‘lovchi	Keyin nima keladi	Misol
when	ko‘pincha qisqa voqea (Past Simple)	I was reading when* the lights went out.*
while	uzoq jarayon (Past Continuous)	While I was reading, the lights went out.
as	while ga yaqin, rasmiyroq	As I was leaving, the phone rang.

Ikki gapda ham ma’no bir xil, faqat qaysi qism bog‘lovchidan keyin kelishi farq qiladi. Gap bog‘lovchi bilan boshlansa, ikki qism orasiga vergul qo‘yiladi: When the phone rang, I was sleeping. Bog‘lovchi o‘rtada bo‘lsa, vergul kerak emas.

Tartibga e’tibor bering. When I arrived, they were eating — men kelganimda ular ovqatlanayotgan edi (ovqat boshlangan edi). When I arrived, they ate — men kelgach, ular ovqatlandi (ketma-ket). Bitta zamon almashsa, voqealar tartibi ham o‘zgaradi.

Qaysi fe’llar Past Continuous’da bo‘lmaydi

Know, want, like, believe, understand, own kabi holat fe’llari bu zamonda ham -ing olmaydi:

I didn’t know the answer. (not I wasn’t knowing)
She wanted to call you, but her phone was dead. (not was wanting)
We had a small flat then. (not were having egalik ma’nosida)

O‘zbek va rus tilidan keladigan xatolar

Noto‘g‘ri	To‘g‘ri	Sabab
I was sleep when you called.	I was sleeping when you called.	-ing tushib qolgan
They was playing football.	They were playing football.	they bilan were
When I was walking, I was seeing Aziz.	When I was walking, I saw Aziz.	Qisqa voqea — Past Simple
I watched TV when she was coming.	I was watching TV when she came.	Uzun va qisqa ish joyi almashgan
While I cooked, the phone was ringing.	While I was cooking, the phone rang.	while uzun ish bilan
I was knowing him at school.	I knew him at school.	Holat fe’li
What you were doing?	What were you doing?	Savolda so‘z tartibi

Rus tilida o‘qiganlar uchun eslatma: ruscha nomukammal tur (я читал) ba’zan Past Continuous, ba’zan Past Simple bo‘lib tarjima qilinadi. Я читал, когда он позвонил — I was reading when he called. Lekin Я читал эту книгу (tajriba ma’nosida) — I’ve read this book yoki I read this book, Continuous emas.

Past Simple bilan farqini chuqurroq

Qaysi ish “fon”, qaysi biri “voqea” ekanini aniqlash — bu zamonning asosiy qiyinligi. Ko‘proq juft misollar va aralash mashq Past Simple va Past Continuous farqi sahifasida. Past Simple shakllarini takrorlash kerak bo‘lsa — Past Simple qoidasi.

Mashq: 14 ta gap

A. Qavsdagi fe’lni Past Continuous shaklida yozing.

1. At 9 p.m. yesterday, I ______ (watch) a football match.
2. The children ______ (play) in the yard all afternoon.
3. What ______ you ______ (do) at this time yesterday?
4. She ______ (not / wear) a coat, so she got cold.
5. We ______ (drive) to Chimgan when the car broke down.

B. Past Simple yoki Past Continuous?

6. I ______ (walk) along Broadway when I ______ (meet) my classmate.
7. While my mum ______ (make) samsa, I ______ (clean) the kitchen.
8. When the teacher ______ (come) in, the students ______ (talk).
9. He ______ (fall) asleep while he ______ (read).
10. I ______ (want) to say something, but she ______ (not / listen).

C. Xatoni toping va tuzating. Bitta gap to‘g‘ri.

11. It was raining when we left the house.
12. While I cooked dinner, my sister was calling.
13. They was sitting in a café when I saw them.
14. When the phone was ringing, I answered it.

Javoblar

1 — was watching; 2 — were playing; 3 — were … doing; 4 — wasn’t wearing; 5 — were driving.

6 — was walking / met; 7 — was making / was cleaning; 8 — came / were talking; 9 — fell / was reading; 10 — wanted / wasn’t listening.

11 — To‘g‘ri. 12 — While I was cooking dinner, my sister called. 13 — They were sitting in a café when I saw them. 14 — When the phone rang, I answered it.

Izohlar:

7-gap: ikkala ish bir vaqtda uzoq davom etgan, shuning uchun ikkalasi ham Continuous.
8-gap: o‘qituvchi kirishi qisqa voqea, talabalar gapi esa u kirganda davom etayotgan edi.
10-gap: want holat fe’li, shuning uchun wanted; listen esa harakat, Continuous bo‘ladi.
14-gap: qo‘ng‘iroq va javob ketma-ket qisqa voqealar: ikkalasi ham Past Simple.

Keyingi qadam: o‘tmishdagi ikki voqeadan qaysi biri oldin bo‘lganini ko‘rsatish uchun Past Perfect qoidasi kerak bo‘ladi.

BandMate bilan mashq

BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan suhbatda “Nima qilayotgan edingiz, qachon…?” turidagi savollarga javob berib, hikoyani fon va voqeaga ajratib aytishni mashq qilasiz. Ilova xatoni ko‘rsatadi, darslarda qoida o‘zbekcha izohlanadi. Bugun sinab ko‘ring: kecha soat 8, 13 va 20 da nima qilayotganingizni uchta gapda ayting, keyin ulardan birini when bilan kichik voqeaga ulang.

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