Past Simple qoidasi: -ed, noto‘g‘ri fe’llar, did va mashq

Past Simple (o‘tgan oddiy zamon) o‘tmishda boshlanib, o‘tmishda tugagan ishni bildiradi: I visited my grandparents yesterday. To‘g‘ri fe’llarga -ed qo‘shiladi (worked, played), noto‘g‘ri fe’llarning ikkinchi shakli yodlanadi (go → went, see → saw). Inkor va so‘roq gapda did ishlatiladi, asosiy fe’l esa oddiy shaklga qaytadi: I didn’t go. Did you see it?

O‘zbekchada bu zamonga “-di” to‘g‘ri keladi: bordim, ko‘rdi, ishladik. Past Simple hikoya aytishning asosiy zamoni, shuning uchun uni birinchi bo‘lib avtomatik qilish kerak.

Toshkentdagi bir shanba

Avval hikoyani o‘qing, keyin undagi fe’llarni tahlil qilamiz.

Last Saturday I woke up late, at about ten. I had breakfast with my family and then I called my friend Otabek. We decided to go to Magic City. We took the metro and arrived there at one. First we walked around the park, then we ate lunch at a small café. Otabek wanted to see the fountain show, but it didn’t start until eight, so we didn’t wait. I got home at six. It was a simple day, but I really enjoyed it.

Hikoyada ikki xil fe’l bor:

• To‘g‘ri fe’llar (-ed): called, decided, arrived, walked, wanted, enjoyed.
• Noto‘g‘ri fe’llar: woke (wake), had (have), took (take), ate (eat), got (get), was (be).

Inkor gaplarga qarang: it didn’t start, we didn’t wait. Did bor joyda fe’l -ed olmaydi.

Yasalishi

Past Simple’da barcha shaxslar uchun shakl bir xil: I went, she went, they went. Present Simple’dagi 3-shaxs -s muammosi bu yerda yo‘q.

Be fe’li alohida. Be ning o‘tgan shakli was (I, he, she, it) va were (you, we, they). U did siz inkor va so‘roq yasaydi: I was tired. They weren’t at home. Were you at the wedding? Did you be…? degan shakl yo‘q.

-ed qo‘shish imlosi

Istisno: pay → paid, say → said. Ular unli + y bilan tugasa ham noto‘g‘ri fe’l.

Talaffuz. -ed uch xil o‘qiladi: /t/ (worked, washed), /d/ (played, called) va /ɪd/ (wanted, decided). Eng ko‘p xato — har bir -ed ni alohida bo‘g‘in qilib o‘qish: work-ed. Qoida va mashq -ed qo‘shimchasi talaffuzi sahifasida.

Eng kerakli 20 ta noto‘g‘ri fe’l

Qolganlarini guruhlab yodlash oson: buy – bought, bring – brought, think – thought bir xil tovush bilan. To‘liq ro‘yxat uch shakl bilan irregular fe’llar qo‘llanmasida.

Qachon ishlatiladi

1. Aniq vaqtda tugagan bitta voqea

• I passed my driving test in June. — Iyunda haydovchilik imtihonidan o‘tdim.
• Dilfuza started her new job two weeks ago. — Dilfuza ikki hafta oldin yangi ishini boshladi.
• We moved to Yunusobod in 2019. — 2019-yilda Yunusobodga ko‘chib o‘tdik.

2. Ketma-ket voqealar (hikoya)

• He opened the door, took off his shoes and went into the kitchen. — U eshikni ochdi, poyabzalini yechdi va oshxonaga kirdi.
• I got my results, called my mum and cried. — Natijamni oldim, onamga qo‘ng‘iroq qildim va yig‘lab yubordim.
• We landed, collected our bags and took a taxi to the city. — Qo‘ndik, sumkalarimizni oldik va shaharga taksida bordik.

3. O‘tmishdagi odat yoki holat

• When I was a child, I spent every summer in the village. — Bolaligimda har yozni qishloqda o‘tkazardim.
• My grandfather worked on a farm for forty years. — Bobom qirq yil fermada ishlagan.
• We didn’t have a computer at home. — Uyimizda kompyuter yo‘q edi.

Kecha nima qildingiz? Rasmlarga qarab o‘zingiz haqingizda ham shunday gaplar tuzing:

Vaqt so‘zlari: ago, yesterday, last

**“Ikki kun oldin” — before two days emas.** O‘zbekcha “oldin” so‘zi before deb tarjima qilinadi va before two days degan xato gap chiqadi. Hozirgi paytdan orqaga sanaganda faqat ago: I saw him two days ago.

Hikoyani qanday aytish kerak

Speaking’da “Tell me about a time when…” turidagi topshiriqlar Past Simple’siz bajarilmaydi. Hikoyani to‘rt bo‘lakka bo‘ling:

1. Qachon va qayerda: Two years ago, I was in Samarkand with my class.
2. Nima bo‘ldi: First we visited the Registan. Then our teacher got lost in the old town.
3. Eng qiziq joyi: In the end, a local boy showed us the way back to the bus.
4. Siz nima his qildingiz: We laughed about it for weeks.

First, then, after that, later, in the end — bu bog‘lovchilar hikoyani tartibli qiladi. Bir voqea boshqasi davom etayotganda bo‘lgan bo‘lsa (I was walking when…), unga Past Continuous kerak: Past Continuous qoidasi.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Oxirgi xato bo‘yicha batafsil: Present Perfect va Past Simple farqi.

Mashq: 15 ta savol

A. Qavsdagi fe’lni Past Simple shaklida yozing.

• 1. We ______ (visit) Khiva in April.
• 2. She ______ (buy) a new dress for the wedding.
• 3. I ______ (study) until midnight yesterday.
• 4. The bus ______ (stop) near the bazaar.
• 5. They ______ (not / come) to the party.
• 6. He ______ (be) very happy with his results.
• 7. My parents ______ (meet) in Andijan in 1998.
• 8. I ______ (not / know) the answer.

B. Savol tuzing.

• 9. you / watch / the match / last night?
• 10. when / she / leave / home?
• 11. what / you / have / for breakfast?
• 12. you / at home / yesterday? (be)

C. Xatoni tuzating.

• 13. Did she found her keys?
• 14. I saw him before a week.
• 15. We was at the cinema on Sunday.

Javoblar

1 — visited; 2 — bought; 3 — studied; 4 — stopped; 5 — didn’t come; 6 — was; 7 — met; 8 — didn’t know.

9 — Did you watch the match last night? 10 — When did she leave home? 11 — What did you have for breakfast? 12 — Were you at home yesterday?

13 — Did she find her keys? 14 — I saw him a week ago. 15 — We were at the cinema on Sunday.

Izohlar:

• 3-gap: study undosh + y bilan tugaydi, shuning uchun studied. Stayed esa unli + y.
• 4-gap: stop — undosh-unli-undosh, p ikkilanadi.
• 12-gap: be bilan did ishlatilmaydi: Did you be at home? xato.
• 13-gap: did allaqachon o‘tgan zamonni ko‘rsatgan, fe’l V1 da qoladi.
• 15-gap: we bilan were. Was faqat I, he, she, it bilan.

BandMate bilan mashq

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