Irregular verbs o‘zbekcha: 60 ta fe’l jadvali, guruhlar va hikoya

Irregular verbs — o‘tgan zamon shakli -ed bilan yasalmaydigan fe’llar: go – went – gone, buy – bought – bought. Ularni alifbo tartibida yodlash qiyin, lekin ko‘pchiligi bir necha naqshga bo‘linadi. Quyida kundalik nutqda eng ko‘p kerak bo‘ladigan 60 ta fe’l shu naqshlar bo‘yicha guruhlangan, keyin ularni ishlatadigan hikoya va javoblari bilan mashq bor.

-ed qoidasi va regular fe’llardan farqi haqida regular va irregular verbs farqi sahifasida o‘qing. Bu sahifa esa ro‘yxatning o‘zi va uni eslab qolish usuliga bag‘ishlangan.

Uch shakl nima uchun kerak

O‘zbekcha -di (bordim) ko‘pincha 2-shaklga, -gan (borganman, qurilgan) esa 3-shaklga to‘g‘ri keladi. Bu faqat yordamchi taqqoslash, har doim ham to‘liq mos kelmaydi. Qaysi zamonni tanlash haqida Present Perfect va Past Simple farqi, 3-shakl bilan majhul gap tuzish haqida passive voice maqolalarini o‘qing.

1-guruh: uchala shakl bir xil (8 ta)

Read yozuvda o‘zgarmaydi, lekin talaffuz o‘zgaradi: /riːd/ – /red/ – /red/. Bu guruhda zamonni fe’l emas, yesterday, every day kabi so‘zlar ko‘rsatadi.

2-guruh: -ought / -aught (6 ta)

Oltitasining oxiri bir xil o‘qiladi: /ɔːt/. Gh talaffuz qilinmaydi. Bought (sotib oldi) va brought (olib keldi) ni aralashtirmang.

3-guruh: oxiri -t ga aylanadi (9 ta)

Ikki xavfli juftlik: feel – felt (his qildi) va fall – fell (yiqildi); leave – left (ketdi) va live – lived (yashadi).

4-guruh: 2- va 3-shakl bir xil (12 ta)

Talaffuz: said /sed/, heard /hɜːd/, won /wʌn/ (one bilan bir xil).

5-guruh: 3-shakl 1-shakl bilan bir xil (3 ta)

I have came — eng ko‘p uchraydigan xatolardan biri. To‘g‘risi: I have come.

6-guruh: i – a – u (4 ta)

Unlining o‘zgarishini ritm sifatida ayting: i – a – u, drink – drank – drunk.

7-guruh: -ew / -own (4 ta)

Know va knew da k o‘qilmaydi: /nəʊ/, /njuː/ (AmE /nuː/).

8-guruh: 3-shakl -en bilan tugaydi (11 ta)

9-guruh: naqshga tushmaydiganlar (3 ta)

I’ve gone to Samarkand — hozir ham o‘sha yerdaman (qaytmadim). I’ve been to Samarkand — borib kelganman.

O‘zbek o‘rganuvchilari ko‘p qiladigan xatolar

Birinchi ikki xato eng keng tarqalgan. Sababi: o‘zbekchada bordingizmi? da o‘tgan zamon qo‘shimchasi fe’lning o‘zida, inglizchada esa u did ga ko‘chadi, asosiy fe’l 1-shaklga qaytadi.

Hikoya: Madinaning birinchi ish haftasi

Hikoyani ovoz chiqarib o‘qing. Qalin yozilgan fe’llar — 2-shakl.

Last Monday Madina began her first job at a small IT company in Tashkent. She left home at eight, took the metro and got to the office early. Her manager met her at the door and gave her a laptop. At ten the team had a short meeting. Everyone spoke English, and at first Madina understood only half of it. She felt nervous, but she wrote down the new words in her notebook.

At lunch her colleagues brought plov from a café nearby, and Madina paid for the drinks. They sat outside and told her funny stories about their first days. After lunch she found a small bug in the app and sent a message to the developer. He fixed it in ten minutes and said, “Good catch!”

In the evening Madina came home tired. She ate dinner, read her notes again and slept for nine hours. Before bed, she thought, “I chose the right job.”

Endi juma kuni. Bu yerda 3-shakllar:

Now it’s Friday. Madina has met everyone in the team, she has written her first test report, and she hasn’t lost her office pass yet. She has already forgotten how nervous she felt on Monday.

Hikoya bilan uch topshiriq:

1. Hikoyadagi 24 ta qalin 2-shaklning har biri uchun 1-shaklni yozing (began → begin). Qaysi biri regular ekanini ham toping: fixed.
2. Kitobni yoping va hikoyani beshta gap bilan qayta aytib bering.
3. O‘zingizning birinchi ish, o‘qish yoki kurs kuningiz haqida jadvaldagi kamida sakkizta fe’l bilan gapirib bering va yozib oling.

Mashq: qavsdagi fe’lni to‘g‘ri shaklga qo‘ying

• 1. Yesterday I ______ (buy) a new phone.
• 2. Have you ever ______ (eat) sumalak?
• 3. We ______ (not / go) to the office on Friday.
• 4. The Registan madrasas ______ (build) centuries ago.
• 5. Did you ______ (see) the match last night?
• 6. She has ______ (lose) her keys again.
• 7. How much did your ticket ______ (cost)?
• 8. They ______ (win) the game 2–1.
• 9. Our teacher ______ (teach) us this rule last year.
• 10. I’ve ______ (know) him since school.
• 11. The phone ______ (fall) off the table and ______ (break).
• 12. Have you ______ (write) the report yet?
• 13. I ______ (think) about your idea all weekend.

Javoblar: 1 — bought; 2 — eaten; 3 — didn’t go; 4 — were built; 5 — see; 6 — lost; 7 — cost; 8 — won; 9 — taught; 10 — known; 11 — fell, broke; 12 — written; 13 — thought.

11–13 to‘g‘ri bo‘lsa, jadvalni guruhlar bo‘yicha takrorlashga o‘ting. 3, 5 yoki 7 da xato bo‘lsa, did qoidasini qayta o‘qing: bu uchala savolda asosiy fe’l 1-shaklda qoladi.

Qanday yodlash kerak: kuniga bitta guruh

1. 1-kun: 1 va 2-guruh. Har fe’l bilan o‘zingiz haqingizda bitta o‘tgan zamon gapi.
2. 2-kun: 3 va 4-guruh. Kechagi guruhni jadvalga qaramasdan tekshiring.
3. 3-kun: 5, 6 va 7-guruh.
4. 4-kun: 8 va 9-guruh.
5. 5-kun: hikoyani qayta aytib bering, keyin mashqni takrorlang.

Uch shaklni ritm bilan ayting (speak – spoke – spoken), lekin to‘xtab qolmang: har guruhdan keyin 2–3 ta savol-javob tuzing. Did you sleep well? — Yes, I slept for eight hours. Nutqda sizga ro‘yxat emas, aynan shu savol-javob kerak.

BandMate bilan mashq

BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan ovozli suhbatda o‘tgan hafta, sayohat yoki birinchi ish kuningiz haqida gapirib, bu fe’llarni jonli nutqda ishlatishingiz mumkin. Darslarda o‘tgan zamon mavzulari mashq qilinadi, ilova esa talaffuz bo‘yicha fikr beradi. Jadvalni yodlash sizning ishingiz, ilova uni gapirishda qo‘llash uchun sharoit yaratadi.

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