Regular (to‘g‘ri) fe’l o‘tgan zamon va past participle shaklini -ed bilan yasaydi: work – worked – worked. Irregular (noto‘g‘ri) fe’l esa o‘z shakliga ega va uni yodlash kerak: go – went – gone, buy – bought – bought. Farq faqat shu ikki shaklda (V2 va V3); hozirgi zamon, -ing va buyruq gapda ikkala tur bir xil ishlaydi.
Bu sahifa farqni va -ed qo‘shishning barcha imlo hamda talaffuz qoidalarini tushuntiradi. Irregular fe’llarning to‘liq ro‘yxati va ularni yodlash usuli alohida: irregular verbs qo‘llanmasi.
V1, V2, V3 nima va qayerda ishlatiladi
| V1 (asosiy shakl) | V2 (past simple) | V3 (past participle) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Regular | work, play, study | worked, played, studied | worked, played, studied |
| Irregular | go, see, write | went, saw, wrote | gone, seen, written |
- V2 faqat Past Simple’ning tasdiq gapida: I worked late yesterday. She wrote a letter.
- V3 Present Perfect, Past Perfect va passive’da: I have worked here for two years. The letter was written in English. Passive haqida passive voice sahifasida.
- V1 did bilan inkor va savolda, ikkala turda ham: Did you work? I didn’t go.
Oxirgi qoida ko‘p unutiladi: did o‘tgan zamonni o‘zi ko‘taradi, shuning uchun asosiy fe’l V1 qoladi. Did you went? va I didn’t worked — xato.
-ed qo‘shishning 5 ta imlo qoidasi
1. Oddiy holat: +ed
work → worked, open → opened, visit → visited, watch → watched, help → helped
2. Fe’l -e bilan tugasa: faqat +d
live → lived, arrive → arrived, use → used, dance → danced, agree → agreed
3. Undosh + y: y → i, keyin +ed
study → studied, try → tried, carry → carried, reply → replied
Lekin unli + y bo‘lsa, y o‘zgarmaydi: play → played, stay → stayed, enjoy → enjoyed, pray → prayed. Istisnolar: pay → paid, say → said, lay → laid — bular irregular.
4. Urg‘uli oxirgi bo‘g‘in undosh–unli–undosh bilan tugasa: oxirgi undosh ikkilanadi
stop → stopped, plan → planned, shop → shopped, prefer → preferred, admit → admitted
Urg‘u oxirgi bo‘g‘inda bo‘lmasa, ikkilanmaydi: visit → visited, open → opened, listen → listened, happen → happened. W, x, y hech qachon ikkilanmaydi: fix → fixed, snow → snowed, relax → relaxed.
5. Britaniya va Amerika varianti
Urg‘usiz -l bilan tugagan fe’llarda: travel → travelled (BrE) / traveled (AmE), cancel → cancelled / canceled. Ikkalasi ham to‘g‘ri. IELTS va milliy sertifikatda ikkalasi qabul qilinadi, lekin bitta matnda bitta variantda qoling.
-ed qanday o‘qiladi: /t/, /d/ yoki /ɪd/
Yozuvda -ed bir xil, lekin uch xil o‘qiladi:
| Talaffuz | Qachon | Misollar |
|---|---|---|
| /t/ | Jarangsiz tovushdan keyin (p, k, s, sh, ch, f) | worked, stopped, washed, watched, laughed |
| /d/ | Jarangli tovush va unlidan keyin | lived, played, called, cleaned, studied |
| /ɪd/ | Faqat t yoki d dan keyin | wanted, needed, visited, decided, started |
Asosiy qoida: /ɪd/ (qo‘shimcha bo‘g‘in) faqat t va d dan keyin. Worked bir bo‘g‘in: /wɜːkt/, “vor-ked” emas. O‘zbek o‘rganuvchilar yozuvga qarab har -ed ni alohida bo‘g‘in qilib o‘qiydi yoki aksincha, so‘z oxiridagi /kt/, /pt/ birikmasini qiyin deb tashlab yuboradi va Yesterday I work bo‘lib eshitiladi. Batafsil mashqlar -ed talaffuzi sahifasida.
Irregular fe’llar: to‘rtta naqsh
Irregular fe’llarning aniq qoidasi yo‘q, lekin ular bir nechta naqshga bo‘linadi. Naqsh bo‘yicha yodlash tasodifiy ro‘yxatdan osonroq.
| Naqsh | Misollar |
|---|---|
| Uchalasi bir xil (A–A–A) | cut – cut – cut, put, let, cost, hit, shut |
| V2 va V3 bir xil (A–B–B) | buy – bought – bought, bring, think, teach, catch, make – made, send – sent, feel – felt |
| V1 va V3 bir xil (A–B–A) | come – came – come, become, run – ran – run |
| Uchalasi har xil (A–B–C) | go – went – gone, see – saw – seen, write – wrote – written, take – took – taken, speak – spoke – spoken |
Eng ko‘p ishlatiladigan fe’llarning ko‘pchiligi aynan irregular: be, have, do, say, go, get, make, know, think, take, see, come. Shuning uchun ularni birinchi navbatda yodlang.
Fe’l regularmi yoki yo‘qmi, qanday bilasiz
Tashqi ko‘rinishdan bilib bo‘lmaydi: bake regular (baked), make irregular (made). Ishonchli yo‘l — lug‘at. Yaxshi lug‘at irregular fe’lning V2 va V3 shaklini alohida ko‘rsatadi; agar faqat bitta -ed shakli berilgan yoki hech narsa yozilmagan bo‘lsa, fe’l regular.
Ba’zi fe’llar ikkala shaklga ega: learn → learned / learnt, dream → dreamed / dreamt, burn → burned / burnt. Britaniya ingliz tilida ikkalasi ishlatiladi, Amerikada -ed shakli odatiyroq. Ikkalasi ham xato emas.
Nega o‘zbeklar “goed” deydi
O‘zbekchada o‘tgan zamon qo‘shimchasi hamma fe’lga bir xil qo‘shiladi: keldi, bordi, ko‘rdi, sotib oldi. Istisno yo‘q. Shuning uchun miya inglizchada ham bitta qoidani qo‘llamoqchi bo‘ladi: goed, buyed, teached, catched. Bu tabiiy bosqich, bolalar ham ingliz tilini o‘rganayotganda shunday qiladi. Yechim — eng kerakli 30–40 irregular fe’lni gap ichida avtomatik qilish.
O‘zbek o‘rganuvchilar ko‘p qiladigan xatolar
| Xato | To‘g‘ri | Sabab |
|---|---|---|
| I goed to the bazaar. | I went to the bazaar. | Irregular fe’lga -ed |
| He buyed a new phone. | He bought a new phone. | Irregular fe’lga -ed |
| Did you went there? | Did you go there? | Did dan keyin V1 |
| She didn’t came. | She didn’t come. | Didn’t dan keyin V1 |
| I studyed all night. | I studied all night. | Undosh + y qoidasi |
| We stoped at the café. | We stopped at the café. | Undosh ikkilanmagan |
| They plaied football. | They played football. | Unli + y o‘zgarmaydi |
| I have wrote the report. | I have written the report. | V3 o‘rniga V2 |
| Yesterday I watch a film. | Yesterday I watched a film. | Talaffuzda -ed tushib qolgan |
| “work-ed” deb o‘qish | /wɜːkt/, bitta bo‘g‘in | /ɪd/ faqat t, d dan keyin |
Mashq
A. V2 shaklini yozing.
- plan
- study
- enjoy
- prefer
- visit
- arrive
B. Xatoni tuzating.
- 7. Did she called you yesterday?
- 8. I have saw this film twice.
- 9. We tryed to call you.
- 10. Last year my brother teached me to drive.
Javoblar:
1 — planned; 2 — studied; 3 — enjoyed; 4 — preferred; 5 — visited; 6 — arrived; 7 — Did she call you yesterday? 8 — I have seen this film twice. 9 — We tried to call you. 10 — Last year my brother taught me to drive.
Bonus: 1–6-javoblarni ovoz chiqarib o‘qing. /ɪd/ faqat visited da bo‘lishi kerak: planned /d/, studied /d/, enjoyed /d/, preferred /d/, arrived /d/.
Hikoya bilan mustahkamlash
O‘tgan zamon fe’llari eng yaxshi hikoyada o‘rganiladi. Kechagi kuningizni sakkiz gap bilan ayting va har gapda boshqa fe’l ishlating: to‘rttasi regular, to‘rttasi irregular. Masalan: I woke up late, so I missed the bus. I took a taxi and arrived at work at ten… Yozib oling va har -ed aniq eshitilganini tekshiring. Hikoyani qiziqarli qilish usullari storytelling qo‘llanmasida.
BandMate bilan mashq
BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan o‘tgan dam olish kuningiz yoki safaringiz haqida ovozli suhbat qilib, V2 shakllarini real hikoyada ishlatishingiz mumkin. Ilova talaffuz bo‘yicha fikr beradi, shuning uchun -ed oxirini tushirib qoldirish odatini sezish osonroq bo‘ladi. Darslar esa irregular fe’llarni takrorlatadi.
BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling
