Inglizcha gapda ega bo‘lishi shart. Ega yo‘q joyda ingliz tili ikkita “bo‘sh ega” ishlatadi. It holatni tasvirlaydi: ob-havo, vaqt, masofa, vaziyatga baho (It’s cold. It’s late. It’s ten minutes from here.). There esa biror narsa borligini yoki paydo bo‘lganini aytadi (There is a problem. There’s a lot of traffic.).
Qisqa sinov: gapni o‘zbekchada “... bor / ... yo‘q” deb aytish mumkin bo‘lsa, there kerak. “Qanday?” savoliga javob bo‘lsa (sovuq, kech, qiyin, uzoq), it kerak.
O‘zbekchada nima uchun bu qiyin
O‘zbek tilida egasiz gaplar oddiy hol: Sovuq. Kech bo‘ldi. Qiyin ekan. Bekatgacha uzoq. Rus tilida ham shunday: Холодно. Поздно. Ingliz tilida esa fe’ldan oldin albatta nimadir turishi kerak. Shuning uchun o‘quvchilar ikki xil xato qiladi: yoki egani umuman tashlab ketadi (Is cold today), yoki noto‘g‘ri bo‘sh egani tanlaydi (There is cold, It is many people here).
Bu it hech narsani anglatmaydi, uni “u” deb tarjima qilmang. It’s raining — “yomg‘ir yog‘yapti”, “u yomg‘ir yog‘diryapti” emas.
It qachon ishlatiladi: 8 ta vaziyat
| Vaziyat | Misol | O‘zbekcha |
|---|---|---|
| Ob-havo | It’s windy in Tashkent today. | Bugun Toshkentda shamol. |
| Harorat | It’s minus five outside. | Tashqarida minus besh. |
| Vaqt, kun, sana | It’s half past seven. It’s Friday. | Yetti yarim. Bugun juma. |
| Masofa | It’s about 300 kilometres to Samarkand. | Samarqandgacha 300 km chamasi. |
| Ketadigan vaqt | It takes 20 minutes by metro. | Metroda 20 daqiqa ketadi. |
| Vaziyatga baho + to | It’s hard to find a flat near Chorsu. | Chorsu yaqinidan kvartira topish qiyin. |
| Vaziyatga baho + that | It’s a pity that you can’t come. | Kela olmasligingiz achinarli. |
| Taassurot | It looks like it’s going to rain. | Yomg‘ir yog‘adiganga o‘xshaydi. |
Oltinchi va yettinchi qatorlar B1–B2 darajada eng foydali. Gapning haqiqiy egasi uzun bo‘lsa (to find a flat near Chorsu), ingliz tili uni oxiriga suradi va boshiga it qo‘yadi. To find a flat near Chorsu is hard grammatik jihatdan to‘g‘ri, lekin og‘ir eshitiladi.
Telefonda yoki eshik oldida o‘zini tanishtirishda ham it ishlatiladi: Hi, it’s Kamola. (I am Kamola emas.) Who is it? — Kim u?
There qachon ishlatiladi
There yangi narsani sahnaga olib chiqadi: odam, buyum, voqea, muammo, imkoniyat.
- There’s a new café next to our office. — Ofisimiz yonida yangi kafe bor.
- There were a lot of guests at the wedding. — To‘yda mehmon ko‘p edi.
- There’s no hot water today. — Bugun issiq suv yo‘q.
- There will be a meeting at three. — Soat uchda majlis bo‘ladi.
- There seems to be a mistake in the bill. — Hisobda xato bor shekilli.
- There’s no need to hurry. — Shoshilishga hojat yo‘q.
There is va there are ning birlik-ko‘plik qoidasi, some/any bilan ishlatilishi alohida sahifada: there is va there are. Bu yerda asosiy e’tibor — it bilan adashtirmaslik.
Bir mavzu, ikki gap: ma’no qanday o‘zgaradi
Ko‘p holatda bitta fikrni ikkala usulda ham aytish mumkin, lekin gap qurilishi o‘zgaradi: it dan keyin sifat keladi, there dan keyin ot.
| It + sifat | There + ot |
|---|---|
| It’s very windy. | There’s a strong wind. |
| It’s noisy here. | There’s a lot of noise here. |
| It was foggy this morning. | There was fog this morning. |
| It’s crowded on the metro. | There are a lot of people on the metro. |
| It’s dangerous to cross here. | There’s a danger of slipping on the ice. |
Ba’zan ma’no butunlay boshqa bo‘ladi:
- It’s a problem. — Bu (biz gapirayotgan narsa) muammo. There’s a problem. — Muammo bor (yangi xabar).
- It was a party. — U (o‘sha tadbir) ziyofat edi. There was a party. — Ziyofat bo‘ldi.
- It’s a long way. — U yer uzoq. There’s a long queue. — Uzun navbat bor.
Birinchi gaplarda it allaqachon ma’lum narsaga ishora qiladi. Ikkinchilarida there yangi narsani tanishtiradi.
Egasiz o‘zbekcha gaplarni tarjima qilish
Quyidagi gaplar kundalik hayotda doim uchraydi. Har birida egani qaerdan olishni ko‘ring.
| O‘zbekcha | Inglizcha | Izoh |
|---|---|---|
| Kech bo‘ldi, uyga ketaylik. | It’s late, let’s go home. | vaqt → it |
| Qorong‘i tushyapti. | It’s getting dark. | holat o‘zgarishi → it |
| Bozorda odam ko‘p. | There are a lot of people at the bazaar. | “ko‘p bor” → there |
| Uyda hech kim yo‘q. | There’s nobody at home. | “yo‘q” → there |
| Uydan universitetgacha 15 daqiqa. | It’s 15 minutes from home to the university. | masofa → it |
| Mashinada bir soat ketadi. | It takes an hour by car. | vaqt sarfi → it takes |
| Ingliz tilini o‘rganish qiziq. | It’s interesting to learn English. | baho + to → it |
| Ma’lum bo‘ldiki, u allaqachon ketgan ekan. | It turned out that he had already left. | it turned out |
| Aytishlaricha, yangi metro liniyasi ochiladi. | It is said that a new metro line will open. | rasmiy uslub |
| Menga sovuq. | I’m cold. | odam his qilsa — ega odam |
| Kutish kerak. | We have to wait. | ega — kim kutadi |
| Bu yerda chekish mumkin emas. | Smoking isn’t allowed here. | ega — harakat nomi |
Oxirgi uch qatorga e’tibor bering: har bir egasiz gap ham it yoki there talab qilmaydi. Menga sovuq — bu odamning his-tuyg‘usi, shuning uchun I’m cold. It’s cold esa “havo sovuq” degani. Kutish kerak gapida egani o‘zingiz tanlaysiz: we, you, I. Inglizcha gapda so‘zlar qanday tartibda turishi haqida batafsil: ingliz tilida so‘z tartibi.
It bilan there adashganda: xato va to‘g‘ri
| Noto‘g‘ri | To‘g‘ri | Nima bo‘ldi |
|---|---|---|
| Is very cold today. | It’s very cold today. | ega tushib qolgan |
| There is cold outside. | It’s cold outside. | holat → it |
| It is many people in the bus. | There are a lot of people on the bus. | borliq → there |
| Here is a lot of shops. | There are a lot of shops here. | rus tilidagi Здесь много… kalkasi |
| It isn’t milk in the fridge. | There isn’t any milk in the fridge. | “yo‘q” → there |
| It’s take 20 minutes. | It takes 20 minutes. | it’s + fe’l emas |
| Is possible to pay by card? | Is it possible to pay by card? | so‘roqda ham ega kerak |
| There is interesting to travel. | It’s interesting to travel. | baho + to → it |
Today is very hot gapini ham eshitasiz va so‘zlashuvda u qabul qilinadi, lekin yozuvda va imtihonda It’s very hot today tabiiyroq. Ob-havo haqidagi so‘zlar va iboralar to‘plami ob-havo inglizcha sahifasida.
Chimyonga yo‘l: qisqa suhbat
Sardor va Nigora dam olish kuni tog‘ga borishni rejalashtiryapti.
Sardor: Shall we go to Chimgan on Saturday?
Nigora: Is it going to be warm? It was freezing last weekend.
Sardor: The forecast says it’ll be sunny, but there’s a chance of snow in the evening.
Nigora: How long does it take to get there?
Sardor: It’s about 80 kilometres, so it takes an hour and a half by car. There’s usually a lot of traffic on Saturday mornings, though.
Nigora: Then let’s leave early. Is there a café near the cable car?
Sardor: There are a few. It’s a bit expensive up there, so let’s take some tea and sandwiches.
Nigora: Good idea. It’s nice to have a picnic in the mountains.
Suhbatda har bir it holatni (ob-havo, vaqt, masofa, narx, baho), har bir there esa borliqni (tirbandlik, qor ehtimoli, kafe) bildiradi. IELTS Speaking Part 1 da ob-havo savollariga javob berayotganda ham aynan shu juftlik ko‘p kerak bo‘ladi: ob-havo mavzusidagi savollar.
Bir qadam oldinga: it bilan ta’kid
It yana bir muhim ishni bajaradi: gapning bir qismini ajratib ko‘rsatadi. It was Aziz who called you — sizga aynan Aziz qo‘ng‘iroq qildi. Bu B2–C1 darajadagi tuzilma, u cleft sentences sahifasida batafsil tushuntirilgan. Hozircha shuni bilish kifoya: bunday it ham hech narsani anglatmaydi, u faqat gap uchun ramka yasaydi.
Mashq: it yoki there?
Bo‘sh joyga it yoki there qo‘ying. Kerak bo‘lsa, fe’lni ham qo‘shing (is, are, was, takes va h.k.).
- 1. ______ ’s raining again. Take an umbrella.
- 2. ______ are three pharmacies on our street.
- 3. How far is ______ to the airport?
- 4. ______ was a big accident on the ring road this morning.
- 5. ______ takes me two hours to get to Andijan by train.
- 6. ______ isn’t any bread left. Can you buy some?
- 7. ______ ’s difficult to park in the city centre.
- 8. Is ______ a bus stop near here?
- 9. ______ was so hot in July that we slept on the roof.
- 10. ______ seems to be something wrong with my phone.
- 11. Hello? ______ ’s me, Bekzod. Can you open the door?
- 12. ______ will be a lot of guests at the wedding.
- 13. ______ ’s a shame that the museum is closed on Mondays.
- 14. Tarjima qiling: Bugun juda issiq va ko‘chada odam kam.
Javoblar
- 1. It — ob-havo.
- 2. There — dorixonalar borligi, ko‘plik.
- 3. it — masofa.
- 4. There — voqea sodir bo‘lgani, yangi xabar.
- 5. It — ketadigan vaqt, it takes.
- 6. There — “non qolmadi” = yo‘q.
- 7. It — baho + to park.
- 8. there — borlik haqida so‘roq: Is there…?
- 9. It — ob-havo, harorat.
- 10. There — there seems to be + ot (something wrong).
- 11. It — telefonda yoki eshik oldida o‘zini tanishtirish.
- 12. There — kelajakdagi borliq: there will be.
- 13. It — baho + that bilan gap.
- 14. It’s very hot today and there aren’t many people outside. (yoki …and there are few people in the streets.) Birinchi qism holat, ikkinchisi borliq.
Bandi bilan ob-havo va yo‘l haqida gapiring
It va there ni jadvaldan emas, og‘izdan tez chiqarib ishlatganda o‘rganasiz. BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan ob-havo, shahringiz, uydan ishgacha yo‘l haqida gaplashing: “Qancha vaqt ketadi?”, “U yerda nima bor?” kabi savollarga ovoz chiqarib javob berasiz, ilova esa egasi tushib qolgan gaplaringizni ko‘rsatadi. Bu mashq uchun fikr-mulohaza, rasmiy baho emas. Hozir sinab ko‘ring: shahringiz haqida it bilan ikkita, there bilan ikkita gap ayting.
