Ba’zi iboralardan keyin Past Simple o‘tmish haqida emas, hozirgi yoki kelajakdagi noreal, istalgan holat haqida bo‘ladi:
- It’s time we went home. — Uyga ketish vaqti bo‘ldi (aslida allaqachon ketishimiz kerak edi).
- I’d rather you didn’t smoke here. — Bu yerda chekmasangiz yaxshi bo‘lardi.
- He talks as if he knew everything. — U xuddi hamma narsani biladigandek gapiradi (aslida bilmaydi).
Qoida: bu iboralardan keyin boshqa ega kelsa, fe’l o‘tmish shaklida bo‘ladi. Ega o‘zingiz bo‘lsa yoki ega yo‘q bo‘lsa, oddiy shakl ishlatiladi: It’s time to go. I’d rather stay at home.
Nega o‘tmish shakli?
Ingliz tilida o‘tmish shakli “uzoqlik”ni bildiradi: vaqt bo‘yicha uzoqlik (yesterday I went) yoki reallikdan uzoqlik. If I had a car… (second conditional) va I wish I knew… gaplarida ham xuddi shu mantiq ishlaydi. Shuning uchun bu sahifadagi iboralarni second conditional va wish, if only bilan bitta oila deb o‘ylang.
O‘zbek tilida bu ma’no -sa shart shakli bilan beriladi: ketsak edi, chekmasangiz, bilsa edi. Rus tilida esa пора бы, лучше бы ты… va o‘tgan zamon: Лучше бы ты не курил здесь. Aslida rus tilidagi бы + o‘tgan zamon inglizcha qoidaga juda yaqin.
It’s time: uch xil qolip
| Qolip | Ma’nosi | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| It’s time + to + V | neytral: vaqti keldi | It’s time to start the lesson. |
| It’s time + for + kim + to + V | neytral, kimligini aytish | It’s time for the children to go to bed. |
| It’s time + ega + Past Simple | tanqid: allaqachon kech bo‘ldi | It’s time the children went to bed. |
| It’s high time / about time + ega + Past | kuchli tanqid, sabrsizlik | It’s high time you found a job. |
Farqni his qiling:
- It’s time to leave. — Ketish vaqti bo‘ldi. (oddiy xabar)
- It’s time we left. — Ketishimiz kerak edi, kechikyapmiz. (bosim bor)
- It’s about time the city fixed this road! — Bu yo‘lni allaqachon ta’mirlash kerak edi! (norozilik)
Xato: It’s time we go. To‘g‘risi: It’s time we went. It’s time to we went ham xato: qolipni aralashtirmang.
Would rather: o‘zingiz va boshqalar uchun
| Qolip | Ma’nosi | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| would rather + V | o‘zim afzal ko‘raman | I’d rather stay at home tonight. |
| would rather + V + than + V | biridan boshqasini afzal | I’d rather walk than wait for the bus. |
| would rather not + V | inkor | I’d rather not talk about it. |
| would rather + ega + Past | boshqa odam shunday qilsa | I’d rather you called me first. |
| would rather + ega + didn’t | boshqa odam qilmasa | I’d rather you didn’t tell Mum. |
| would rather + have + V3 | o‘tmishdagi afzallik (afsus) | I’d rather have gone by train. |
| would rather + ega + had + V3 | boshqa odam o‘tmishda boshqacha qilganida | I’d rather you had asked me. |
Would rather dan keyin to qo‘yilmaydi: I’d rather stay, I’d rather to stay emas. Would rather ning inkori would rather not: I’d rather not, I wouldn’t rather emas.
Oxirgi ikki qatorga e’tibor bering: o‘tmish haqida gapirganda Past Perfect kerak — xuddi wish dagi kabi. O‘tmishdagi afsus va hozirgi natija haqida chuqurroq: mixed conditionals.
Would prefer va prefer: o‘xshash, lekin boshqa grammatika
| Ibora | Qolip | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| prefer (umumiy did) | prefer + -ing / noun + to | I prefer tea to coffee. I prefer walking to driving. |
| would prefer (hozirgi istak) | would prefer + to + V | I’d prefer to sit near the window. |
| would prefer + boshqa odam | would prefer + object + to + V | I’d prefer you to call before you come. |
| would prefer it if | would prefer it if + ega + Past | I’d prefer it if you didn’t shout. |
Bir fikr, uch usul:
- I’d rather you didn’t park here.
- I’d prefer you not to park here.
- I’d prefer it if you didn’t park here.
Uchalasi ham muloyim iltimos. Would rather so‘zlashuvda eng ko‘p uchraydi. Prefer dan keyin -ing yoki to tanlash qoidalari gerund va infinitive sahifasida.
As if va as though: xuddi …dek
As if va as though bir xil ma’noda. Qaysi zamon ishlatilishi gapiruvchi vaziyatni qanchalik real deb bilishiga bog‘liq:
| Shakl | Ma’nosi | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| as if + Present | ehtimol rost | You look as if you need some sleep. (charchaganga o‘xshaysiz) |
| as if + Past | noreal, rost emas | He spends money as if he were a millionaire. (millioner emas) |
| as if + Past Perfect | o‘tmish haqida noreal | She looked at me as if she had never seen me before. |
Noreal ma’noda were barcha shaxslarda ishlatiladi: as if he were, as if I were. So‘zlashuvda as if he was ham keng tarqalgan. So‘zlashuvda like ham as if o‘rnida keladi (He talks like he knows everything), lekin yozuvda as if ni tanlang.
Uy davrasida: qisqa suhbat
Farrux va Zarina juma kuni kechqurun rejalarni muhokama qilyapti.
Zarina: It’s nearly nine. It’s time we left if we want to see the fireworks in the park.
Farrux: Honestly, I’d rather stay at home. It’s cold, and I’m tired.
Zarina: You always say that. It’s high time you did something fun on a Friday.
Farrux: I’d prefer to go tomorrow. And I’d rather you didn’t look at me as if I were eighty years old.
Zarina: Fine. But I’d rather you had told me earlier. I’ve already ironed my dress.
Farrux: Sorry. Tomorrow, I promise. It’s time I kept my promises, right?
Noreal o‘tmishdagi odatiy xatolar
| Noto‘g‘ri | To‘g‘ri | Izoh |
|---|---|---|
| It’s time we go home. | It’s time we went home. | ega + o‘tmish shakli |
| I’d rather to take a taxi. | I’d rather take a taxi. | would rather dan keyin to yo‘q |
| I’d rather you don’t call me at night. | I’d rather you didn’t call me at night. | boshqa ega + o‘tmish |
| I wouldn’t rather go. | I’d rather not go. | inkor shakli |
| I’d prefer staying at home tonight. | I’d prefer to stay at home tonight. | would prefer + to |
| I’d rather tea than coffee. | I’d rather have tea than coffee. | would rather + fe’l |
| He acts as if he is the boss. (u boss emas) | He acts as if he were (was) the boss. | noreal → o‘tmish |
Mashq: to‘g‘ri shaklni yozing
- 1. It’s time we ______ (start) saving for the wedding.
- 2. It’s time ______ (go). The taxi is here.
- 3. I’d rather ______ (not / eat) fast food tonight.
- 4. I’d rather you ______ (not / tell) anyone about this.
- 5. It’s high time the government ______ (do) something about the traffic.
- 6. I’d rather ______ (walk) than take a crowded bus.
- 7. I’d prefer ______ (sit) in the front row.
- 8. I’d prefer it if you ______ (turn) the music down.
- 9. He talks about Paris as if he ______ (live) there, but he has never been abroad.
- 10. You look as if you ______ (need) a cup of tea. Sit down.
- 11. I’d rather you ______ (ask) me before you borrowed my car yesterday.
- 12. She treats her assistant as if he ______ (be) a child.
- 13. I’d rather ______ (go) to the concert last night, but I had to work.
- 14. Xatoni tuzating: It’s about time you stop playing games and do your homework.
- 15. Tarjima qiling: Bu haqda gapirmasak yaxshi edi (o‘zingiz haqingizda).
Javoblar
- 1. started — it’s time + ega + o‘tmish.
- 2. to go — ega yo‘q, neytral.
- 3. not eat — would rather not + V.
- 4. didn’t tell — boshqa ega, hozirgi istak.
- 5. did — high time + ega + o‘tmish.
- 6. walk — would rather + V + than + V.
- 7. to sit — would prefer + to.
- 8. turned — would prefer it if + o‘tmish.
- 9. lived (had lived ham mumkin) — noreal: u u yerda yashamagan.
- 10. need — real ehtimol, charchagani ko‘rinib turibdi.
- 11. had asked — o‘tmishdagi voqea haqida afsus.
- 12. were (was) — noreal: yordamchi bola emas.
- 13. have gone — would rather have + V3, o‘tmishdagi afzallik.
- 14. It’s about time you stopped playing games and did your homework. — ikkala fe’l ham o‘tmish shaklida.
- 15. I’d rather not talk about it.
Iltimos va afzallikni jonli mashq qiling
Bu iboralarning eng ko‘p ishlatiladigan joyi — kundalik muloyim iltimos va rejalashtirish: I’d rather…, It’s time we…, I’d prefer it if…. BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan dam olish kunlari rejasi yoki oila bilan kelishuv kabi vaziyatlarni ovoz chiqarib o‘ynang va would rather dan keyin to qo‘ymaslikka e’tibor bering. Ilova grammatik xatolarni ko‘rsatadi; bu mashq uchun fikr, rasmiy baho emas. Maslahat va ogohlantirishning boshqa usuli — had better va ought to: had better va ought to.
