Wish va if only haqiqatda boshqacha bo‘lishini xohlagan narsamizni aytadi. Qoida bitta: fe’l bir qadam orqaga suriladi. Hozirgi holatdan norozi bo‘lsangiz — wish + Past Simple: I wish I had a bigger room. O‘tmishdagi voqeaga afsus — wish + Past Perfect: I wish I hadn’t eaten that last samsa. Boshqa odamning odati yoki biror narsa jonga tegsa — wish + would: I wish you would stop interrupting me.
If only xuddi shunday ishlaydi, faqat hissiyoti kuchliroq: If only I had more time! O‘zbekchada bularning hammasi “qani edi”, “-sa edi”, “-ganimda edi” bilan aytiladi.
To‘rt qolip bitta jadvalda
| Qolip | Vaqt va ma’no | Misol | O‘zbekcha |
|---|---|---|---|
| wish + Past Simple | hozirgi holatdan norozilik | I wish I lived near the metro. | Qani edi metro yaqinida yashasam. |
| wish + could | hozirgi qobiliyat yetishmasligi | I wish I could play the doira. | Doira chala olsam edi. |
| wish + Past Perfect | o‘tmishga afsus | I wish I had studied harder at school. | Maktabda yaxshiroq o‘qiganimda edi. |
| wish + would | boshqalarning xatti-harakatidan shikoyat | I wish the neighbours would turn the music down. | Qo‘shnilar musiqani pasaytirsa edi. |
Bu mantiq second conditional va third conditional bilan bir xil: hozir haqida gapirganda o‘tgan zamon, o‘tmish haqida — had + V3. Farqi shundaki, wish da natija qismi yo‘q, faqat istak qoladi.
Wish + Past Simple: hozir boshqacha bo‘lsa edi
Bu qolip hozirgi haqiqatga zid istakni bildiradi. Fe’l o‘tgan zamonda bo‘lsa ham, gap hozir haqida:
- I wish I knew the answer. — Qani edi javobni bilsam. (Bilmayman.)
- She wishes she didn’t have to work on Saturdays. — U shanba kunlari ishlamasa edi, deydi.
- I wish it wasn’t so hot in Termez in July. — Iyulda Termizda bunchalik issiq bo‘lmasa edi.
- We wish our flat had a balcony. — Kvartiramizning balkoni bo‘lsa edi.
Be fe’li bilan rasmiyroq uslubda were ishlatiladi: I wish I were taller. I wish it were Friday. Kundalik nutqda was ham to‘g‘ri eshitiladi, lekin yozma ishda were xavfsizroq.
Wish + Past Perfect: o‘tmishni o‘zgartirib bo‘lmaydi
O‘tmishdagi qaror yoki voqeaga afsus bildirganda:
- I wish I had bought that jacket. Now it’s sold out. — O‘sha kurtkani olganimda edi. Endi tugab qolibdi.
- He wishes he hadn’t shouted at his sister. — U singlisiga baqirmaganida edi, deb afsuslanyapti.
- I wish you had told me earlier. — Menga oldinroq aytganingizda edi.
- Do you wish you had studied abroad? — Chet elda o‘qimaganingizga afsuslanasizmi?
Afsusning teskarisi ham foydali ibora: I have no regrets yoki I don’t regret it — “afsuslanmayman”.
Wish + would: shikoyat va sabrsizlik
Wish + would boshqa odam (yoki narsa) biror ishni qilishini yoki to‘xtatishini xohlaganimizda ishlatiladi. Ohangi ko‘pincha norozi:
- I wish you would stop checking your phone at dinner. — Kechki ovqatda telefonga qarashni to‘xtatsang edi.
- I wish the bus would come. We’ve been waiting for forty minutes. — Avtobus kelsa edi.
- I wish it would stop raining. — Yomg‘ir to‘xtasa edi.
Ikkita cheklov bor:
- **O‘zingiz haqida would ishlatilmaydi.** I wish I would… noto‘g‘ri. O‘z odatingizni o‘zgartirmoqchi bo‘lsangiz: I wish I could stop eating sweets yoki I wish I didn’t eat so many sweets.
- Doimiy holat uchun emas, harakat uchun. I wish my brother would be taller — xato, bo‘y harakat emas. To‘g‘risi: I wish my brother were taller.
If only: kuchliroq, hissiyotli
If only ham wish qoidasiga bo‘ysunadi, lekin ko‘pincha undov bilan va yolg‘iz gap sifatida aytiladi:
- If only I had a car! — Qani endi mashinam bo‘lsa!
- If only we had left five minutes earlier! — Voy, besh daqiqa oldin chiqqanimizda edi!
- If only he would listen to me! — Qani endi u gapimga quloq solsa!
If only dan keyin natija qismi ham kelishi mumkin — shunda u oddiy shart gapga aylanadi: If only I had known, I would have come. Adabiy uslubda I wish dan ko‘ra ta’sirliroq eshitiladi, lekin kundalik gapda I wish ko‘proq.
Wish va hope: “tilayman” tuzog‘i
O‘zbekcha “tilayman” va “umid qilaman” inglizchada uch xil yo‘l bilan aytiladi, va aynan shu yerda eng ko‘p xato chiqadi.
| Nima demoqchisiz | Inglizcha | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| real kelajakka umid | hope + present / will | I hope you pass the exam. — Imtihondan o‘tishingizga umid qilaman. |
| haqiqatga zid istak | wish + past | I wish you were here. — Shu yerda bo‘lsang edi. |
| tabrik, tilak (ot bilan) | wish + kishi + ot | I wish you a happy birthday. — Tug‘ilgan kuningiz muborak bo‘lsin. |
To‘yda yoki bayramda “Sizga baxt tilayman” demoqchi bo‘lsangiz: I wish you happiness yoki I wish you all the best. Lekin I wish you will be happy — xato, bu yerda hope kerak: I hope you’ll be very happy.
Yaqin qoliplar ham bor: It’s time we went home va I’d rather you didn’t smoke here — ularda ham fe’l o‘tgan zamonga suriladi. Bu iboralar it’s time va would rather sahifasida.
“Qani edi” ni tarjima qilishdagi xatolar
| Noto‘g‘ri | To‘g‘ri | Izoh |
|---|---|---|
| I wish I have more money. | I wish I had more money. | hozir haqida — past |
| I wish I didn’t go to that party yesterday. | I wish I hadn’t gone to that party yesterday. | o‘tmish — past perfect |
| I wish I would speak English fluently. | I wish I could speak English fluently. | o‘zingiz haqida would emas |
| I wish you pass your exam. | I hope you pass your exam. | real kelajak — hope |
| I wish it will be sunny tomorrow. | I hope it’ll be sunny tomorrow. | wish dan keyin will yo‘q |
| If only I would have known! | If only I had known! | o‘tmish — had + V3 |
Qo‘shnilar haqida: qisqa suhbat
Nigora va uning onasi yangi kvartiraga ko‘chishganiga bir hafta bo‘ldi.
Nigora: Mum, I wish we had stayed in our old flat. I can’t sleep here.
Mum: It’s the neighbours’ dog, isn’t it? I wish it would stop barking at night.
Nigora: And I wish the lift worked. Nine floors every day!
Mum: If only we had checked the building before we signed the contract.
Nigora: Well, at least the view is nice. I wish Dad could see it.
Mum: He’ll come in the spring. I hope the lift is fixed by then.
Oxirgi gapga e’tibor bering: liftning tuzatilishi real kelajak, shuning uchun hope, wish emas.
Mashq: 14 ta gap
A. Qavsdagi fe’lni to‘g‘ri shaklda yozing.
- 1. I wish I ______ (have) more free time. I’m always busy.
- 2. She wishes she ______ (not / sell) her old guitar last year.
- 3. I wish you ______ (stop) leaving your socks on the floor!
- 4. I wish I ______ (can) drive. I have to take taxis everywhere.
- 5. If only we ______ (book) the tickets earlier! Now they’re all gone.
- 6. I wish I ______ (be) better at maths.
- 7. He wishes he ______ (listen) to his teacher’s advice before the exam.
- 8. I wish it ______ (stop) snowing. I want to go out.
B. Wish yoki hope?
- 9. I ______ you enjoy your trip to Khiva.
- 10. I ______ I were on holiday right now.
- 11. We ______ you a Happy New Year.
C. Xatoni toping va tuzating.
- 12. I wish I would have a sister.
- 13. I wish I didn’t say that to her yesterday.
- 14. I wish tomorrow will be a holiday.
Javoblar
- 1. had — hozirgi holat: vaqtim yo‘q.
- 2. hadn’t sold — o‘tmish, last year.
- 3. would stop — boshqa odamning odatidan shikoyat.
- 4. could — hozirgi qobiliyat yo‘q.
- 5. had booked — o‘tmishga afsus.
- 6. were (was) — be bilan were rasmiyroq.
- 7. had listened — imtihondan oldin, o‘tmish.
- 8. would stop — tashqi narsa (ob-havo) o‘zgarishini xohlash.
- 9. hope — real kelajak.
- 10. wish — haqiqatga zid: hozir ta’tilda emasman.
- 11. wish — wish + kishi + ot, tabrik.
- 12. I wish I had a sister. — o‘zingiz va holat haqida would yo‘q.
- 13. I wish I hadn’t said that to her yesterday. — o‘tmish uchun past perfect.
- 14. I hope tomorrow will be a holiday. yoki I wish tomorrow were a holiday. — birinchisi umid, ikkinchisi (ertaga bayram emasligini bilsangiz) istak.
Shart gaplarning boshqa turlari bilan birga ko‘rish uchun shart gaplar xaritasi sahifasiga o‘ting.
Istak va afsuslarni ovoz chiqarib aytish
I wish ni yozganda to‘g‘ri qo‘yasiz, jonli gapda esa I wish I have ko‘p eshitiladi. BandMate ilovasida Bandi sizdan orzu va o‘tmishdagi qarorlaringiz haqida so‘raydi, siz ovoz chiqarib javob berasiz va fe’l zamonlaridagi xatolarni ko‘rasiz. Hozir sinab ko‘ring: uchta gap ayting — hozirgi hayotingiz haqida I wish I…, o‘tmish haqida I wish I had… va bitta tanishingizning odati haqida I wish he/she would…
BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling
