Joy predloglari: in, on, under, behind, opposite rasmlar bilan

Narsa qayerda turganini aytish uchun ingliz tilida ot oldidan predlog qo‘yiladi: in the box (quti ichida), on the table (stol ustida), under the bed (karavot tagida), next to the door (eshik yonida). O‘zbekchada esa bu ma’no otdan keyin keladi: “quti ichida”, “stol ustida”. Demak, tarjima qilganda so‘z tartibini aylantirasiz: ichida → in, ustida → on, tagida → under.

Hoziroq atrofingizga qarang va bitta gap ayting: My phone is on the desk, next to the cup. Ikki predlog, ikki joy — bitta gapda.

Asosiy 10 predlog va o‘zbekcha “-da” shakllari

O‘zbek tilida joyni ko‘pincha “ot + ko‘makchi ot + -da” bilan aytamiz: stolning ustida, uyning orqasida. Ingliz tilida bu uch qism bitta predlogga aylanadi.

Inglizcha	O‘zbekcha	Misol
in	ichida, -da	The keys are in my bag. — Kalitlar sumkamda.
on	ustida, -da (sirtda)	The photo is on the wall. — Rasm devorda.
under	tagida, ostida	The cat is under the car. — Mushuk mashina tagida.
next to / beside	yonida (tegib turgan)	Sit next to me. — Yonimga o‘tiring.
near	yaqinida	We live near the metro. — Metro yaqinida yashaymiz.
between	orasida (ikkitasi)	The pharmacy is between the bank and the café.
behind	orqasida	The car park is behind the school.
in front of	oldida	Wait in front of the cinema. — Kinoteatr oldida kuting.
opposite	ro‘parasida, qarshisida	The bazaar is opposite the mosque.
above / below	tepasida / pastida	The clock is above the door.

in: the ball is in the box — ichida: to‘p quti ichida — **in: the ball is in the box**ichida: to‘p quti ichida

on: the ball is on the box — ustida: to‘p quti ustida — **on: the ball is on the box**ustida: to‘p quti ustida

under: the ball is under the table — tagida: to‘p stol tagida — **under: the ball is under the table**tagida: to‘p stol tagida

next to: the cube is next to the cylinder — yonida: kub silindr yonida — **next to: the cube is next to the cylinder**yonida: kub silindr yonida

near: two houses near each other — yaqinida: ikki uy bir-biriga yaqin — **near: two houses near each other**yaqinida: ikki uy bir-biriga yaqin

opposite: two shops opposite each other — ro‘parasida: ikki do‘kon yo‘lning ikki tomonida — **opposite: two shops opposite each other**ro‘parasida: ikki do‘kon yo‘lning ikki tomonida

Rasmlardagi farqni ko‘ring: next to — ikki narsa bir-biriga tegib yoki juda yaqin turadi; near — uzoq emas, lekin yonma-yon bo‘lishi shart emas; opposite — orada yo‘l yoki bo‘shliq bor, ikkalasi bir-biriga qarab turadi.

Xonada: uyingizni tasvirlang

Uy haqida gapirganda joy predloglari there is / there are bilan birga keladi. Bir oddiy o‘zbek xonadonining mehmonxonasini tasvirlab ko‘ramiz:

There is a big carpet on the floor. — Polda katta gilam bor.
The TV is on the wall opposite the sofa. — Televizor divan ro‘parasidagi devorda.
There is a low table in front of the sofa. — Divan oldida past stol bor.
The kurpachas are in the cupboard, behind the glass doors. — Ko‘rpachalar shkafda, oyna eshiklar orqasida.
A lamp hangs above the table. — Stol tepasida chiroq osilib turibdi.
The children’s shoes are under the bench, next to the door. — Bolalarning oyoq kiyimi eshik yonidagi o‘rindiq tagida.

There is/are qurilmasini to‘liq ko‘rish uchun there is va there are sahifasiga o‘ting. Uy jihozlarining nomlari esa uy jihozlari inglizcha lug‘atida rasmlar bilan berilgan.

Mahallada: shahar joylari va predloglar

Ko‘chada joy tasvirlaganda opposite, between, next to, on the corner eng ko‘p ishlatiladi.

The pharmacy is between the bank and the supermarket. — Dorixona bank bilan supermarket orasida.
The bus stop is opposite the school. — Bekat maktabning ro‘parasida.
There’s a small bakery on the corner of our street. — Ko‘chamizning muyulishida kichik nonvoyxona bor.
The mosque is behind the park. — Masjid bog‘ orqasida.
Our house is near the bazaar, so we buy bread there every morning.

Diqqat: ko‘cha muyulishi on the corner (ko‘chada), xonaning burchagi esa in the corner (ichkarida): The TV is in the corner of the room.

Juftliklar: bir so‘z farq qiladi, joy boshqacha bo‘ladi

Gap	Ma’nosi
The bank is in front of* the school.*	Bank maktab oldida (ko‘chaning shu tomonida).
The bank is opposite* the school.*	Bank maktab ro‘parasida (ko‘chaning narigi tomonida).
The lamp is above* the table.*	Chiroq stol tepasida, tegmaydi.
There’s a cloth over* the table.*	Stolni dasturxon yopib turibdi.
The keys are under* the book.*	Kalitlar kitob tagida (kitob ustini yopib turibdi).
The flat is below* ours.*	Kvartira biznikidan pastda (to‘g‘ri tagida bo‘lmasligi ham mumkin).
He is sitting behind* the bus.*	U avtobusning orqasida (tashqarida).
He is sitting at the back of* the bus.*	U avtobusning orqa qismida (ichida).
She is in the front of* the car.*	U mashinaning old o‘rindig‘ida.
She is in front of* the car.*	U mashina oldida (tashqarida) turibdi.

Oxirgi ikki juftlik ayniqsa qiziq: bitta the so‘zi odamni mashina ichiga yoki tashqarisiga joylashtiradi.

Between va among, next to va near

Between ikki narsa (yoki aniq ajralib turgan narsalar) orasida: between the bank and the café. Among esa ko‘p narsalar qurshovida, aniq chegara yo‘q: a small house among the trees — daraxtlar orasidagi kichik uy.

Next to va beside deyarli bir xil: tegib turgan yoki juda yaqin. Near esa “uzoq emas”: The school is near our house — uydan besh daqiqalik yo‘l bo‘lishi mumkin. Near dan keyin to qo‘yish shart emas; near the metro eng tabiiy shakl.

Ko‘makchi otni tarjima qilmang: -ning ustida tuzog‘i

O‘zbekchadagi “stolning tagida” tuzilmasini so‘zma-so‘z o‘girish tipik xatolarni keltirib chiqaradi. Rus tilida so‘zlashuvchilar ham напротив va перед ni aralashtirib yuborishadi.

Noto‘g‘ri	To‘g‘ri	Nega
The ball is in the under of the table.	The ball is under the table.	“tagida” bitta predlog: under.
The shop is opposite of the bank.	The shop is opposite the bank.	Britaniya inglizchasida of kerak emas; Amerikada across from the bank.
Wait in front the cinema.	Wait in front of the cinema.	In front of uch so‘zdan iborat, of tushmaydi.
The picture is in the wall.	The picture is on the wall.	Devor sirt: on.
He lives near from me.	He lives near me.	Near dan keyin from kelmaydi.
I sat next the window.	I sat next to the window.	Next to ikki so‘z.

Vaqt va manzil uchun in, on, at tanlash boshqa mavzu; u in, on, at farqi jadvalida batafsil yoritilgan.

Dialog: yangi ijaradagi uyda kalitni qidirish

Madina: Have you seen my car keys? I can’t find them anywhere.

Bekzod: Did you look in your bag?

Madina: Yes, they aren’t in my bag or on the table.

Bekzod: Maybe they’re under the sofa. The cat plays with everything.

Madina: No… Wait, what’s that behind the curtain, next to the window?

Bekzod: That’s the cat. And look — your keys are between its paws!

Dialogda oltita joy predlogi bor: in, on, under, behind, next to, between. Ularni ovoz chiqarib o‘qing, har predlogda qo‘lingiz bilan joyni ko‘rsating: harakat yodlashga yordam beradi.

Mashq: 15 ta gap

A. Predlogni tanlang: in, on, under, next to, between, behind, in front of, opposite, above.

1. The milk is ______ the fridge.
2. There’s a clock ______ the door, near the ceiling.
3. My shoes are ______ the bed. I can see them if I bend down.
4. The letter “B” is ______ “A” and “C”.
5. Please don’t park ______ the gate. We can’t get out.
6. The bank is ______ the pharmacy — just cross the road.
7. There’s a garden ______ the house. You can’t see it from the street.
8. My sister always sits ______ me at dinner, on my left.
9. There’s a map ______ the wall of our classroom.

B. Mos kelmaydigan predlogni tuzating.

10. The cinema is opposite of the park.
11. Put the books in the table, please.
12. Our flat is near from the metro.
13. I’ll wait you in front the museum.

C. Farqni tushuntiring.

14. She’s in the front of the taxi va She’s in front of the taxi.
15. The café is in the corner va The café is on the corner.

Javoblar

1 — in; 2 — above; 3 — under; 4 — between; 5 — in front of; 6 — opposite; 7 — behind; 8 — next to; 9 — on.

10 — The cinema is opposite the park. 11 — Put the books on the table, please. 12 — Our flat is near the metro. 13 — I’ll wait for you in front of the museum.

Izohlar:

2-gap: soat eshik tepasida, unga tegmaydi — above.
5-gap: mashina darvoza oldida, chiqishni to‘sadi — in front of.
6-gap: “yo‘lni kesib o‘ting” — demak, ro‘parada: opposite.
8-gap: yonma-yon, tegib o‘tiradi — next to.
13-gap: ikki xato: wait for (kutmoq) va in front of. Wait for kabi fe’l birikmalari fe’l va predlog sahifasida.
14-gap: birinchisi — taksining old o‘rindig‘ida (ichida); ikkinchisi — taksi oldida (tashqarida).
15-gap: in the corner — biror bino yoki xona ichidagi burchakda (masalan, savdo markazining bir chetida); on the corner — ko‘cha muyulishida.

Harakatni bildiruvchi into, through, across keyingi qadamda: harakat predloglari sahifasida yo‘l ko‘rsatish misollari bor. Vaqt va joy predloglarini aralash tekshirmoqchi bo‘lsangiz, predloglar mashqlari sahifasida 35 ta topshiriq to‘plangan.

Xonangizni Bandiga tasvirlab bering

Joy predloglari yozuvda oson, ammo og‘zaki tasvirda on va in, opposite va in front of chalkashib ketadi. BandMate ilovasida Bandi sizdan xonangiz yoki mahallangiz haqida so‘raydi, siz ovoz chiqarib tasvirlaysiz, ilova esa noto‘g‘ri predlogni ko‘rsatib, to‘g‘risini taklif qiladi. Bugun o‘z xonangizdagi beshta narsa qayerda turganini ayting — har gapda boshqa predlog ishlating.

BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling