Ko‘p ingliz fe’llari to‘ldiruvchidan oldin aniq bir predlog talab qiladi: depend on, listen to, wait for, belong to, look at. O‘zbekchada bu vazifani kelishik qo‘shimchasi bajaradi (musiqani tinglamoq, senga bog‘liq), va u ko‘pincha ingliz predlogiga mos kelmaydi. Shuning uchun fe’lni doim predlogi bilan birga, bitta birikma sifatida yodlang.
Tezkor misol: It depends on the weather. — Ob-havoga bog‘liq. O‘zbekcha -ga, ruscha от, inglizcha esa on. Hech biri bir-biriga o‘xshamaydi.
Kelishik qo‘shimchasi predlogni “aytib bermaydi”
Bu sahifada 40 ta fe’l o‘zbekcha kelishik bo‘yicha guruhlangan. Shunday qilib, o‘zbekcha gapni o‘ylaganingizda qaysi joyda xato qilishingiz mumkinligini oldindan ko‘rasiz.
-ni bilan aytiladigan, lekin predlog oladigan fe’llar (8 ta)
O‘zbekchada bu fe’llarda predlog yo‘q, faqat -ni. Shu sababli o‘quvchilar ko‘pincha predlogni tashlab ketadi: I listen music, wait me.
| Inglizcha | O‘zbekcha | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| listen to | …ni tinglamoq | I listen to podcasts on the metro. |
| wait for | …ni kutmoq | Wait for me at the entrance. |
| look for | …ni qidirmoq | I’m looking for my charger. |
| search for | …ni izlamoq | Police are searching for the driver. |
| ask for | …ni so‘ramoq | Ask for the bill, please. |
| look after | …ga qaramoq, …ni parvarish qilmoq | Grandma looks after the baby. |
| pay for | …ning pulini to‘lamoq | Who paid for the taxi? |
| dream of / about | …ni orzu qilmoq | She dreams of studying in Korea. |
-ga bilan aytiladigan fe’llar (12 ta)
-ga eng aldamchi qo‘shimcha: inglizchada u to, on, at, in, for, into bo‘lib ketadi.
| Inglizcha | O‘zbekcha | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| depend on | …ga bog‘liq | The price depends on the size. |
| rely on | …ga tayanmoq | You can rely on Sardor. |
| concentrate on | …ga diqqatni qaratmoq | I can’t concentrate on my work. |
| spend (money) on | …ga sarflamoq | He spends a lot on taxis. |
| look at | …ga qaramoq | Look at this photo! |
| smile at | …ga jilmaymoq | The baby smiled at me. |
| point at | …ga ishora qilmoq | Don’t point at people. |
| belong to | …ga tegishli | This bag belongs to Malika. |
| reply to | …ga javob yozmoq | Please reply to my email. |
| believe in | …ga ishonmoq (borligiga, kuchiga) | I believe in hard work. |
| apply for | …ga ariza bermoq | She applied for a grant. |
| translate into | …ga tarjima qilmoq | Translate this into English. |
-dan bilan aytiladigan fe’llar (7 ta)
Bu yerda eng ko‘p from xatosi chiqadi: ruscha зависеть от va o‘zbekcha -dan bir-birini kuchaytiradi.
| Inglizcha | O‘zbekcha | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| suffer from | …dan aziyat chekmoq | He suffers from headaches. |
| recover from | …dan tuzalmoq | She recovered from the flu quickly. |
| borrow from | …dan qarz olmoq | I borrowed a book from my teacher. |
| consist of | …dan iborat | The test consists of four parts. |
| worry about | …dan xavotirlanmoq | Don’t worry about me. |
| complain about | …dan shikoyat qilmoq | Neighbours complained about the noise. |
| apologise to / for | …dan kechirim so‘ramoq / …uchun | I apologised to Aziz for being late. |
Apologise qiziq: kimdan — to, nima uchun — for. O‘zbekcha -dan bu yerda to ga aylanadi.
Bilan, haqida, uchun: 13 ta fe’l
| Inglizcha | O‘zbekcha | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| agree with | …bilan rozi bo‘lmoq (fikrga, odamga) | I agree with you. |
| argue with | …bilan tortishmoq | Stop arguing with your brother. |
| deal with | …bilan shug‘ullanmoq, hal qilmoq | The manager will deal with it. |
| share with | …bilan bo‘lishmoq | Share the plov with the neighbours. |
| talk to | …bilan gaplashmoq | I need to talk to you. |
| congratulate on | …bilan tabriklamoq | We congratulated her on her wedding. |
| think about | …haqida o‘ylamoq | I’m thinking about a new job. |
| hear about | …haqida eshitmoq | Did you hear about the new metro line? |
| know about | …haqida bilmoq | What do you know about Khiva? |
| care about | …ga befarq bo‘lmaslik | He really cares about his students. |
| laugh at | …ning ustidan kulmoq | Don’t laugh at his accent. |
| thank for | …uchun rahmat aytmoq | Thank you for your help. |
| vote for | …ga ovoz bermoq | Who did you vote for? |
Jami: 8 + 12 + 7 + 13 = 40 ta fe’l.
Predlogsiz fe’llar: discuss about va call to tuzog‘i
Teskari holat ham bor: o‘zbekcha gapda -ga yoki haqida bo‘lsa ham, ingliz fe’li predlog olmaydi. Bu xatolar IELTS va Multilevel yozuvida ham tez-tez uchraydi.
| Noto‘g‘ri | To‘g‘ri | O‘zbekcha |
|---|---|---|
| We discussed about the problem. | We discussed the problem. | muammo haqida gaplashdik |
| Call to me tomorrow. | Call me tomorrow. | ertaga menga qo‘ng‘iroq qiling |
| Answer to the question. | Answer the question. | savolga javob bering |
| She entered to the room. | She entered the room. | xonaga kirdi |
| He married with a teacher. | He married a teacher. | o‘qituvchiga uylandi |
| Explain me this rule. | Explain this rule to me. | menga bu qoidani tushuntiring |
| It depends from you. | It depends on you. | sizga bog‘liq |
| The book consists from ten chapters. | The book consists of ten chapters. | kitob o‘n bobdan iborat |
Explain alohida e’tiborga loyiq: explain me degan shakl yo‘q. Odam doim to bilan keladi: Can you explain it to me?
Predlog o‘zgarsa, ma’no o‘zgaradi
| Gap | Ma’nosi |
|---|---|
| Look at the board. | Doskaga qarang. |
| I’m looking for a flat. | Kvartira qidiryapman. |
| Who looks after your cat? | Mushugingizga kim qaraydi? |
| I’m thinking about the exam. | Imtihon haqida o‘ylayapman (hozir miyamda). |
| What do you think of the film? | Film haqida fikringiz qanday? |
| I agree with you. | Siz bilan roziman (fikringizga). |
| They agreed to our plan. | Rejamizga rozilik berishdi. |
| He shouted at me. | U menga baqirdi (jahl bilan). |
| He shouted to me. | U menga eshitilsin deb baland ovozda aytdi. |
| Can I ask you something? | Sizdan bir narsa so‘rasam bo‘ladimi? (savol) |
| Can I ask for some water? | Suv so‘rasam bo‘ladimi? (narsa) |
Savolda predlog oxirga ko‘chadi
Fe’l predlog bilan kelsa, so‘roq gapda predlog odatda gap oxirida qoladi. O‘zbekcha tartibdan farqli, bu tabiiy ingliz shakli:
- What are you waiting for? — Nimani kutyapsiz?
- Who does this phone belong to? — Bu telefon kimniki?
- What does it depend on? — Bu nimaga bog‘liq?
- Who are you talking to? — Kim bilan gaplashyapsiz?
So‘roq gap tuzish qoidalari maxsus so‘roq gaplar sahifasida batafsil.
Dialog: ijaraga kvartira qidirish
Aziz: What are you looking for on that website?
Sherzod: A flat near my university. I’m tired of waiting for the bus every morning.
Aziz: How much can you spend on rent?
Sherzod: It depends on the area. My parents will pay for half.
Aziz: My cousin is moving out next month. I can talk to him about his flat.
Sherzod: Really? I’d be happy to share it with someone.
Aziz: OK, I’ll ask him and reply to your message tonight.
Dialogdan to‘qqizta fe’l + predlog birikmasini toping: looking for, waiting for, spend on, depends on, pay for, talk to, share with, ask (predlogsiz — odamdan so‘rash) va reply to.
Mashq: 15 ta gap
A. Predlogni qo‘ying. Kerak bo‘lmasa, “—” qo‘ying.
- 1. Please wait ______ me after class.
- 2. Everything depends ______ the exam results.
- 3. I often listen ______ audiobooks in the car.
- 4. Whose car is this? — It belongs ______ my uncle.
- 5. Let’s discuss ______ the plan tomorrow.
- 6. She apologised ______ her mother for the mess.
- 7. Can you look ______ my plants while I’m in Bukhara?
- 8. He applied ______ a job at a bank.
- 9. Call ______ me when you arrive.
- 10. The group consists ______ twelve students.
B. Xatoni tuzating.
- 11. Explain me the homework, please.
- 12. I agree to you completely.
- 13. We congratulated him with his birthday.
C. Savol tuzing, predlog oxirida qolsin.
- 14. (you / listen to / what)
- 15. (this key / belong to / who)
Javoblar
1 — for; 2 — on; 3 — to; 4 — to; 5 — —; 6 — to; 7 — after; 8 — for; 9 — —; 10 — of.
11 — Explain the homework to me, please. 12 — I agree with you completely. 13 — We congratulated him on his birthday.
14 — What are you listening to? 15 — Who does this key belong to?
Izohlar:
- 2-gap: depend on; from ruscha от ta’sirida chiqadigan xato.
- 5 va 9-gaplar: discuss va call predlogsiz ishlatiladi.
- 6-gap: kimdan kechirim so‘ralsa — to, nima uchun — for.
- 7-gap: “qarab turish, parvarish qilish” — look after.
- 10-gap: “-dan iborat” — consist of.
- 12-gap: odam yoki fikrga rozilik — agree with; agree to taklif va rejaga rozilik.
- 13-gap: o‘zbekcha “bilan tabriklamoq”, inglizcha congratulate on.
Sifatlar ham predlog oladi: interested in, good at, afraid of. Ular sifat va predlog birikmalari sahifasida 40 ta misol bilan berilgan. Ikki qismli fe’llar (look up, give up) boshqa mavzu — phrasal verbs ro‘yxati sahifasida. Aralash mashq uchun predloglar mashqlari sahifasiga o‘ting.
Fe’l va predlogni suhbatda ishlating
Bu birikmalar yod olinganda emas, ketma-ket kunlar davomida gapda ishlatilganda o‘rnashadi. BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan kundalik mavzularda suhbatlashing: What are you waiting for? Who do you rely on? kabi savollarga javob berasiz, depend from yoki discuss about chiqsa, ilova tuzatib beradi. Bugun jadvallardan beshta fe’l tanlang va har biri bilan o‘z hayotingiz haqida bitta gap ayting.
BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling
