Ko‘p ingliz sifatlari o‘zidan keyin ma’lum bir predlog talab qiladi va uni mantiq bilan topib bo‘lmaydi, faqat birikma sifatida yodlanadi: interested in, good at, afraid of, proud of, married to. O‘zbekcha qo‘shimchani tarjima qilsangiz, xato chiqadi: “-dan qo‘rqaman” afraid from emas, afraid of; “-ga qiziqaman” interested to emas, interested in.
Birinchi yutuq uchun bitta gap yodlang va o‘zingiz haqingizda ayting: I’m interested in IT, I’m good at maths, and I’m afraid of spiders. Uch predlog, uch birikma.
Nega o‘zbekcha qo‘shimcha yordam bermaydi
O‘zbek tilida sifatdan keyin keladigan ot kelishik qo‘shimchasini oladi: matematikaga qiziqadi, itdan qo‘rqadi, o‘g‘li bilan faxrlanadi. Rus tilida esa интересоваться чем, бояться чего, гордиться кем. Ikkala til ham ingliz predlogini “taxmin qilish”ga undaydi va noto‘g‘ri variant beradi.
| O‘zbekcha | Qo‘shimchani so‘zma-so‘z o‘girish | To‘g‘ri |
|---|---|---|
| futbolga qiziqaman | interested to football | interested in football |
| itdan qo‘rqaman | afraid from dogs | afraid of dogs |
| o‘g‘lim bilan faxrlanaman | proud with my son | proud of my son |
| unga turmushga chiqqan | married with him | married to him |
| menga jahli chiqdi | angry on me | angry with me |
| matematikada kuchli | good in maths | good at maths |
| palovi bilan mashhur | famous with its plov | famous for its plov |
Shuning uchun eng yaxshi usul — birikmalarni predlog bo‘yicha guruhlab yodlash. Quyida 40 ta eng ko‘p ishlatiladigan birikma to‘qqiz predlog bo‘yicha olti jadvalga ajratilgan.
About: xavotir va hayajon (6 ta)
| Birikma | O‘zbekcha | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| worried about | …dan xavotirda | I’m worried about my exam results. |
| nervous about | …dan hayajonda | She’s nervous about the interview. |
| excited about | …dan quvongan, intiqlik bilan kutyapti | The kids are excited about Navruz. |
| upset about | …dan xafa | He’s upset about the score. |
| sure about | …ga ishonchi komil | Are you sure about the time? |
| sorry about | …uchun afsusdaman | I’m sorry about the noise last night. |
Of: qo‘rquv, faxr, charchoq (8 ta)
| Birikma | O‘zbekcha | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| afraid of | …dan qo‘rqadi | My sister is afraid of the dark. |
| scared of | …dan cho‘chiydi | Are you scared of flying? |
| proud of | …bilan faxrlanadi | We’re proud of our grandfather. |
| tired of | …dan jonga tekkan, zerikkan | I’m tired of waiting. |
| fond of | …ni yaxshi ko‘radi | Grandma is fond of old songs. |
| jealous of | …ga hasad qiladi | Don’t be jealous of his new phone. |
| aware of | …dan xabardor | Are you aware of the new rules? |
| full of | …ga to‘la | Registan was full of tourists. |
At: qobiliyat va hayrat (5 ta)
| Birikma | O‘zbekcha | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| good at | …da kuchli, …ni yaxshi biladi | Aziz is good at chess. |
| bad at | …da bo‘sh | I’m bad at remembering names. |
| brilliant at | …da juda zo‘r | She’s brilliant at drawing. |
| terrible at | …ni umuman eplay olmaydi | He’s terrible at cooking. |
| surprised at / by | …dan hayron | I was surprised at the price. |
In va with: qiziqish va mamnunlik (9 ta)
| Birikma | O‘zbekcha | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| interested in | …ga qiziqadi | I’m interested in history. |
| involved in | …da ishtirok etadi | He’s involved in a startup at IT Park. |
| rich in | …ga boy | Apricots are rich in vitamins. |
| bored with | …dan zerikkan | The students are bored with the same exercises. |
| fed up with | …dan to‘yib ketgan | I’m fed up with the traffic. |
| pleased with | …dan mamnun | The teacher was pleased with my essay. |
| satisfied with | …dan qoniqqan | Are you satisfied with the service? |
| angry with | …ga jahli chiqqan (odamga) | Mum was angry with me. |
| busy with | …bilan band | I’m busy with my homework. |
To: odamga munosabat va o‘xshashlik (6 ta)
| Birikma | O‘zbekcha | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| kind to | …ga mehribon | Be kind to your neighbours. |
| polite to | …ga xushmuomala | She is always polite to customers. |
| rude to | …ga qo‘pol | He was rude to the waiter. |
| married to | …ga uylangan / turmushga chiqqan | Dilnoza is married to a doctor. |
| similar to | …ga o‘xshash | Uzbek is similar to Turkish in some ways. |
| related to | …ga qarindosh, …ga aloqador | Are you related to Farrux? |
For, from, on: sabab, farq va ishtiyoq (6 ta)
| Birikma | O‘zbekcha | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| famous for | …bilan mashhur | Samarkand is famous for its madrasas. |
| responsible for | …uchun javobgar | Who is responsible for this project? |
| late for | …ga kechikdi | Don’t be late for the lesson. |
| ready for | …ga tayyor | Are you ready for the test? |
| different from | …dan farq qiladi | British English is different from American English. |
| keen on | …ga ishqiboz, …ni juda xohlaydi | My son is keen on football. |
Jami: 6 + 8 + 5 + 9 + 6 + 6 = 40 ta birikma.
Bitta sifat, ikki predlog: ma’no o‘zgaradi
Ba’zi sifatlar ikki xil predlog bilan keladi, va predlog ma’noni o‘zgartiradi.
| Gap | Ma’nosi |
|---|---|
| She’s good at languages. | U tillarni yaxshi o‘rganadi (qobiliyat). |
| Walking is good for you. | Piyoda yurish sizga foydali. |
| He was very good to me. | U menga juda yaxshi munosabatda bo‘ldi. |
| She’s good with children. | U bolalar bilan til topisha oladi. |
| I’m tired from work. | Ishdan charchadim (jismonan). |
| I’m tired of this work. | Bu ishdan jonim to‘ydi. |
| I’m sorry about the mess. | Tartibsizlik uchun uzr (vaziyat uchun). |
| I feel sorry for him. | Unga achinaman (odamga). |
| She’s angry with her brother. | Akasidan (odamdan) jahli chiqqan. |
| She’s angry about the delay. | Kechikishdan (vaziyatdan) jahli chiqqan. |
Predlogdan keyin -ing: interested in learning
Predlogdan keyin fe’l kelsa, u doim -ing shaklida bo‘ladi, to emas:
- Noto‘g‘ri: I’m interested in to learn Korean.
- To‘g‘ri: I’m interested in learning Korean.
- Noto‘g‘ri: She is good at speak English.
- To‘g‘ri: She is good at speaking English.
Istisno ko‘rinadigan holat: afraid to ham bor, lekin ma’nosi boshqa. I’m afraid of flying — uchishdan qo‘rqaman (umuman); I’m afraid to ask him — undan so‘rashga yuragim betlamayapti (aniq harakatga jur’at yo‘q). Fe’l shakllari haqida batafsil gerund va infinitive farqi sahifasida. Interested va interesting ning farqi esa bored va boring qo‘llanmasida.
Dialog: universitet ochiq eshiklar kunida
Kamila: Hi! Are you interested in the computer science programme?
Otabek: Yes, I’m really keen on programming. But I’m a bit worried about the entrance test.
Kamila: Don’t be nervous about it. What are you good at?
Otabek: I’m good at maths, but I’m bad at English grammar, especially prepositions.
Kamila: Everyone is! I was terrible at them too. Now I’m quite proud of my IELTS score.
Otabek: That’s great. I’m tired of making the same mistakes.
Dialogda to‘qqizta birikma bor. Har birini topib, o‘zbekchaga tarjima qiling: “…ga qiziqasizmi”, “…ga ishqibozman”, “…dan xavotirdaman” va hokazo.
Mashq: 15 ta gap
A. Predlogni qo‘ying.
- 1. My little brother is afraid ______ cats.
- 2. Are you interested ______ football?
- 3. Samarkand is famous ______ its blue domes.
- 4. I’m not very good ______ singing.
- 5. She’s married ______ an engineer from Andijan.
- 6. The bazaar was full ______ people before the holiday.
- 7. Our parents are proud ______ us.
- 8. This phone is very similar ______ mine.
- 9. I’m fed up ______ this rain.
- 10. Who is responsible ______ the tickets?
B. Xatoni tuzating.
- 11. I’m interested about politics.
- 12. He is angry on his sister.
- 13. She is good in drawing.
- 14. We are excited about to visit Bukhara.
C. Ma’no farqini tushuntiring.
- 15. I’m tired from the trip va I’m tired of the trip.
Javoblar
1 — of; 2 — in; 3 — for; 4 — at; 5 — to; 6 — of; 7 — of; 8 — to; 9 — with; 10 — for.
11 — I’m interested in politics. 12 — He is angry with his sister. 13 — She is good at drawing. 14 — We are excited about visiting Bukhara.
15 — birinchisi: safardan jismonan charchadim; ikkinchisi: safar jonimga tegdi, tugashini xohlayman.
Izohlar:
- 1-gap: o‘zbekcha “-dan qo‘rqadi”, lekin inglizchada afraid of, from emas.
- 5-gap: “bilan turmush qurgan” — married to; with xato.
- 7-gap: “bilan faxrlanadi” — proud of.
- 9-gap: fed up with — bu birikmani to‘liq holda yodlang.
- 12-gap: rus tilidagi злиться на ta’sirida angry on deyiladi; odamga nisbatan angry with.
- 14-gap: predlogdan keyin fe’l -ing shaklida: about visiting.
Fe’llar ham predlog talab qiladi: depend on, listen to, wait for. Ularni o‘zbekcha kelishiklar bilan solishtirilgan ro‘yxati fe’l va predlog birikmalari sahifasida. His-tuyg‘ularni bildiruvchi boshqa so‘zlar his-tuyg‘ular inglizcha lug‘atida, predloglar bo‘yicha aralash topshiriqlar esa predloglar mashqlari sahifasida.
O‘zingiz haqingizda gapirib, birikmalarni mustahkamlang
Bu birikmalar suhbatda o‘z-o‘zidan chiqishi kerak, aks holda imtihonda ham eslanmaydi. BandMate ilovasida Bandi sizga qiziqishlaringiz, qo‘rquvlaringiz va yutuqlaringiz haqida savol beradi; javobingizda interested about yoki good in chiqsa, ilova to‘g‘ri predlogni ko‘rsatadi. Bugun to‘qqiz predlogning har biridan bittadan birikma olib, o‘zingiz haqingizda to‘qqiz gap ayting.
BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling
