-ed bilan tugagan sifat odamning his-tuyg‘usini bildiradi: I’m bored — Men zerikdim. -ing bilan tugagani esa shu tuyg‘uni keltirib chiqaradigan narsa yoki odamni tasvirlaydi: The meeting is boring — Majlis zerikarli. Shuning uchun I’m boring deganingizda “Men zerikarli odamman” degan ma’no chiqadi.
Qisqa savol yordam beradi: kim his qilyapti? Odam his qilsa — -ed. Narsa yoki vaziyat his qildirsa — -ing.
O‘zbekcha -gan va -arli bilan eslab qolish
O‘zbek tilida ham xuddi shunday ikki shakl bor, faqat biz buni sezmaymiz:
| His qilgan odam (-ed) | His qildiradigan narsa (-ing) |
|---|---|
| zerikkan — bored | zerikarli — boring |
| qiziqqan — interested | qiziqarli — interesting |
| charchagan — tired | charchatadigan — tiring |
| hayratlangan — amazed | hayratlanarli — amazing |
| xavotirda — worried | xavotirli — worrying |
| uyalgan — embarrassed | uyatli, noqulay — embarrassing |
Formula: -ed ≈ -gan (menda), -ing ≈ -arli / -li (unda). The book is interesting — kitob qiziqarli; I’m interested in the book — kitobga qiziqyapman.
Muammo boshqa joyda: o‘zbekchada ko‘pincha fe’l ishlatamiz — “zerikdim”, “charchadim”, “qiziqib qoldim”. Inglizchada esa be + sifat kerak: I’m bored, I’m tired. Tarjima paytida -ed va -ing ni tanlash qiyinlashadi. Rus tilidagi “мне скучно” esa ko‘pincha It’s boring for me yoki I’m boring bo‘lib chiqadi; to‘g‘risi — I’m bored.
14 juft sifat: to‘liq jadval
| -ed (his) | -ing (sabab) | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| bored | boring | I’m bored. This TV show is boring. |
| interested | interesting | She’s interested in history. Her lectures are interesting. |
| tired | tiring | I’m tired after a tiring day at work. |
| excited | exciting | The kids are excited. The trip to Chimgan is exciting. |
| surprised | surprising | I was surprised by the result. The result was surprising. |
| amazed | amazing | We were amazed by the view. The view was amazing. |
| worried | worrying | Mum is worried. The news is worrying. |
| embarrassed | embarrassing | I felt embarrassed. It was an embarrassing mistake. |
| confused | confusing | I’m confused. These instructions are confusing. |
| relaxed | relaxing | I feel relaxed. A walk in the park is relaxing. |
| annoyed | annoying | He’s annoyed. The noise is annoying. |
| disappointed | disappointing | Fans were disappointed. The match was disappointing. |
| frightened | frightening | The child was frightened. The film was frightening. |
| satisfied | satisfying | I’m satisfied with my score. It’s a satisfying job. |
Har juftlikni o‘zingizga moslab bitta gap bilan ayting. Juft so‘zning ma’nosini bir marta tushunsangiz, qolganlari o‘z-o‘zidan keladi, chunki qoida hamma juftda bir xil ishlaydi.
Rasmlarda: kim his qilyapti?
Juft gaplar: bir harf, boshqa ma’no
Quyidagi juftliklarda faqat oxirgi qism o‘zgaradi, lekin gapning ma’nosi butunlay boshqa:
| -ed | -ing |
|---|---|
| My new colleague is interested. — Yangi hamkasbim qiziqyapti (mavzuga). | My new colleague is interesting. — Yangi hamkasbim qiziq odam. |
| The guests were bored. — Mehmonlar zerikdi. | The guests were boring. — Mehmonlar zerikarli odamlar edi. |
| The driver was confused. — Haydovchi chalkashib qoldi. | The driver was confusing. — Haydovchi chalkash tushuntirdi. |
| I’m tired. — Charchadim. | I’m tiring. — Men odamni charchataman (kamdan-kam aytiladi). |
| The teacher was annoyed. — O‘qituvchining jahli chiqdi. | The teacher was annoying. — O‘qituvchi asabga tegdi. |
Odam haqida -ing sifat ham ishlatiladi, lekin bu uning boshqalarga qanday ta’sir qilishini bildiradi: He’s an interesting speaker — u qiziqarli ma’ruzachi. Bu maqtov. He’s a boring speaker esa aksincha.
Predloglar: interested in, bored with
-ed sifatlardan keyin ko‘pincha ma’lum predlog keladi:
| Sifat | Predlog | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| interested | in | I’m interested in IT. |
| bored | with / of | I’m bored with this game. |
| tired | of (jonga tegdi) | I’m tired of waiting. |
| excited | about | We’re excited about the trip. |
| worried | about | She’s worried about her son. |
| surprised | at / by | I was surprised at the price. |
| disappointed | with / in | He was disappointed with his result. |
Tired ikki ma’noli: I’m tired — charchadim; I’m tired of it — jonimga tegdi. Boshqa sifatlar va predloglar sifat va predlog: interested in sahifasida jamlangan.
-ed qanday o‘qiladi: /t/, /d/ yoki /ɪd/
-ed sifatlar o‘tgan zamon fe’llari kabi o‘qiladi:
- /d/ — bored, tired, worried, surprised, amazed, annoyed, frightened
- /t/ — relaxed, shocked, embarrassed, impressed
- /ɪd/ (qo‘shimcha bo‘g‘in) — faqat t yoki d dan keyin: interested, excited, disappointed, frustrated
Xato: relaxed ni “re-lak-sed” deb uch bo‘g‘in bilan o‘qish. To‘g‘risi — ikki bo‘g‘in: /rɪˈlækst/. Interested esa to‘rt bo‘g‘inli bo‘lishi mumkin, lekin tez nutqda ko‘pincha /ˈɪntrəstɪd/ — uch bo‘g‘in.
Kinoteatrda: film haqida bahs
Laylo va Bekzod filmdan keyin chiqib kelishyapti.
Laylo: So, what did you think? I was so excited about this film.
Bekzod: Honestly? I was bored after twenty minutes.
Laylo: Bored? The story was amazing!
Bekzod: The first part was interesting, I agree. But the middle was really slow and confusing.
Laylo: You were confused because you were checking your phone.
Bekzod: OK, that’s a bit embarrassing. But the ending was disappointing, right?
Laylo: I was surprised by the ending, not disappointed. Let’s watch something relaxing next time. A comedy.
Bekzod: Deal. I’m tired anyway. It was a tiring day.
Dialogdagi har bir sifat oldida savol bering: kim his qilyapti? I was excited, I was bored, you were confused, I’m tired — odamlar. amazing, interesting, confusing, embarrassing, disappointing, relaxing, tiring — film, vaziyat yoki kun.
Film haqida uzunroq gapirish kerak bo‘lsa, IELTS Speaking Part 2: filmni tasvirlash sahifasida tayyor reja bor.
I am boring va I’m interesting in: tuyg‘u xatolari
| Noto‘g‘ri | To‘g‘ri | Nima bo‘ldi |
|---|---|---|
| I am boring at home. | I am bored at home. | “Men zerikarliman” chiqib qoldi |
| I’m interesting in football. | I’m interested in football. | his qiluvchi — siz |
| The exam was very tired. | The exam was very tiring. | imtihon charchatadi |
| I’m very exciting! | I’m very excited! | siz hayajondasiz |
| It is boring for me. | I’m bored. / I find it boring. | inglizcha tabiiy qolip |
| She was surprising when she saw me. | She was surprised… | u hayron bo‘ldi |
| This situation is very embarrassed. | This situation is very embarrassing. | vaziyat noqulay |
Ta’sirchan xato — birinchisi: I’m boring desangiz, suhbatdoshingiz jilmayishi mumkin, lekin siz aytmoqchi bo‘lgan ma’no yo‘qoladi. His-tuyg‘u so‘zlarining kengroq ro‘yxati his-tuyg‘ular inglizcha sahifasida.
Mashq: 14 ta savol
A. To‘g‘ri shaklni tanlang.
- 1. I’m (bored / boring). Let’s go for a walk.
- 2. The traffic in the morning is so (annoyed / annoying).
- 3. My grandfather is (interested / interesting) in politics.
- 4. Moving to a new flat is very (tired / tiring).
- 5. We were (shocked / shocking) by the price of the tickets.
- 6. The instructions on this form are (confused / confusing).
- 7. Are you (excited / exciting) about your trip to Samarkand?
- 8. It was a (disappointed / disappointing) result for our team.
B. Qavsdagi fe’ldan -ed yoki -ing sifat yasang.
- 9. I felt so (embarrass) ______ when I forgot her name.
- 10. Yoga is very (relax) ______.
- 11. The ending of the book was (surprise) ______.
- 12. She’s (worry) ______ about her driving test.
C. Xatoni tuzating.
- 13. I am very interesting in your offer.
- 14. My job is not tired, but it is bored.
Javoblar
- 1. bored — siz zerikdingiz.
- 2. annoying — tirbandlik asabga tegadi.
- 3. interested — bobo qiziqadi, interested in.
- 4. tiring — ko‘chish charchatadi.
- 5. shocked — biz hayratda qoldik.
- 6. confusing — ko‘rsatma chalkash.
- 7. excited — siz hayajondasiz, excited about.
- 8. disappointing — natija ko‘ngilni qoldiradi.
- 9. embarrassed — men uyaldim.
- 10. relaxing — yoga orom beradi.
- 11. surprising — oxiri kutilmagan edi.
- 12. worried — u xavotirda.
- 13. I am very interested in your offer. — his qiluvchi — men.
- 14. My job is not tiring, but it is boring. — ish charchatmaydi, lekin zerikarli.
Sifatlarni solishtirishga o‘tsangiz (more boring, the most interesting), sifat darajalari mashqlari sahifasi yordam beradi.
Kayfiyatingizni Bandi bilan to‘g‘ri ayting
Bu farq tez gapirganda yo‘qoladi: miya “zerikdim” deb o‘ylaydi, til esa boring deydi. Buni yo‘qotishning yagona yo‘li — ovoz chiqarib ko‘p aytish. BandMate ilovasida Bandi suhbatni ko‘pincha kuningiz qanday o‘tgani haqidagi savol bilan boshlaydi; javobingizda -ed/-ing chalkashsa, ilova izoh beradi. Bugun ikkita gap ayting: Today I felt… because… was… Masalan: Today I felt tired because the meeting was really long and boring.
BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling
