Vaqtda at aniq nuqta (at 7 o’clock), on kun yoki sana (on Monday, on 21 March), in undan katta davr (in May, in 2026, in the morning). Joyda at nuqta yoki manzil (at the bus stop), on sirt yoki chiziq (on the wall, on the second floor), in ichki makon yoki hudud (in the room, in Tashkent). Qoidani bilish oson, qiyini — o‘zbekchadagi bitta “-da” qo‘shimchasini uch xil predlogga ajratish.
Vaqt: to‘liq jadval
| Predlog | Qachon | Misollar |
|---|---|---|
| at | Soat va aniq vaqt | at 7 o’clock, at 9:30, at noon, at midnight |
| at | Kun qismlaridan faqat “night” | at night |
| at | Bayram davri (kun emas) | at Navruz, at Christmas, at New Year |
| at | Tayyor birikmalar | at the moment, at the same time, at lunchtime, at sunset, at the end of the month |
| at | Dam olish kunlari (britancha) | at the weekend |
| on | Hafta kunlari | on Monday, on Fridays |
| on | Sanalar | on 21 March, on 1 September 2026 |
| on | Aniq kunning qismi | on Monday morning, on Friday night |
| on | Maxsus kunlar | on my birthday, on New Year’s Day, on Independence Day |
| on | Dam olish kunlari (amerikacha) | on the weekend |
| in | Oylar | in May, in September |
| in | Yillar, o‘n yilliklar, asrlar | in 2026, in the 1990s, in the 21st century |
| in | Fasllar | in winter, in (the) summer |
| in | Kun qismlari | in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening |
| in | Vaqt o‘tgach (kelajak) | in ten minutes, in two weeks |
Kengayish zinapoyasi: at 8 o’clock → on Monday → in May → in 2026. Nuqta → kun → davr.
“In the morning” lekin “on Monday morning”. Kun nomi qo‘shilsa, on g‘olib keladi: in the evening, lekin on Saturday evening.
“In ten minutes” = o‘n daqiqadan keyin. “O‘n daqiqa ichida tugataman” ma’nosi uchun within ten minutes deyiladi. After ten minutes esa o‘tgan voqeada ishlatiladi: After ten minutes, he left.
Predlog umuman kerak emas
Quyidagi so‘zlardan oldin in/on/at qo‘yilmaydi:
| So‘z | To‘g‘ri | Xato |
|---|---|---|
| this / next / last | next Monday, last year, this morning | on next Monday, in last year |
| every | every day, every summer | in every summer |
| today / tomorrow / yesterday | tomorrow evening | at tomorrow |
| tonight | See you tonight. | at tonight |
Joy: to‘liq jadval
| Predlog | Ma’no | Misollar |
|---|---|---|
| at | Nuqta, manzil, bekat | at the bus stop, at the door, at the traffic lights, at the airport |
| at | Uy raqamli manzil | at 25 Amir Temur Street |
| at | Faoliyat joyi (artiklsiz) | at home, at work, at school, at university |
| at | Tadbir | at a wedding, at a concert, at the meeting, at a party |
| on | Sirt | on the table, on the wall, on the floor, on the ceiling |
| on | Qavat | on the second floor, on the ground floor |
| on | Ko‘cha (raqamsiz), chiziq | on Amir Temur Street (AmE), on the coast, on the river |
| on | Jamoat transporti | on the bus, on the metro, on the train, on a plane |
| on | Yo‘nalish | on the left, on the right |
| on | Ekran va ommaviy axborot | on TV, on the radio, on the internet, on the screen, on page 5 |
| in | Ichki makon | in the room, in the box, in my bag, in the kitchen |
| in | Shahar, mamlakat, hudud | in Tashkent, in Uzbekistan, in Chilonzor |
| in | Kichik transport | in a car, in a taxi |
| in | Tasvir va matn | in the photo, in the picture, in the book, in the mirror |
| in | Ochiq, lekin chegaralangan joy | in the park, in the garden, in the street (BrE), in the queue (BrE) |
Eng ko‘p chalkashtiriladigan juftliklar
- in the car / on the bus. Ichida faqat o‘tirib turish mumkin bo‘lsa (car, taxi) — in. Ichida yurish mumkin bo‘lsa (bus, train, plane, metro) — on.
- at night / in the morning. Faqat night istisno. In the night ham bor, lekin “tunda bir marta, tun ichida” ma’nosida: I woke up in the night.
- on time / in time. On time — aynan belgilangan vaqtda: The train left on time. In time — kech qolmasdan, ulgurib: We got there in time for dinner.
- at the end / in the end. At the end of the film — filmning oxirida. In the end — oxir-oqibat: In the end, we stayed at home.
- at the corner / in the corner. Ko‘cha burchagida — at/on the corner. Xona burchagida — in the corner.
- arrive in / arrive at. Shahar va mamlakatga — arrive in Tashkent. Bino va bekatga — arrive at the airport. Arrive to deyilmaydi.
- at home / go home. At home — uyda. Harakatda predlog yo‘q: I’m going home, go to home emas.
- at school / in the school. At school — o‘quvchi sifatida maktabda. In the school — binoning ichida: There’s a fire in the school.
Britancha va amerikacha farq: at the weekend (BrE) va on the weekend (AmE); in Oxford Street (BrE) va on Fifth Avenue (AmE); in hospital (BrE) va in the hospital (AmE). Ikkalasi ham to‘g‘ri, bitta matnda bitta variantni ushlang.
O‘zbek o‘rganuvchilari qiladigan xatolar
| Xato | Qayerdan keladi | To‘g‘ri |
|---|---|---|
| in Monday | “dushanbada” | on Monday |
| in 7 o’clock | “soat 7 da” | at 7 o’clock |
| at 2026 | “2026-yilda” | in 2026 |
| in the bus | “avtobusda”, ruscha “в автобусе” | on the bus |
| in the internet | ruscha “в интернете” | on the internet |
| on the photo | ruscha “на фото” | in the photo |
| arrive to Tashkent | “Toshkentga keldim” | arrive in Tashkent |
| in the next week | “keyingi haftada” | next week |
| in home, go to home | “uyda”, “uyga” | at home, go home |
| I study in university | ruscha “учусь в университете” | I study at university |
Asosiy tuzatish: o‘zbekcha qo‘shimchaga qaramang, inglizcha so‘zning o‘ziga qarang — Monday doim on bilan, 2026 doim in bilan keladi. Artikllar bilan ham xuddi shunday xatolar bo‘ladi; ular haqida a, an, the qoidalari sahifasida.
Mashq: 15 ta gap
Bo‘sh joyga in, on, at yoki “–” (predlog kerak emas) qo‘ying.
- 1. My English class starts ___ 6:30.
- 2. I was born ___ 2004.
- 3. See you ___ Friday!
- 4. We usually go to the mountains ___ summer.
- 5. I’ll call you back ___ ten minutes.
- 6. She isn’t ___ home right now.
- 7. Your keys are ___ the table.
- 8. I met him ___ the metro yesterday.
- 9. They live ___ Samarkand.
- 10. There’s a nice café ___ the third floor.
- 11. I’m meeting my friends ___ next Saturday.
- 12. I can’t sleep ___ night when it’s hot.
- 13. Who is the man ___ this photo?
- 14. Our plane arrived ___ Istanbul Airport late.
- 15. My birthday is ___ 5 May.
Javoblar: 1 — at; 2 — in; 3 — on; 4 — in; 5 — in; 6 — at; 7 — on; 8 — on; 9 — in; 10 — on; 11 — “–” (next oldidan predlog yo‘q); 12 — at; 13 — in; 14 — at (bino, aeroport); 15 — on.
13 va undan ko‘p to‘g‘ri bo‘lsa, qoidani bilasiz, endi uni og‘zaki avtomatlashtirish qoldi. 10 tadan kam bo‘lsa, xato qilgan qatoringizni jadvaldan toping va o‘sha qatordan o‘zingiz haqingizda uchta gap tuzing.
Og‘zaki mashq: kuningizning xaritasi
Kechagi kuningizni vaqt va joy bilan 6 gapda ayting: I woke up at 7. I had breakfast in the kitchen. I was on the bus at 8. I was at work until 6. In the evening I met a friend at a café on Navoi Street. I was at home at 10. Sana va soatlarni aytishda ishonchsiz bo‘lsangiz, inglizcha sana va vaqt qo‘llanmasini ko‘ring. Bu tur xatolar imtihon speaking qismida ham tez-tez uchraydi: CEFR grammatik xatolari ro‘yxatiga qarang.
BandMate bilan mashq
BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan kun tartibingiz, sayohat yoki uyingiz haqida ovozli suhbat qilsangiz, predloglarni o‘ylamasdan ishlatishga to‘g‘ri keladi. Ilova darslarida grammatika tushuntirishlari o‘zbekcha yoki ruscha beriladi. Suhbatdan keyin “in Monday” kabi xatoingiz qolgan bo‘lsa, yuqoridagi jadvalga qaytib, o‘sha qatorni qayta mashq qiling.
Manbalar
- Cambridge Dictionary — Grammar: At, on and in (time)
- Cambridge Dictionary — Grammar: At, on and in (place)
