Vaqtni ingliz tilida ikki usulda aytish mumkin: raqamlar bilan (nine thirty) yoki soat mili bilan (half past nine). Sana britancha the fifth of May, amerikacha May fifth deb o‘qiladi, 2026-yil esa odatda twenty twenty-six. Quyida soat jadvali, tartib sonlar, yillarni o‘qish, predloglar va o‘zbek o‘quvchilari eng ko‘p adashadigan joylar bor.
Vaqtni so‘rash
- What time is it? — Soat necha?
- What’s the time? — Soat necha? (ko‘proq Britaniyada)
- Do you have the time? — Soatingiz bormi, necha bo‘ldi?
- What time does the lesson start? — Dars soat nechada boshlanadi?
Ehtiyot bo‘ling: Do you have the time? “soat necha?” degani, Do you have time? esa “bo‘sh vaqtingiz bormi?” degani. Bitta artikl ma’noni butunlay o‘zgartiradi.
Soatni aytish: ikki usul
Birinchi usul oson: soat va daqiqani ketma-ket aytasiz. 9:15 — nine fifteen, 9:40 — nine forty. Bir xonali daqiqada nol “oh” deb o‘qiladi: 9:05 — nine oh five.
Ikkinchi usulda yarimgacha past (o‘tdi), yarimdan keyin to (qoldi) ishlatiladi:
| Soat | Raqam bilan | Soat mili bilan |
|---|---|---|
| 9:00 | nine | nine o’clock |
| 9:05 | nine oh five | five past nine |
| 9:10 | nine ten | ten past nine |
| 9:15 | nine fifteen | (a) quarter past nine |
| 9:20 | nine twenty | twenty past nine |
| 9:25 | nine twenty-five | twenty-five past nine |
| 9:30 | nine thirty | half past nine |
| 9:35 | nine thirty-five | twenty-five to ten |
| 9:40 | nine forty | twenty to ten |
| 9:45 | nine forty-five | (a) quarter to ten |
| 9:50 | nine fifty | ten to ten |
| 9:55 | nine fifty-five | five to ten |
Qoidalar:
- O’clock faqat butun soatda: nine o’clock. 9:15 uchun nine fifteen o’clock deyilmaydi.
- Past/to odatda beshga karrali daqiqalar bilan ishlatiladi. Boshqa daqiqalarda minutes qo‘shiladi: 9:07 — seven minutes past nine yoki oddiygina nine oh seven.
- Amerikada a quarter after nine (9:15) va a quarter of ten yoki a quarter till ten (9:45) ham eshitiladi. Raqam bilan aytish AQShda ko‘proq uchraydi.
Katta tuzoq: “half ten”. Britaniyada so‘zlashuvda half ten 10:30 degani (half past tenning qisqasi). Ruscha “пол десятого” esa 9:30. Rus tilida o‘ylab qolgan o‘quvchi uchrashuvga bir soat erta keladi. O‘zbekcha “o‘n yarim” ingliz mantig‘iga yaqin, shunga tayaning.
Kun qismlari, a.m. va p.m.
| Inglizcha | O‘zbekcha | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| a.m. | yarim tundan tushgacha | The shop opens at 9 a.m. |
| p.m. | tushdan yarim tungacha | The meeting is at 3 p.m. |
| in the morning | ertalab | I leave home at seven in the morning. |
| in the afternoon | tushdan keyin | I have lunch at two in the afternoon. |
| in the evening | kechqurun | We eat dinner at eight in the evening. |
| at night | kechasi | I can’t sleep at night. |
| noon, midday | tush payti, 12:00 | The train leaves at noon. |
| midnight | yarim tun, 00:00 | The shop is open until midnight. |
Kundalik nutqda 24 soatlik tizim kam ishlatiladi: 20:00 uchun twenty hundred emas, eight p.m. yoki eight in the evening deysiz. Poyezd va samolyot jadvalida esa eighteen forty (18:40) kabi o‘qish odatiy. 12 a.m. va 12 p.m. ingliz tilida so‘zlashuvchilarni ham chalkashtiradi, shuning uchun midnight va noon deyish xavfsizroq.
O‘zbekcha “bugun ertalab” — this morning, today morning emas. “Kecha kechqurun” — last night yoki yesterday evening. “Ertaga ertalab” — tomorrow morning.
Tartib sonlar: 1st dan 31st gacha
Sana uchun oddiy son emas, tartib son kerak.
| Son | Yozilishi | Son | Yozilishi |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | first | 12th | twelfth |
| 2nd | second | 13th | thirteenth |
| 3rd | third | 20th | twentieth |
| 4th | fourth | 21st | twenty-first |
| 5th | fifth | 22nd | twenty-second |
| 8th | eighth | 23rd | twenty-third |
| 9th | ninth | 30th | thirtieth |
| 11th | eleventh | 31st | thirty-first |
Imlo tuzoqlari: fifth (five emas), eighth (bitta t), ninth (e yo‘q), twelfth (ve emas, f), twentieth (y o‘rniga ie). Oxiridagi /θ/ tovushi “s” yoki “t” emas, til uchi tishlar orasida turadi. Oddiy sonlar talaffuzi uchun 1 dan 100 gacha sonlar sahifasi bor.
Sanani yozish va o‘qish
| Britaniya | AQSh | |
|---|---|---|
| Yozilishi | 5 May 2026 | May 5, 2026 |
| O‘qilishi | the fifth of May | May fifth |
| Raqam bilan | 05/06/2026 = 5-iyun | 05/06/2026 = 6-may |
O‘zbekistonda sana kun.oy.yil tartibida yoziladi (05.06.2026), bu britancha tartibga mos. Amerikalik hamkor 05/06 ni 6-may deb o‘qiydi. Xalqaro xat yoki shartnomada oyni so‘z bilan yozing: 5 June 2026. Kompyuter tizimlarida esa ko‘pincha 2026-06-05 shakli ishlatiladi.
Og‘zaki misollar:
- Independence Day is on the first of September. — Mustaqillik kuni 1-sentyabrda.
- Navruz is on the twenty-first of March. — Navro‘z 21-martda.
- My birthday is on the fourteenth of February. — Tug‘ilgan kunim 14-fevralda.
- What’s the date today? — It’s the thirtieth of September. — Bugun nechanchi sana?
What day is it? haftaning kunini so‘raydi (It’s Wednesday), What’s the date? esa sanani (It’s the 30th). Kun nomlari va oylar uchun hafta kunlari va oylar sahifasiga qarang.
Yillarni o‘qish
| Yil | Qanday o‘qiladi |
|---|---|
| 1991 | nineteen ninety-one |
| 1905 | nineteen oh five |
| 2000 | two thousand |
| 2008 | two thousand and eight (UK), two thousand eight (US) |
| 2010 | twenty ten yoki two thousand and ten |
| 2026 | twenty twenty-six (ko‘proq), two thousand and twenty-six |
1999-yilgacha yil ikki juftga bo‘lib o‘qiladi: 19|91. One thousand nine hundred ninety-one grammatik jihatdan tushunarli, lekin hech kim bunday demaydi. O‘n yilliklar: the 1990s — the nineteen nineties yoki qisqa the nineties. Asrlar tartib son bilan: the 21st century — the twenty-first century.
Vaqt predloglari
| Predlog | Nima bilan | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| at | soat, noon, night | at 7 o’clock, at noon, at night |
| on | kun va sana | on Monday, on 5 May, on my birthday |
| in | oy, fasl, yil, kun qismi | in May, in 2026, in the morning |
| — | next, last, this, every | next Friday, this morning, every day |
Britaniyada at the weekend, AQShda on the weekend. Batafsil qoidalar va istisnolar in, on, at predloglari sahifasida.
Muddat uchun yana uchta juftlik kerak:
- for — davomiylik: for two hours (ikki soat davomida)
- from … to / until — oraliq: from 9 to 6
- by — kechiktirmay: Send it by Friday (jumadan kechiktirmay yuboring). until esa “gacha davom etadi”: I’ll be in the office until Friday.
Namunaviy dialog: uchrashuv belgilash
Aziz: Hi Kate. Do you have time for a quick call this week?
Kate: Sure. How about Thursday?
Aziz: Thursday works. What time suits you?
Kate: Is half past ten OK? That’s London time.
Aziz: So that’s half past two in Tashkent. Yes, that’s fine.
Kate: Great. And the report — can you send it by the end of the month?
Aziz: Yes, I’ll send it by the twenty-eighth.
Kate: Perfect. See you on Thursday.
Vaqt mintaqasi farqini tekshirish shu dialogdagidek oddiy gap bilan qilinadi: So that’s … in Tashkent. Toshkent va London orasidagi farq fasliga qarab o‘zgaradi, chunki Britaniyada soat yozda oldinga suriladi; uchrashuvdan oldin taqvimda tekshiring.
O‘zbek o‘quvchilari ko‘p qiladigan xatolar
| Xato | To‘g‘ri |
|---|---|
| today morning | this morning |
| at Monday, in Monday | on Monday |
| on next week | next week |
| nine and half | half past nine yoki nine thirty |
| It is 5 May deb “five May” o‘qish | the fifth of May |
| Do you have time? (soatni so‘rash uchun) | Do you have the time? |
| half ten ni 9:30 deb tushunish | Britaniyada 10:30 |
| fiveth, nineth, twelveth | fifth, ninth, twelfth |
| until Friday (muddat ma’nosida) | by Friday |
Mashq
A. Soatni ikki usulda yozing.
- 7:45
- 12:30
- 4:10
- 8:05
B. So‘z bilan yozing (britancha o‘qilish).
- 5. 21.03.2026 (sana)
- 6. 1999 (yil)
- 7. 22nd
C. Bo‘sh joyga at, on, in qo‘ying yoki hech narsa qo‘ymang.
- 8. The class starts ___ 6 p.m.
- 9. I was born ___ 2004.
- 10. Let’s meet ___ next Tuesday.
- 11. The exam is ___ 12 June.
Javoblar: 1 — seven forty-five / a quarter to eight; 2 — twelve thirty / half past twelve; 3 — four ten / ten past four; 4 — eight oh five / five past eight; 5 — the twenty-first of March, twenty twenty-six; 6 — nineteen ninety-nine; 7 — twenty-second; 8 — at; 9 — in; 10 — hech narsa (next Tuesday); 11 — on.
IELTS Listening’da sana va soat ko‘p so‘raladi, u yerda 13th va 30th kabi juftlarni eshitib ajratish kerak. Bunday savollar uchun IELTS Listening: raqam va sanalar sahifasida alohida mashqlar bor.
BandMate bilan mashq
BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan ovozli suhbatda uchrashuv belgilash, dars jadvalini aytish yoki tug‘ilgan kuningiz haqida gapirishni mashq qilishingiz mumkin. Ilova twelfth, thirtieth kabi so‘zlar talaffuzi bo‘yicha fikr beradi, darslarda esa soat va sanalar takrorlanadi. Bu real telefon qo‘ng‘irog‘idagi shoshilinchni to‘liq bermaydi, lekin sonni o‘ylab o‘tirmasdan aytishga o‘rgatadi.
BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling
