Ingliz tilida hafta kunlari Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday va Sunday, oylar January’dan December’gacha. Ikkalasi ham doim bosh harf bilan yoziladi. Kun bilan on (on Monday), oy bilan in (in May) ishlatiladi. Quyida talaffuz, qisqartmalar, predloglar, O‘zbekiston bayramlari va o‘zingizni tekshirish uchun mashq bor.
Hafta kunlari
| Inglizcha | Talaffuz | O‘zbekcha | Misol |
|---|---|---|---|
| Monday | /ˈmʌndeɪ/, “mandey” | dushanba | I have English on Monday. |
| Tuesday | /ˈtjuːzdeɪ/ (UK), /ˈtuːzdeɪ/ (US) | seshanba | The shop is closed on Tuesday. |
| Wednesday | /ˈwenzdeɪ/, “uenzdey” | chorshanba | Let’s meet on Wednesday evening. |
| Thursday | /ˈθɜːzdeɪ/ | payshanba | My exam is on Thursday. |
| Friday | /ˈfraɪdeɪ/, “fraydey” | juma | We go to my grandparents’ on Friday. |
| Saturday | /ˈsætədeɪ/ | shanba | I work on Saturday mornings. |
| Sunday | /ˈsʌndeɪ/, “sandey” | yakshanba | We have family lunch on Sunday. |
Talaffuzdagi uchta tuzoq:
- Wednesday — yozilishida uch bo‘g‘in, aytilishida ikki: “uenz-dey”. Birinchi d o‘qilmaydi. “Ved-nes-day” deyish eng keng tarqalgan xato; boshidagi /w/ ham “v” emas.
- Tuesday va Thursday — o‘zbek o‘quvchilari tinglashda eng ko‘p chalkashtiradigan juftlik. Tuesday “tyuz” yoki “tuz” bilan, Thursday esa til uchi tishlar orasidagi /θ/ bilan boshlanadi. Thursday’ni “sarzdey” yoki “tarzdey” desangiz, tinglovchi Tuesday deb tushunishi mumkin.
- -day qo‘shimchasi — tez nutqda ko‘pincha /di/ bo‘lib qisqaradi: “Mandi”, “Fraydi”. Ikkala variant ham to‘g‘ri.
Qisqartmalar: Mon, Tue (Tues), Wed, Thu (Thurs), Fri, Sat, Sun. Dars jadvali yoki ilova taqvimida shular ko‘rinadi.
Foydali so‘zlar: weekday — ish kuni (dushanbadan jumagacha), weekend — dam olish kunlari (shanba-yakshanba), day off — dam olish kuni. O‘zbekistonda ko‘p joylar olti kun ishlaydi, buni shunday aytasiz: I work six days a week. My only day off is Sunday.
Oylar
| Inglizcha | Talaffuz | O‘zbekcha | Misol |
|---|---|---|---|
| January | /ˈdʒænjuəri/, “jenyueri” | yanvar | It often snows in January. |
| February | /ˈfebruəri/ | fevral | February is the shortest month. |
| March | /mɑːtʃ/, “maach” | mart | Navruz is in March. |
| April | /ˈeɪprəl/, “eyprel” | aprel | The apricot trees bloom in April. |
| May | /meɪ/, “mey” | may | My brother was born in May. |
| June | /dʒuːn/, “juun” | iyun | The days are longest in June. |
| July | /dʒuˈlaɪ/, “julay” | iyul | July is usually very hot in Tashkent. |
| August | /ˈɔːɡəst/, “o‘gest” | avgust | We go to the mountains in August. |
| September | /sepˈtembə/ | sentyabr | University starts in September. |
| October | /ɒkˈtəʊbə/ | oktyabr | The weather is perfect in October. |
| November | /nəʊˈvembə/ | noyabr | My IELTS exam is in November. |
| December | /dɪˈsembə/ | dekabr | We celebrate New Year at the end of December. |
Rus tilidan o‘tgan o‘zbekcha oy nomlari talaffuzga halaqit beradi:
- April “aprel” emas, “eyprel”: urg‘u birinchi bo‘g‘inda, a harfi /eɪ/.
- July “iyul” emas, “ju-LAY”: urg‘u ikkinchi bo‘g‘inda. June esa bitta bo‘g‘in, “juun”. Listening’da bu ikkisini ajratish uchun urg‘u va oxirgi tovushga quloq soling.
- August “avgust” emas, “O-gest”: au harflari /ɔː/, v tovushi yo‘q.
- September, October, November, December — urg‘u ikkinchi bo‘g‘inda: sep-TEM-ber, ok-TOH-ber.
Qisqartmalar: Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep (Sept), Oct, Nov, Dec. May qisqarmaydi, u allaqachon uch harf.
Fasllar
| Inglizcha | O‘zbekcha | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| spring | bahor | Spring in the Fergana Valley is beautiful. |
| summer | yoz | In summer, it can be over forty degrees. |
| autumn (UK), fall (US) | kuz | Autumn is the best time for fruit. |
| winter | qish | Winter in Tashkent isn’t very long. |
Fasllar kichik harf bilan yoziladi (spring, Spring emas), oylar va kunlar esa bosh harf bilan. In spring ham, in the spring ham to‘g‘ri.
Predloglar: on Monday, in May
| Nima | Predlog | Misollar |
|---|---|---|
| hafta kuni | on | on Monday, on Friday evening |
| har hafta takrorlanadigan kun | on + -s | on Tuesdays (har seshanba) |
| aniq sana | on | on 9 May, on the 1st of September |
| oy | in | in May, in early July |
| fasl | in | in winter, in the summer |
| yil | in | in 2027 |
| dam olish kunlari | at (UK), on (US) | at the weekend, on the weekend |
| next, last, this, every | predlogsiz | next Monday, last July, every Sunday |
Ikki muhim nuqta:
- Next, last, this va every oldidan predlog qo‘yilmaydi. On next Monday emas, next Monday; in last year emas, last year.
- O‘zbekcha “seshanba kunlari” (har seshanba) — on Tuesdays. “Dushanbadan jumagacha” — from Monday to Friday, amerikacha Monday through Friday.
Umumiy qoidalar va istisnolar in, on, at predloglari sahifasida.
Kecha, ertaga va boshqa nisbiy vaqtlar
| O‘zbekcha | Inglizcha |
|---|---|
| kecha | yesterday |
| o‘tgan kuni | the day before yesterday |
| ertaga | tomorrow |
| indinga | the day after tomorrow |
| kelasi hafta | next week |
| o‘tgan oy | last month |
| ikki haftadan keyin | in two weeks (UK: in two weeks’ time) |
| ikki hafta | two weeks (UK: a fortnight) |
| hafta oxirigacha | by the end of the week |
Kun yoki sana? Savollar va javoblar
- What day is it today? — It’s Wednesday. (haftaning kuni)
- What’s the date today? — It’s the thirtieth of September. (sana)
- When’s your birthday? — It’s on the 14th of March. yoki It’s in March.
- What days do you work? — I work from Monday to Saturday.
- When does the course start? — It starts on the first Monday in October.
What day va What date farqi tinglashda muhim: birinchisiga Wednesday, ikkinchisiga the 30th deb javob beriladi. Sanani to‘liq aytish, tartib sonlar va yillar ingliz tilida sana va vaqt sahifasida.
O‘zbekiston bayramlari inglizcha
| Bayram yoki sana | Qachon | Gap |
|---|---|---|
| New Year’s Day | 1 January | New Year’s Day is on the first of January. |
| International Women’s Day | 8 March | We give flowers to our mothers on the eighth of March. |
| Navruz | 21 March | Navruz is in March, on the twenty-first. |
| Day of Remembrance and Honour | 9 May | On the ninth of May, families visit their elders. |
| Independence Day | 1 September | Independence Day is on the first of September. |
| Teachers’ Day | 1 October | Teachers’ Day is on the first of October. |
| Constitution Day | 8 December | Constitution Day is in December. |
Ramazon hayiti va Qurbon hayiti har yili boshqa sanaga to‘g‘ri keladi, chunki hijriy taqvim bilan belgilanadi. Ular haqida: The date of Eid changes every year. Rasmiy dam olish kunlari ro‘yxatini har yili hukumat qarori bilan tekshiring.
Qisqa dialog: kurs jadvali
Receptionist: Good afternoon. How can I help?
Siz: Hi. I’d like to join the evening English course. When does it start?
Receptionist: The next group starts on the fifth of October.
Siz: Which days are the classes?
Receptionist: On Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays, from seven to half past eight.
Siz: I work late on Wednesdays. Is there another group?
Receptionist: Yes, there’s a weekend group. It meets on Saturdays and Sundays in the morning.
Siz: That’s better. When is the last day to register?
Receptionist: By the end of September.
Siz: Great, thank you.
O‘zbek o‘quvchilari ko‘p qiladigan xatolar
| Xato | To‘g‘ri |
|---|---|
| monday, july (kichik harf) | Monday, July |
| in Monday, at Monday | on Monday |
| on May | in May |
| on next Friday, in last year | next Friday, last year |
| “Ved-nes-day” | /ˈwenzdeɪ/ |
| “aprel”, “avgust” talaffuzi | /ˈeɪprəl/, /ˈɔːɡəst/ |
| What date is today? bilan kunni so‘rash | What day is it today? |
| Summer, Winter (bosh harf) | summer, winter |
Mashq
A. Bo‘sh joyga on, in, at yoki “—” (predlogsiz) qo‘ying.
- My birthday is ___ June.
- We don’t have classes ___ Sundays.
- I’ll call you ___ next Thursday.
- The concert is ___ the 12th of December.
- It’s very cold here ___ winter.
- What are you doing ___ the weekend? (britancha)
B. Ingliz tiliga tarjima qiling.
- 7. Payshanba kuni imtihonim bor.
- 8. Indinga Samarqandga ketyapmiz.
- 9. Men dushanbadan jumagacha ishlayman.
- 10. Bugun nechanchi sana?
Javoblar: 1 — in; 2 — on; 3 — predlogsiz (next Thursday); 4 — on; 5 — in; 6 — at; 7 — I have an exam on Thursday; 8 — We’re going to Samarkand the day after tomorrow; 9 — I work from Monday to Friday; 10 — What’s the date today?
Talaffuz uchun kichik vazifa: yettita kun va o‘n ikkita oyni ketma-ket ovoz chiqarib ayting va telefonga yozib oling. Yozuvda Wednesday, Thursday, April, July va Augustni jadvaldagi transkripsiya bilan solishtiring. Agar noldan boshlayotgan bo‘lsangiz, bu so‘zlar 90 kunlik rejaning birinchi haftalariga kiradi.
BandMate bilan mashq
BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan ovozli suhbatda haftalik rejangiz, dars jadvalingiz yoki sevimli faslingiz haqida gapirishingiz mumkin. Ilova Wednesday, Thursday, July kabi so‘zlar talaffuzi bo‘yicha fikr beradi, darslarda esa kunlar, oylar va predloglar takrorlanadi. Yozgan gapingizdagi predlog xatosini ham suhbat davomida sezishga yordam beradi, lekin grammatik qoidani o‘zingiz bilishingiz kerak.
BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling
