Ingliz tilida qarindoshlik so‘zlari o‘zbek tilidagidan kamroq. Amaki ham, tog‘a ham uncle; amma ham, xola ham aunt; barcha amakivachcha, xolavachcha va tog‘avachchalar bitta so‘z bilan cousin. Aniqlik kerak bo‘lsa, kimning tomonidan ekanini qo‘shasiz: my dad’s brother, my aunt on my mum’s side. Quyida asosiy so‘zlar, in-laws, o‘zbekcha atamalar jadvali va oilani tanishtirish namunasi bor.
Yaqin oila
| Inglizcha | Talaffuz | O‘zbekcha | Misol |
|---|---|---|---|
| mother, mum (UK), mom (US) | /ˈmʌðə/ | ona | My mum is a nurse. |
| father, dad | /ˈfɑːðə/ | ota | My dad works in construction. |
| parents | /ˈpeərənts/ | ota-ona | My parents live in Namangan. |
| brother | /ˈbrʌðə/ | aka yoki uka | I have two brothers. |
| sister | /ˈsɪstə/ | opa yoki singil | My sister is at university. |
| siblings | /ˈsɪblɪŋz/ | aka-uka, opa-singillar | How many siblings do you have? |
| son | /sʌn/ | o‘g‘il | Their son is five. |
| daughter | /ˈdɔːtə/, “do‘te” | qiz (farzand) | They have a daughter and a son. |
| husband | /ˈhʌzbənd/ | er | Her husband is a teacher. |
| wife | /waɪf/ | xotin, rafiqa | His wife is from Bukhara. |
| child, children | /tʃaɪld/, /ˈtʃɪldrən/ | bola, bolalar | They have three children. |
| twins | /twɪnz/ | egizaklar | My cousins are twins. |
| only child | /ˌəʊnli ˈtʃaɪld/ | yolg‘iz farzand | I’m an only child. |
Mother, father, brother so‘zlaridagi th /ð/ — jarangli tovush, “z” yoki “d” emas: til uchi tishlar orasida turadi. Daughter so‘zida gh o‘qilmaydi. Son va sun bir xil talaffuz qilinadi.
Aka yoki uka? Ingliz tilida yosh so‘zda ko‘rinmaydi
O‘zbek tilida aka, uka, opa, singil — to‘rt xil so‘z. Ingliz tilida faqat brother va sister. Yoshni alohida sifat bilan aytasiz:
- aka — older brother (britancha elder brother ham), so‘zlashuvda big brother
- uka — younger brother, so‘zlashuvda little brother
- opa — older sister, big sister
- singil — younger sister, little sister
Yana bir farq: o‘zbek tilida notanish odamga ham “aka”, “opa” deymiz. Ingliz tilida begona odamni brother yoki sister deb chaqirish g‘alati eshitiladi. Ismini ayting yoki Excuse me bilan murojaat qiling.
Katta oila: bobo-buvidan jiyangacha
| Inglizcha | Talaffuz | O‘zbekcha | Misol |
|---|---|---|---|
| grandfather, grandpa | /ˈɡrænfɑːðə/ | bobo | My grandpa was a farmer. |
| grandmother, grandma, granny | /ˈɡrænmʌðə/ | buvi | My granny makes the best somsa. |
| grandparents | /ˈɡrænpeərənts/ | bobo-buvi | I grew up with my grandparents. |
| grandson, granddaughter | /ˈɡrænsʌn/, /ˈɡrændɔːtə/ | nevara (o‘g‘il, qiz) | She has six grandchildren. |
| great-grandchild | /ˌɡreɪt ˈɡræntʃaɪld/ | chevara | They already have a great-grandchild. |
| uncle | /ˈʌŋkl/ | amaki, tog‘a | My uncle lives in Moscow. |
| aunt, auntie | /ɑːnt/ (UK), /ænt/ (US) | amma, xola | My aunt is a doctor. |
| cousin | /ˈkʌzn/, “kazn” | amakivachcha, xolavachcha va h.k. | My cousin and I are the same age. |
| nephew | /ˈnefjuː/ | jiyan (o‘g‘il) | My nephew is learning to read. |
| niece | /niːs/ | jiyan (qiz) | My niece loves drawing. |
| relatives | /ˈrelətɪvz/ | qarindoshlar | All our relatives came to the wedding. |
Grandfather, grandson so‘zlarida birinchi d tez nutqda deyarli eshitilmaydi. Cousin “kuzin” emas, “kazn”. Aunt Britaniyada “aant”, Amerikada ant (chumoli) bilan bir xil.
In-laws: nikoh orqali qarindoshlar
Ingliz tilida nikoh orqali qarindosh bo‘lgan odamlar -in-law qo‘shimchasi bilan aytiladi. Hammasi birgalikda in-laws: I’m visiting my in-laws this weekend — “qaynonam va qaynotamlarnikiga boraman”.
| Inglizcha | O‘zbekcha | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| mother-in-law | qaynona | My mother-in-law taught me to cook plov. |
| father-in-law | qaynota | My father-in-law is retired. |
| daughter-in-law | kelin (o‘g‘ilning xotini) | Their daughter-in-law is a lawyer. |
| son-in-law | kuyov (qizning eri) | Their son-in-law works in IT. |
| brother-in-law | qayin aka, qayin uka; pochcha | My brother-in-law helped us move. |
| sister-in-law | qayin opa, qayin singil; kelinoyi, yanga | My sister-in-law and I are close friends. |
Ko‘plik shakli birinchi so‘zga qo‘shiladi: mothers-in-law, brothers-in-law. Mother-in-laws xato.
To‘y kontekstida “kelin” bride, “kuyov” groom (yoki bridegroom). To‘ydan keyin, oila ichidagi o‘rni haqida gapirganda — daughter-in-law va son-in-law.
O‘zbekcha qarindoshlik atamalari inglizcha
Bu jadval o‘zbekcha so‘zni bitta inglizcha so‘z yetmagan joyda qanday tushuntirishni ko‘rsatadi.
| O‘zbekcha | Qisqa inglizcha | Aniq tushuntirish |
|---|---|---|
| amaki | uncle | my father’s brother, my uncle on my dad’s side |
| tog‘a | uncle | my mother’s brother, my uncle on my mum’s side |
| amma | aunt | my father’s sister |
| xola | aunt | my mother’s sister |
| amakivachcha, xolavachcha | cousin | my uncle’s son, my aunt’s daughter |
| jiyan | nephew, niece | my brother’s son, my sister’s daughter |
| nevara | grandchild | my son’s daughter |
| kelin | daughter-in-law | my son’s wife |
| kelinoyi, yanga | sister-in-law | my brother’s wife |
| pochcha, yezna | brother-in-law | my sister’s husband |
| boja | — | my wife’s sister’s husband |
| ovsin | — | my husband’s brother’s wife |
| quda, qudag‘ay | — | my son’s (daughter’s) in-laws; my son’s father-in-law |
| o‘gay ona, o‘gay ota | stepmother, stepfather | my father’s wife |
| ota bir (ona bir) aka | half-brother | we have the same father |
“Boja”, “ovsin”, “quda” uchun ingliz tilida alohida kundalik so‘z yo‘q. Ba’zilar bojani ham brother-in-law deydi, lekin aniq aytish uchun tushuntirish yaxshiroq: This is my wife’s sister’s husband. Xorijlik suhbatdoshga qisqa izoh bering: In Uzbek we have a special word for that.
Cousin brother yoki cousin sister hind ingliz tilida uchraydi, standart ingliz tilida esa oddiygina cousin. Jinsni aytish kerak bo‘lsa: my cousin — he’s my uncle’s son.
Oila holati
- single — turmush qurmagan
- engaged — unashtirilgan: My sister got engaged last month.
- married — uylangan, turmushga chiqqan: He’s married to a teacher. (married with emas)
- divorced — ajrashgan
- widowed — beva, tul
- get married — turmush qurmoq: We got married in 2020.
Oilani tanishtirish: namuna
Quyidagi matn mashq uchun yozilgan namuna. Yodlamang, faqat tuzilishini oling va o‘z oilangizga moslang.
There are six of us in my family: my parents, my two brothers, my younger sister and me. We live in Samarkand, but my older brother moved to Tashkent after he got married. He lives with his wife and their little daughter, so I’m already an uncle. My younger brother is still at school. My grandparents live next door, and on Fridays the whole family has dinner at my grandma’s. I’m very close to my cousins on my mum’s side because we spent every summer together at our uncle’s house in the village.
Namunadagi foydali qoliplar:
- There are six of us in my family. — Oilamizda olti kishimiz. Ruscha “нас шестеро” ta’sirida We are six in family deyiladi, bu noto‘g‘ri.
- I’m close to… — … bilan yaqinman.
- at my grandma’s — buvimnikida (house so‘zi tushib qoladi).
- on my mum’s side — onam tomonidan.
IELTS Speaking Part 1’da oila haqida qisqa savollar tushishi mumkin (masalan, Do you spend a lot of time with your family?). Bunday savollarga javob tuzilishini Part 1 savollari va javoblari sahifasida, oila a’zosi haqidagi uzunroq hikoyani esa odamlar haqidagi cue card’lar sahifasida mashq qiling.
O‘zbek o‘quvchilari ko‘p qiladigan xatolar
| Xato | Nima uchun | To‘g‘ri |
|---|---|---|
| We are five in family. | Ruscha “нас пятеро” | There are five of us in my family. |
| My family consists from five people. | Ruscha “состоит из” | My family consists of five people. yoki There are five of us. |
| my uncle from father | “otam tomondan” so‘zma-so‘z | my uncle on my dad’s side |
| married with | Ruscha “женат на” | married to |
| mother-in-laws | Ko‘plikni oxiriga qo‘shish | mothers-in-law |
| my cousin brother | Hind ingliz tili ta’siri | my cousin |
| the brother of my wife | So‘zma-so‘z tarjima | my wife’s brother |
| daughter “dogter” | Harf bo‘yicha o‘qish | /ˈdɔːtə/ |
Mashq: o‘zbekcha atamani inglizcha ayting
Har biriga qisqa inglizcha so‘z yoki aniq tushuntirish yozing.
- xolam
- tog‘am
- akamning xotini
- singlimning o‘g‘li
- qaynonam
- qizimning eri
- ammamning qizi
- nevaralarim
- Oilamizda to‘rt kishimiz.
- Opam o‘qituvchiga turmushga chiqqan.
Javoblar: 1 — my aunt (my mum’s sister); 2 — my uncle (my mum’s brother); 3 — my sister-in-law (my brother’s wife); 4 — my nephew (my younger sister’s son); 5 — my mother-in-law; 6 — my son-in-law; 7 — my cousin (my dad’s sister’s daughter); 8 — my grandchildren; 9 — There are four of us in my family; 10 — My older sister is married to a teacher.
Endi o‘z oilangizni 6–8 gapda ovoz chiqarib tanishtiring va yozib oling. Yozuvda mother, brother so‘zlaridagi /ð/ tovushini va There are … of us qolipini tekshiring.
BandMate bilan mashq
BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan ovozli suhbatda oilangiz haqida gapirishingiz mumkin: Bandi Who are you closest to? kabi qo‘shimcha savollar beradi. Ilova daughter, cousin, brother kabi so‘zlar talaffuzi bo‘yicha fikr bildiradi, darslarda esa oila mavzusidagi so‘zlar takrorlanadi. Ilovaning fikri o‘qituvchi yoki imtihon bahosi o‘rnini bosmaydi, lekin oilangizni bemalol tanishtirishga tayyorlaydi.
BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling
